パーソナリティ研究 2006 第14巻 第3号 281–292

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1 ,2) (1) (2) 4 3) (1) Hazan & Shaver (1987) (p. 513) (2) Bowlby (1969) (p. 207) (e.g., Brennan, Clark & Shaver, 1998 Hazan & Shaver (1987) (Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters & Wall, 1978) 1) 65 2) 3) e.g., 2001

2 (IWM; Internal working models) (Bowlby, 1969) (Brennan et al., 1998) e.g., (e.g., Brennan et al., 1998) (Avoidance) (Anxiety) ) 2 (Fraley & Spieker, 2003) (Bowlby, 1969) 2 6 Brennan & Shaver, 1995; Collins & Feeney, 2000; Fraley, Davis & Shaver, 1998; Fraley & Shaver, 1998; 2005, ) 4 2 (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991; Brennan et al., 1998(1) (Secure) (2) (Dismissing) (3) (Preoccupied) (4) (Fearful) IWM IWM 5) (safe haven) (e.g., Collins & Feeney, 2000) (Bowlby, 1969) 2 6 (e.g., Mikulincer, Florian & Weller, 1993)

3 283 5) Fraley & Shaver (1998) Fraley & Shaver (1998) 6 Brennan & Shaver (1995) Fraley et al. (1998) Fraley & Shaver (1998) (goal-corrected partnership) (Bowlby, 1969) (security) e.g., IWM

4 (Brennan et al., 1998) (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) (e.g., Fraley & Spieker, 2003) SD 1.17; i.e., i.e., e.g., (e.g., Weiss, 1982) (Bowlby, 1969) e.g., 2 2 the Experiences in Close Relationships inventory Brennan et al., 1998, ECR ) )

5 285 ECR (2004) 4 4 Relationship Questionnaire Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991, RQ 1999 RQ 4 (1999) (2004) RQ 1 AABS: Adult Attachment Behaviors Scale AABS 26 Table 1 AABS 7) e.g., 7) AABS 2006 (e.g., Weiss, 1982) 2006

6 Table 1 AABS a) F1 F2 F3 F4 F1: a (1.30) b) 2.63(1.28) 2.50(1.32) F2: a (1.26) 3.54(1.22) 3.43(1.28) F3: a (1.33) 3.81(1.43) 3.87(1.30) F4: a (1.46) 4.33(1.38) 4.77(1.48) F1 F2 F3 F4 F2.36 F F a) AABS Table 1 b) (SD) t F4 (t(367) 2.60, p.01)

7 ) 1 Table 1 AABS AABS AABS AABS (Table 1) % a (Table 1) F1 F2 F1 8) 12 AABS F2 2 F3 F4 (F3) (F4) AABS 4 t SD Table 1 F4 (t(367) 2.60, p.01 F4 9) (2004) ECR 2 2 (r.06, ns.) 6 ECR AABS 9) F4

8 Table 2 ECR AABS a) b) r b R R 2 F F1: (O) F (2, 371) 28.12** (S).36**.36** F2: (O).22**.20** F (2, 371) 31.97** (S).33**.31** F3: (O).34**.35** F (2, 371) 36.59** (S).21**.23** F4: c) (O).57**.58** F (2, 371) 98.65** (S).11*.14** (O).59**.58** F (2, 100) 33.07** (S).27**.14** (O).57**.58** F (2, 263) 67.06** (S).05.08** a) r b R 2 ** p.01, * p.05 b) O S O S 4 c) N 103 N 266 (Table 2) 1-1 F3 F4 2-1 F1 F2 F2 F3 (Table 2) F2 F AABS 4 RQ 4 4 Tukey HSD (Table 3) 1-2 F3 F4 F4 2-2 F1 F2

9 289 a) b) Table 3 RQ AABS (SD) (N 94) (N 19) (N 176) (N 79) c) F F1: M 2.23 b 2.33 ab 2.79 a 2.46 ab F (3, 364) 4.40** (SD) (1.19) (1.27) (1.37) (1.22) F2: M 2.95 b 3.40 ab 3.67 a 3.58 a F (3, 364) 7.41** (SD) (1.04) (1.16) (1.31) (1.24) F3: M 4.11 a 3.03 b 4.06 a 3.29 b F (3, 364) 10.35** (SD) (1.32) (1.31) (1.27) (1.30) F4: M 5.13 a 3.36 b 4.94 a 3.73 b F (3, 364) 25.27** (SD) (1.22) (1.13) (1.33) (1.52) M 4.78 a 2.93 b 4.78 a 3.36 b F (3, 97 ) 11.87** (SD) (1.19) (0.97) (1.23) (1.30) M 5.30 a 3.64 bc 4.99 ac 3.80 b F (3, 258) 15.84** (SD) (1.22) (1.21) (1.37) (1.54) a) Tukey HSD 5% e.g., a b a bc e.g., a a b bc ** p.01 F1 F3 (SD) b) c) F2 F1 (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) (1) (2) (1) 6

10 IWM (Brennan et al., 1998) e.g.,, 2 1 (hypervigilant) (e.g., Mikulincer, Florian & Tolmacz, 1990) 2 (Brennan et al., 1998) i.e., 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991) 1 (e.g., Feeney, 1999; Kobak, 1994) 2 3 (1) (2) 2 F1 (e.g., Kato, 1995)

11 291 Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, Bowlby, J. 1969/1982 Attachment and loss. Vol. 1. Attachment. England: Penguin Books. Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships. NY: The Guilford Press. Pp Brennan, K. A., & Shaver, P. R Dimensions of adult attachment, affect regulation, and romantic relationship functioning. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21, Collins, N., & Feeney, B. C A safe haven: An attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, Feeney, J. A Adult romantic attachment and couple relationships. In J. Cassidy, & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications. NY: The Gulford Press. Pp Fraley, R. C., Davis, K. E., & Shaver, P. R Dismissingavoidance and the defensive organization of emotion, cognition, and behavior. In J. A. Simpson, & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships. NY: The Guilford Press. Pp Fraley, R. C., & Shaver, P. R Airport separations: A naturalistic study of adult attachment dynamics in separating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, Fraley, R. C., & Spieker, S. J An infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? Developmental Psychology, 39, Hazan, C., & Shaver, P Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, , Kato, K An analysis of amae processes and interactions: A review and a proposal of process models. Journal of Cognitive Processes and Experiencing, 4, Bartholomew 4 RQ 7, Kobak, R Adult attachment: A personality or relationship construct? Psychological Inquiry, 5, Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Tolmacz, R Attachment styles and fear of personal death: A case study of affect regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, Mikulincer, M., Florian, V., & Weller, A Attachment styles, coping strategies, and posttraumatic psychological distress: The impact of the Gulf War in Israel. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64, , , , , , Weiss, R. S Attachment in adult life. In C. M. Parkes, & J. Stevenson-Hinde (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior. NY: Basic Books. Pp

12 Adult Attachment Styles Reflect Differences in the Patterns of Attachment Behavior Tatsuma NAKAO and Kazuo KATO Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2006, VOL. 14 NO. 3, This study examined validity of the theoretical assumption that adult attachment researchers have implicitly held: Adult attachment styles reflected corresponding patterns of attachment behavior in adults. A questionnaire, including adult attachment style scales and Adult Attachment Behavior Scale, which we developed for this study, was administered to 378 undergraduates. Main findings were as follows: When adult attachment behavior was classified into Direct type, which expressed security seed directly, and Indirect type, which expressed security need indirectly, due to over-preoccupation with appropriate adjustment of psychological distance between self and others, low Avoidance participants engaged more frequently in Direct attachment behavior, whereas high Anxiety participants engaged more frequently in Indirect behavior. These results were also found in the analysis using 4-category attachment styles. The findings were interpreted to demonstrate validity of the implicit assumption described above. Key words: patterns of attachment behavior, attachment style, adult, Adult Attachment Behavior Scale

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