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1 35 Articles ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO ISO WTO ISO14000 ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 OHSAS ISO14001 ISO TQC TQM ISO TQM ISO ISO ISO

2 36 Economic Review The effect and subject of introducing environmental system ISO Research FellowReiji Takeishi Preface. Introduction. Active use of ISO system. Development of ISO system The environmental management system defined by the IS series requires that an organization have a structure for continuous improvement. Promotion of standardization by ISO as an international standard will have an influence on the competitive power of industry in Japan. Standardization is a crucial matter, and it is said that who controls a standard commands the world. Japanese companies should aim first to control the de facto standard in market competition, and subsequently control the de jure standard that is recognized by international organizations. The introduction of ISO by each organization serves as a breakthrough and promotes the riskconscious thinking of Common Law. There are plans to unify the operation of IS and OHSAS and 18002, which relate to labor management, and ISO 9000, which deals with product quality. Organizations must improve their legal skills and cannot avoid adopting the views of risk management that are common to the European and American styles so that restrictions can be placed on demands from consumers. While ISO standards request top-down decisions, they also require continued improvement of the bottom up submission of opinions for improvement. It could be said that now is the best opportunity to convey to the world the know-how that Japanese companies have cultivated through TQC and TQM (total quality control). Japanese companies that improve performance through introducing ISO standards will build and employ management systems that are accepted throughout the world market. Therefore, Japan should actively tackle ISO introduction and its practical use. Its response to globalization means acceptance of and active participation in international standards. Turning back is no longer possible, following the progression of international standardization and ISO introduction by Japanese companies. Rewarding results have definitely been obtained from taking active steps to adopt ISO standards.

3 37 ISOInternational Organization for Standardization TC207 ISO14000 ISO14000 ISO14001 Environmental Management System EMS ISO ISO ,450 ISO14000 ISO14001 ISO ISO14001 ISO ISO ,450 ISO14000 JAB JACO ISO14001 ISO 10 ISO ISO14000 ISO ISO ISO14001

4 38 Economic Review ISO 2001 ISO14001 ISO14001 JAB ISO JAB

5 ISO ,174 ISO ISO14001 ISO , , ISO 600 ISO14001 ISO , ISO ISO ISO ISO 1,281 6,450 ISO14001

6 40 Economic Review ISO , ISO ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO ISO

7 41 ISO ,897 ISO14001 EMAS ISO14001 EMAS ISO14001 ISO ,992 2,300 1, ISO14001 EU EMAS 2,607 ISO , EMAS ISO14001 ISO14001 EMAS ,261 2,400 2,010 1,444 1,420 1,370 1, , ,509 3,829 ISO World ISO14001 EMAS , ISO

8 42 Economic Review ISO EMAS EMAS ISO14001 ISO ,897 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO9000 ISO p.30 ISO ISO ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO ISO JAB ISO ISO9000 ISO9000 JAB

9 43 25 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO9000 ISO 11ISO9000 Jan-93 Jun-94 Dec-95 Dec-96 Dec-97 Dec-98 Dec-99 Dec ,577 36,825 52,595 53,099 56,696 58,963 63,700 63, ,960 8,762 12,613 18,581 24,987 33,054 35, ,470 10,236 12,979 20,656 24,055 30,150 32, ,008 4,814 7,321 12,134 18,095 21,069 30, ,406 5,698 8,245 15,109 25, ,668 3,710 8,834 7,252 10,547 14,170 22,833 24, ,060 3,762 7,247 6,487 8,613 14,564 21, ,049 3,359 5,536 8,079 11,920 14,194 16,028 17, ,806 7,729 11,533 15, ,492 2,496 4,268 6,412 8,699 12,576 27,816 70, , , , , , ,631 ISO

10 44 Economic Review ISO9000 ISO ISO9000 TQM ISO ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO 2001 p.87 ISO ISO ISO ISO 2001 p.97 ISO 2001 p.171

11 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO 2001 ISO

12 46 Economic Review ISO TQM TQM TQM ISO14001 ISO ISO p.1007 ISO ISO ISO14001 TQM QC TQM 1999 pp.1011 LCA 1012 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO

13 47 ISO14001 H11 H11.11 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO ISO ,200 ISO ISO14001 ISO p ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO 12 ISO14001 ISO ISO

14 48 Economic Review ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO 2000 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO9000ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO14001

15 49 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO ISO TC176 TC207 ISO9000 ISO14000 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO14000 BSIBritish Standard Institute OHSAS OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety System ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO

16 50 Economic Review ISO9001 ISO ISO ISO14001ISO9000 ISO14001ISO9000 ISO9000 QS9000 TL9000 AS9000 ISO13485 ISO p p.289 ISO14001 ISO

17 51 ISO 2001 p.48 ISO14001 express terms ISO14001 implied terms ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9004 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO 2000 ISO ISO PDCA ISO14001 ISO OHSAS ISO9000 ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO p.13 ISOIEC TR13335 Consumer Expectation Tests

18 52 Economic Review ISO ISO10006 ISO14001 ISO ISO 15ISO 1987 ISO9000 BS5750 ISO ISO14001 BS7750 OHSAS18001 BS8800 OHSAS18002 ISO/IECTR13335 BS7799 Integrated Management Systems Assessment ISO10006 ISO14004 ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO TC176 ISO W/G ISO/IEC

19 53 ISO14000 ISOIEC International Electrotechnical Commission TR13335TR Technical Report ISO14001 ISO14000 ISO9000 OHSAS WTO WTO WTO 2001 p.124 TBT 17 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade 17 ISO14000 EMS

20 54 Economic Review WTO ISO ISO JIS TBT Technical Regulations Standards ISO WTO WTOTBT NTB JIS 8,000 2,000 ISO JIS JIS ISO JIS ISO ISO ISO p.184

21 55 ISO JIS JIS ISO JIS JIS 19 ISO9000 NPO ISO ISO ISO ISO

22 56 Economic Review ISO ISO JIS ANSIAmerican National Standard Institute ISO ANSI ISO ISO ISO ISO CEN European Committee for Standardization 2000 p.8 IEC CENELECEuropean Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization ISO CEN CENELEC 1997 MRAMutual Recognition Agreement

23 57 Wilson 1995 p.143 MRA 90 JIS ISO ISO EU ISO MS DOS 90 TQM JIS ISO 90 Strategic Standardization de facto

24 58 Economic Review de jure VHS 10 ISO ISO ISO JIS ISO ISO ISO 20 ISOJIS ISO14001 ISO9000 ISO10006 ISO14001

25 59 ISO ISO ISOIEC13335 OHSAS ISO1999 pp ISO14000 BP ISO14001 ISO 2001 ISO14001ISO ISO ISO 2000 ISO 2001ISO14001 TQC TQM 1996 ISO ISO ISO14001 ISO OHSAS PDCA TQM ISO 2001CEAR Vol ISO14001 TQM 1998a ISO ISO ISO14001

26 60 Economic Review b ISO ISO c ISO ISO ISO ISO BP ISO ISO14000 BP 2001 ISO BP 2001 ISO ISO9000 s 26 g00608aj.pdf 2000 ISO / ISOTC ISO JIS Q9000 Wilson, John S Standards and APEC: An Action 1999JIS 64 Agenda Institute for International Economics 1999ISO14001 JACOhttp:// JQAhttp:// JAB ISO ISO14001PHP ISO14000 URL JAB ISO14000 BP I ISO ISO World ISO9000 JEMAI

27 61 CEREShttp:// US EPAhttp:// CEAR Center of ISO14000 Information Centerhttp:// Environmental Auditors Registration APEC /link.html LMJ Japan ISO ISO NPO ISOhttp:// IEChttp:// ISO TC207http:// IAF IATCA International Audit and Training Certification Associationhttp:// EARA EMAShttp://

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