巻末技術論文 高性能マグネシウム合金の溶接 接合技術 高性能マグネシウム合金の溶接 接合技術 Welding and Joining Technology of Mg Alloys with Superior Mechanical Properties 廖金孫 * 山本尚嗣 * 中田一博 ** Ji

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1 巻末技術論文 Welding and Joining Technology of Mg Alloys with Superior Mechanical Properties 廖金孫 * 山本尚嗣 * 中田一博 ** Jinsun Liao, Naotsugu Y amamoto, Kazuhiro Nakata 本研究では 強ひずみ加工による結晶粒微細化の手法を利用して開発した高強度 高耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金の溶接 接合技術の確立を目的とし 摩擦攪拌接合 摩擦攪拌スポット接合 抵抗スポット溶接 ティグ溶接およびファイバーレーザ溶接を用いて 高強度 高耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金の溶接性を市販マグネシウム合金と比較しながら評価を行い 継手効率が高い溶接 接合方法および条件を検討した その結果 高強度 高耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金に対して 継手効率が85 ~ 91% の摩擦攪拌接合条件 引張せん断荷重が8.9 knのスポット接合条件 溶接欠陥のないティグ溶接条件とその方法 継手効率が89% のファイバーレーザ溶接条件および これらの継手強度の支配因子を明らかにすることができた 上述の研究成果により 開発した高強度 高耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金のみならず 市販マグネシウム合金に対してもそれらの溶接 接合技術をほぼ確立できたと考えられる In o rd e r to e s ta b lis h th e w e ld in g a n d jo in in g te c h n o lo g y o f m a g n e s iu m a llo y s w ith s u p e rio r m e c h a n ic a l p ro p e rtie s, w h ic h w e re produced via grain refining processes through severe plastic deformation, the weldability of these magnesium alloys was evaluated a n d c o m p a re d to th a t o f c o m m e rc ia l m a g n e s iu m a llo y s b y u s in g fric tio n s tir w e ld in g (F S W ), fric tio n s tir s p o t w e ld in g (F S S W ), resistant spot welding (RSW), tungsten inert gas arc welding (TIG) and fiber laser beam welding (FLBW) processes. The suitable welding process and welding conditions were also discussed. For the FSW, the welded joint with the welding efficiency of is obtained. For the FSSW and RSW, the welding c onditions by which the shear tensile force of the welded joints is as high as. kn are determined. For the TIG welding, the proper welding conditions are achieved, by which welding defects can be prevented. For the FLBW, the welded joint has a welding efficiency of, and the factor controlling joint strength is demonstrated. From the a b o v e re s u lts, it is c o n c e iv a b le th a t th e w e ld in g a n d jo in in g te c h n o lo g y fo r b o th th e d e v e lo p e d m a g n e s iu m a llo y s w ith s u p e rio r mechanical properties and the commercial magnesium alloys is established. 1. 緒言 - * 技術開発本部材料技術開発部 ** 大阪大学接合科学研究所 高性能マグネシウム合金 2.1 高強度マグネシウム合金 Hall-Petch y k d クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

2 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) y d k E C A P E q u a l- C h a n n e l A n g u la r P r e s s in g A R B Accumulative Roll Bonding Roller Compact Process RCP RCP RCP RCP AZ B μm RCP AZ B μm Mg Al RCP AZ B nm nm EBSD Electron Backscatter Dif fraction RCP AZ B RCP AZ B RCP AZ B 図 1 鋳造材および RCP 処理後の AZ31B のミクロ組織 (RCP: 50 回 ) 図 2 AZ31B 鋳造材 一般押出材および RCP 処理材の機械的性能の比較 45

3 巻末技術論文 2.2 高耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金 High Reduction Rolling HRR HRR RCP RCP RCP RCP HRR RCP RCP HRR HRR HRR AZ B AZ B μm HRR AZ B. μm HRR 3. マグネシウム合金の摩擦攪拌接合 The W elding Institute TWI Friction Stir W elding : FSW FSW FSW Mg 図 3 AZ31B の HRR 処理材と一般押出材のミクロ組織 図 4 AZ31B の HRR 処理材と一般押出材の機械的特性 46 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

4 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) 3.1 実験方法 FSW Shoulder Probe I A d v a n c in g S id e A S R e tre a tin g S id e R S FSW RCP RCP AZ B RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B mm mm mm X. N s 3.2 実験結果および考察 RCP ZAXE FSW FSW mm min mm min mm min AS RS mm min X, min - mm min, min - mm min a Stir zone SZ Thermo mechanically af fected zone TMAZ b c e SZ SZ SZ AS RS 図 5 摩擦攪拌接合 (FSW) の模式図 表 1 供試材料の化学組成 Chemical compositions mass Alloy Al Zn Fe Mn Ca La Mg RCP A Z B..... Bal. RCP ZAXE.... Bal. HRR AZ B.... Bal. 表 2 接合ツールの材質と寸法および接合条件 W elding tool W elding condition Material SKD Rotation speed,,,, min Dia. of shoulder mm W elding speed,,,,,,, mm min Dia. of probe mm Down force.,. kn Length of probe. mm Angle of tool - 図 6 FSW 継手の外観写真 (RCP ZAXE1713 合金 ) 47

5 巻末技術論文 図 7 FSW 継手の外観写真 (RCP ZAXE1713,1,000 min mm/min), min - mm SZ. mm HV SZ.. mm HV min Hall-Petch TEM μm LaAl. μm La Al SZ nm SZ nm 図 8 FSW 接合部の結晶粒サイズと硬さ分布 (RCP ZAXE1713,1,000 min mm/min) 図 10 FSW 継手の機械的性能 (RCP ZAXE1713,1,250 min -1 ) 図 9 FSW 継手の機械的性能 (RCP AZ31B,1,250 min -1 ) 図 11 FSW 継手の機械的性能 (HRR AZ31B,1,250 min -1 ) 48 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

6 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ), min - RCP AZ B RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B FSW RCP AZ B, min - mm min MPa AS HAZ HAZ SZ F S W E B S D F S W, m in - m m m in A Z B RCPZAXE, min - mm min MPa, min - mm min MPa SZ HAZ HRR AZ B mm min MPa AS HAZ HAZ SZ FSW FSW Friction Stir Spot W elding FSSW FSSW RSW 4.1 実験方法 FSSW RSW 図 12 摩擦攪拌点接合 (FSSW) 模式図 4. マグネシウム合金のスポット溶接 Resistant Spot W el ding RSW 図 13 抵抗スポット溶接 (RSW) 模式図 49

7 巻末技術論文 AMX HRR AZ B HRR AZ B AMX P mm mm mm FSSW RSW 図 14 接合試験片およびせん断引張試験片の形状と寸法 4.2 実験結果および考察 難燃性マグネシウム合金のFSSW 表 3 供試材料の化学組成 Chemical compositions mass Alloy Al Zn Fe Mn Ca Si Mg AMX. <..... Bal. 図 15 FSSW 継手の外観 (AMX602) 表 4 FSSW 接合ツールの材質と寸法および接合条件 W elding tool W elding condition Material SKD Rotation speed min Dia. of shoulder, mm Down force.,. kn Dia. of probe mm Angle of tool Length of probe. mm W elding time s - 表 5 RSW 電極の材質と寸法および溶接条件 Electrode W elding condition Material Cu-Cr alloy W elding current - ka shape Dome W elding time cycles Dimension R- W elding force.,. kn 図 16 FSSW 継手断面のマクロ組織 (AMX602) 50 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

8 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) mm FSSW SZ mm s. kn mm. kn s a b SZ TMAZ c d SZ SZ mm. kn s SZ HV SZ SZ μm μm mm mm mm s. kn 図 18 FSSW 継手断面の結晶粒径と硬さの分布 (AMX602) ( ショルダ径 :15 mm, 圧入荷重 :9.80 kn, 接合時間 :10 s) 図 17 FSSW 継手断面のミクロ組織 (AMX602) (a) 継手断面マクロ組織 (b)sz と TMAZ 境界ミクロ組織 (c) 母材ミクロ組織,(d)SZ 部ミクロ組織 ( ショルダ径 :15 mm, 圧入荷重 :9.80 kn, 接合時間 :10 s) 図 19 FSSW 継手のせん断引張試験結果 (AMX602) 51

9 巻末技術論文 s mm. kn s. kn s. kn. kn mm FSSW 難燃性および耐衝撃性マグネシウム合金の RSW AMX RSW AMX RSW HRR AZ B RSW cycles ka AMX b c HAZ d e TEM Al Ca cycles ka mm HV Al Ca 図 20 RSW 継手の断面マクロ写真 (AMX602) 図 21 RSW 継手断面のミクロ組織 (AMX602) ( 溶接電流 :22 ka, 加圧力 :6.86 kn, 溶接時間 :12 cycles) 図 22 RSW 継手断面における硬さ分布 (AMX602) ( 溶接電流 :31 ka, 加圧力 :6.86 kn, 溶接時間 :12 cycles) 52 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

10 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) cycles.. kn AMX RSW a ka.. kn b a. kn ka cycles. kn. kn b ka ka ka cycles. kn. kn cycles. kn HRR AZ B AZ B RSW a ka. kn b HRR AZ B HRR AZ B b AZ B HRR AZ B cycles AZ B 図 23 AMX602 合金の RSW 継手引張せん断力 ((a) 溶接電流の影響,(b) 溶接時間の影響 ) 図 24 市販 AZ31B 合金および耐衝撃性 HRR AZ31B 合金の RSW 継手の引張せん断力 ((a) 溶接電流の影響,(b) 溶接時間の影響 ) 53

11 巻末技術論文 A mm min X 図 25 RSW 継手の引張せん断力と接合面積との関係 5. マグネシウム合金のティグ溶接 TIG TIG RCP TIG 図 26 ティグ溶接時の試験片固定方法 5.1 実験方法 TIG DA P Hz DCEN Hz. mm YN- C S RCP RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B mm mm mm RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B ZAXE AZ. mm 54 図 27 ティグ溶接の開先形状と寸法 表 6 溶接添加棒の種類 Materials for welding RCP ZAXE RCP AZ B W elding rod RCP ZAXE AZ クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

12 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) 表 7 溶接添加棒の化学組成 Chemical compositions mass Materials Al Zn Mn Si Fe Ca La AZ..... ZAXE Al La Al Ca TEM Dia. of electrode W elding current 表 8 溶接条件 W elding voltage W elding speed Flow rate of shielding gas. mm A V mm min min 5.2 実験結果および考察 RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B TIG X X RCP ZXAE HRR AZ B HRR AZ B TIG RCP ZAXE TIG B.M. HAZ W.M. μm 図 29 HRR AZ31B 溶接部断面マクロ組織 図 28 ティグ溶接部の外観と X 線透過試験結果 図 30 高強度 RCP ZAXE1713 合金のティグ溶接部断面のミクロ組織 55

13 巻末技術論文 EDX Al La Al La Al Ca Al Ca Al La Al La RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B TIG RCP ZAXE TIG MPa MPa HRR AZ B TIG MPa MPa HRR AZ B AZ Al TIG HRR AZ B RCP TIG HRR AZ B P HRR AZ B Beadon-Plate X 6. マグネシウム合金のファイバーレーザ溶接 HRR AZ B 図 31 RCP ZAXE1713 合金ティグ溶接部のミクロ組織 表 9 ティグ溶接継手の引張試験結果 Material T ensile strength MPa Fracture location Bond or weld metal RCP ZAXE Experimental data Bond Bond or weld metal A verage W eld metal HRR AZ B Experimental data W eld metal W eld metal A verage 6.1 実験方法 kw mm TIG mm mm 56 図 32 ファイバーレーザ溶接模式図 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

14 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) Parameter Bead-on-plate welding Butt welding Laser output ~ kw kw W elding speed ~ m min m min Dia. of fiber. mm. mm Dia. of beam. mm. mm Shielding gas Ar Ar Flow rate of surface shield gas min min Angle of surface shielding gas º º Flow rate of back shielding gas min min Focus distance mm mm Focus position Surface of plate Surface of plate Declination angle of laser beam º forwa rd º forward 6.2 実験結果および考察 HRR AZ B Bead-on-Plate kw m min m min kw 表 10 レーザ溶接条件 m min kw X kw m min m min kw m min Bead-on- Plate W.M. HAZ EG CG TIG kw m min m min kw Bead-on-Plate. mm kw m min kw kw kw m min EBSD m min m min m min kw m min HRR AZ B MPa MPa 図 33 ファイバーレーザによる Bead-on-Plate 溶接部外観と X 線透過試験結果 57

15 巻末技術論文 図 34 高耐衝撃性 HRRAZ31B 合金のファイバーレーザ Bead-on-plate 溶接部断面のマクロとミクロ組織 図 35 ファイバーレーザによる Bead-on-plate 溶接継手の機械的性能に及ぼす溶接速度 (a) とレーザ出力の影響 (b) 図 36 ファイバーレーザによる突合せ溶接部の外観 58 クリモト技報 No.60(2011 年 1 月 )

16 クリモト技報 No.60 (2011 年 1 月 ) 表 11 レーザ溶接突合せ継手の引張試験結果 T ensile strength MPa Y ie ld s tre n g th M P a Elongation Fracture location. W eld metal Experiment data. W eld metal. W eld metal A verage. 7. 結言 RCP RCP AZ B RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B FSW AZ B FSW AMX.. kn AZ B HRR AZ B.. kn RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B TIG RCP RCP ZAXE HRR AZ B HRR AZ B 参考文献 p -. p -. V ol. No., p -. J in s u n L ia o M a k o to H o tta K a n ta r o K a n e k o a n d K a ts u y o s h i K o n d o h S c rip ta M a te ria lia V o l., P. -. V ol. No., p. -. J insun Liao Naotsugu Y amamoto and Kazuhiro Nakata Metallur gical and Materials T ransactions A: V olume, Issue, P. -. V ol., No., p -. L. Y u K. Nakata N. Y amamoto and J. Liao Materials Letters V ol., Issue, p -. 執筆者廖金孫 Jinsun Liao Mg 山本尚嗣 Naotsugu Y amamoto 中田一博 Kazu hiro Nakata 59

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