ＩＴの経済分析に関する調査
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- さみ とみもと
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1 14 IT
2 IT TFP GDP
3 1. toc tob 82
4 1
5 1 IT vintage model Perpetual inventory method 3 K i t = I i t +(1 d i i 1 )I t 1 +(1 d i i 2 )I t (1 d i i si )I t si i i K j1.2.. I
6 1 NIPA:National Income Product Accounting.3.2. NIPA NIPA 1 3 BEABureau of Economic 2 1
7 Analysis computers an d peripheral equipment software communications equipment scientific instruments photographic and photo processing equipment 1987 U.S.SIC Census Bureau 1999Statistical Abstract of the United States: IT Information TechnologiesIndustries y NIPA 93SNA BEA Robert Parker Recognition of Business and Government Expenditures for Software as Investment: Methodology and Quantitative Impact, ( ) 3 Prepackaged software ( ) Custom software Own-account software( ) BEA SNA ,1097 3
8 4
9 NAICS(North ation System) American Industry Classific 5
10 Computer Terminals POS ATM POS ATM 6.9 NAICS I T 1997NAICS Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical Systems and Instrument Manufacturing 1987SIC 1997NAICS NAICS Telephone Apparatus Manufacturing SIC 3661 Telephone and Telegraph Apparatus Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing NAICS 6
11 7
12 SNA Commodity flow method + 2 2,
13 GDP 1980 GDP PPI prepackaged applications software PPI 9
14 1-6 NIPA net stock PI perpetual inventory method K i t = I i t +(1 d i i 1 )I t 1 +(1 d i i 2 )I t 2 i i K j1.2.. I +...+(1 d i i si )I t si K t = i Σ m K t i = service time and depreciation rate BEA 10
15 6 11
16 2. IT 2.1. IT 2001 IT IT IT IT 12
17 13
18 2.2. IT 2001 IT 5,549 IT IT 14
19 2.3. IT 2001 IT / IT IT 3 15
20 16 16
21 IT
22 IT / /
23
24 (Cobb-Douglas Production Function) Y a β gt = A e 0 KLK 1 2 α + β+ γ 1 γ logy = a 0 +λt+ αlogk 1 + βlogl +(1 α β)logk 2 log Y Y Y Y K = 2 K 2 =. =1 α β log K 2 K 2 K2 Y 19
25 dy = Y dk 1 Y K Y + Y L dl Y + Y dk 2 + λ 1 K2 Y =α dk 1 + β K dl 1 L +(1 α β)dk 2 + λ K 2 dy = Y dk 1 Y K 1 Y + Y L dl Y + K Y dk 2 2 Y + λ 1 1+ K = K + K K = (1 + η) K + (1 + δ) K 1 2 = K + ηk + δk 1 2 K1 K2 = K(1 + η + δ ) K K = K(1 + η(1 Z) + δz ) K = K(1 + η+ ( δ η) Z) K K : : Z : 20
26 7 Y = A e K L λt α 1 α In( y/ L) = λt+ αin( K/L) = λt+ αin( K (1 + η+ ( δ η) )/L) = λt+ αin( K/L) + αin(1 + η+ ( δ η) ) λt+ αin( K/L) + α( δ η) + αη λt+ αin( K/L) + θ+ c 8 d(in( y/ L) αin( K/L)) dz = λ+ θ dt dt TFP [a,b] TFP Ua,b TFP 9 U ab, = b a θ dz = θ a b 21
27 In( y / L ) = αin( K /L ) + (1 α β)in( K /L ) + c+ u, u IN(0, σ ) it, it, 1, it, it, 2, it, it, it, it, i i: i In( y / L ) = λt+ αin( K /L ) + θz + c+ u, u IN(0, σ ) it, it, it, it, it, it, it, i i: i 22
28 23
29 AR(1) first-order autoregressive processes Beach and Mackinnon
30 25
31 26
32 X = I (1 M)A 1 (I M)F d X : A : M : F d :
33
34
35 1. 1 y= ( K, L, t) t α β = AK L, α + β = 1 y : K : L : t :IT K = K + K 1 2 K = (1 + η) K + ( 1 + δ) K 1 2 = K + ηk + δk 1 2 K1 K2 = K(1 + η + δ ) K K = K(1 + η(1 Z) + δz) K = K(1 + η+ ( δ η) Z) K K 1 2 : : Z :
36 3 In( y/ L) = λt+ αin( K/L) = λt+ αin( K (1 + η+ ( δ η) )/L) = λt+ αin( K/L) + αin(1 + η+ ( δ η) ) λt+ αin( K/L) + α( δ η)+ αη λt+ αin( K/L) + θ+ c 3 4 d(in( y/ L) αin( K/L)) dz = λ+ θ dt dt 5 In( yit, / Lit, ) = λt+ αin( K it, /Lit, ) + θzit, + c+ uit,, uit, IN(0, σi) i: i 5 30
37 TFP TFP [a,b] TFP Ua,b TFP 6 U ab, b = θ dz a = θ a b 2. 1 / / / / GDP 31
38 3. SNA SNA 32
39 (1.1) it, i, jt, j= 1 : n = Q Q i, j, t i t / / 33
40 () D0, D1, D2... Dt 6 34
41 Dt = δit + δ(1 δ) It + δ(1 δ)... (1 ) (1 ) It δ δ It 5 + δ δ It Dt 1 = δit 1+ δ(1 δ) It 2 + δ(1 δ) It δ(1 δ) It 6 + δ(1 δ) It 7 1 δ 6 Dt = δ( It + Dt 1 (1 δ) It 7) δ 1 δ δ ( It + Dt 1) δ (1.2) 1 It = ( Dt (1 δ ) Dt 1) δ (1.2)
42 (1.2) i r + s r, r, r, r... r i,1 i,2 i,3 i,4 i, t s, s, s, s... s... i,1 i,2 i, 3 i,4 i, t it, jt, (1.3) x = Iin, (1 + r + p ) (1 + r + p ) (1 + r + p ) I I it, it, it, it, 1 it, 1 i,1 i,1 n n i, n α I α I I I x x in, in, + 5 in, + 5 in, in, in, + 5 it, i it, = +. αit,, αit, = αin, αin, + 5 αin, αin, + 5 σ x i, t, i t t t + 5, n {1980,1985,1990,1995}, x = I σ x xx i, t i in, 36
43 (1.4) I I 5 in, + 5 in, Iit, = Iin, + n t I i, t ( ) t < t < t, n n n+ 5 {1980,1985,1990,1995} r, r, r, r... r i,1 i,2 i,3 i,4 i, t NHK 37
44 i x, x, x... x..., x, x i,80 i,81 i,82 i, t i,99 i,00 ' ' ' ' I i,80, I i,85, I i,90, I i,95 80 t < 85 t z it, ' I i,85 ' ' I i,80 + I i,85 xit, = 2 ( xi,80 + xi,85) /2 z ' it, I i,80 Iit, = Ii,.. t 1 z z it, 1 i,85 zi, ,90 ',80,85 i ' i ' ' I + I xi,85 I i,85 + I i,90 xi,85 zi,85 = ( + )/2 2 ( x + x )/2 2 ( x + x )/2 i,80 i,85 i,85 i,90 r t = n I it, i= 1 SNA t I I, I, I... I..., I, I i,80 i,81 i,82 i, t i,99 i,00 zi,80, z i,81, zi,82... zi, t..., zi,99, zi,00 1 () / / 38
45 () 2 1 vintage model K = I + (1 δ) I + (1 δ) I + (1 δ) I K 2-1 it, it, it, 1 it, 2 it, +1 it, 39
46 40
47 41
48
49 43
50
51 45
52 6. GDP log (Y i, t / L i, t)=λt + α log (K i, t / L i, t)+θz i, t + c, ( 1) α + β =1 log (Y i, t / L i, t)=α log (K 1 i, t / L i, t)+γ log (K 2 i, t / L i, t)+c (2) α + β + γ =
53 6.3. TFP TFP TFP TFP TFP TFP
54 6.4. GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP 48
55
56 49
57 GDP SNA
58 GDP 51
59
60 53
61 8 SIC
62
63 56
64 57
65 58
66 GDP 2001 GDP 64.3 GDP 21.5 GDP GDP GDP GDP 59
67 GDP GDP 60
68 GDP GDP 61
69 GDP GDP 62
70 GDP 63
71
72 65
73 66
74 GDP
75 68
76 69 GDP SNA SNA SNA GDP Web
77
78 71
79 GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP 72
80 GDP GDP GDP 73
81
82 75
83 GDP GDP / 1178 / 1027 / / 1699 / GDP 76
84 77
85 X = f (L, K, Z, T) X : L : K : Z : T : df X = f L dl + f dk f + dz f + X K X Z X T dt X df X = L f dl X L L + K f X K dk K +Z f X Z dz Z +T f X T dt T ( L L 1 =1,etc.) θ X = Tf(θ L, θ K, θ Z ) L f X L + K f X K + X Z f Z =1 dt = dx T X αdl L β dk K γ dz Z =(α +β + γ ) dx X αdl L β d K K γ dz Z = α ( dx X dl L )+β (dx X dk )+γ (dx X dz Z ) K = α d (log X L )+β d (log X ) K +γ d (log X Z ) ( α +β + γ =1) 78
86
87
88 BtoC 14 1 BtoC X X = BtoC j i i, j i, j i, j i, j BtoC P u r C j {1, 2}, i {1, 2,...9} : P : u : r C: j i 15 ( ) 14 BtoB 1 5, ,
89 BtoB X w c b BtoB( C ) : = X BtoC w w w b c
90 X = X ia i X : i i : i a i ( ) 5, ,222 BtoB 59 9, BtoB 83
91 5-4 BtoB 84
シリコンバレーとルート128における地域産業システムのその後の展開―経営学輪講 Saxenian (1994)
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13 13.1 O r F R = m d 2 r dt 2 m r m = F = m r M M d2 R dt 2 = m d 2 r dt 2 = F = F (13.1) F O L = r p = m r ṙ dl dt = m ṙ ṙ + m r r = r (m r ) = r F N. (13.2) N N = R F 13.2 O ˆn ω L O r u u = ω r 1 1:
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微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです.
微分積分 サンプルページ この本の定価 判型などは, 以下の URL からご覧いただけます. ttp://www.morikita.co.jp/books/mid/00571 このサンプルページの内容は, 初版 1 刷発行時のものです. i ii 014 10 iii [note] 1 3 iv 4 5 3 6 4 x 0 sin x x 1 5 6 z = f(x, y) 1 y = f(x)
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145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2
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変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy, z + dz) Q! (x + d x + u + du, y + dy + v + dv, z +
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e-mail : kigami@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp December 28, 28 Contents 2............................. 3.2......................... 7.3..................... 9.4................ 4.5............. 2.6.... 22 2 36 2..........................
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