Œ¼‘ÌŒ¢’Ý™è-1

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Œ¼‘ÌŒ¢’Ý™è-1"

とよみかなり
4 years ago
Views:

1 65 Bull. Natl. Inst. Fruit Tree Sci. : 65 5, New Japanese Persimmon Cultivar Yubeni Masahiko YAMADA, Hiroyasu YAMANE, Akio KURIHARA, Kenji NAGATA, Akihiko SATO, Teruo KISHI, Ryoji MATSUMOTO, Katsuichi YOSHINAGA, Nobuyuki HIRAKAWA, Hiroshi IWANAMI, Manami KAKUTANI, Toshiharu OZAWA, Toshiaki SUMI, Toshio HIRABAYASHI, Kitsuo KANATO and Ikuko NAKAJIMA Department of Grape and Persimmon Research, National Institute of Fruit Tree Science National Agricultural Research Organiation, Akitsu, Hiroshima 9-9, Japan Summary Yubeni is a new non-astringent cultivar of Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) released by the Persimmon and Grape Research Center (presently the Department of Grape and Persimmon Research) of the National Institute of Fruit Tree Science, Akitsu, Hiroshima, Japan, 199. The fruit is distinguished by its red skin color and excellent eating quality. Yubeni resulted from the cross Matsumotowase-Fuyu F- made in 19. F- is a selection from the cross Jiro Okugosho. It was primarily selected at Akitsu in 1985, designated as Kaki Akitsu-11, and has been tested using top-grafting technique at locations in prefectures under the fourth persimmon regional trial initiated in The Yubeni fruit is flat shaped, weighing on an average of -8 g (similar to or little less than Fuyu fruit), and ripens in mid to late November. The skin is deep reddish orange, having value 8 in the Color Chart for Fuyu (Yamaaki and Suuki, 198, Bull.Fruit Tree Res. Stn. A:19-), more reddish than leading commercial cultivars in Japan such as Fuyu, Jiro, Hiratanenashi, Saijo, and Atago. The flesh is moderately fine, and juicy. Soluble solids content in juice is 1.8% in average, little higher than Fuyu. The number of seeds in fruit is few,.8 in average. The fruit is of pollination constant and non-astringent type, in which the deastringency in fruit occurs naturally and stably on tree irrespective of the number of seeds contained in fruit when the tree is grown in warm areas. Its adaptable area is similar to Fuyu. The fruit

2 66 physiological disorder (fruit cracking at calyx end, cracking at stylar end, and skin blackening) is rare, and comparable to Fuyu. Its shelf life is long (about two weeks), similar to Fuyu. The tree is moderately vigorous, and intermediate between upright and spreading in shape. It does not produce male flower. The number of female flowers is less than Fuyu. The trees treated with flower thinning show little physiological fruit dropping in the early fruit developmental stage in June and July. However, occasional fruit dropping has been observed in some locations in the late fruit developmental stage in August and September. Key words: Diospyros kaki, fruit breeding, fruit quality, reddish fruit skin, persimmon, pollination constant non-astringent Diospyros kaki Thunb. pollination variant pollination constant Hume Pollination variant pollination constant pollination constant Yamada, 199pollination constant a 1991b pollination constant pollination constant 19 F- Fig. 1 pollination constant F- pollination constant Matsumotowase-Fuyu Yubeni Jiro F Okugosho Fig. 1. Pedigree of Yubeni Japanese persimmon.

3 Table Table 1. Institutes and their locations where the regional trial of Yubeni was carried out. Institute (location) Z Gunma Hort. Exp. Stn. (Auma, Gunma) Chiba Hort. Exp. Stn. (Tateyama, Chiba) Tokyo Metro. Agr. Exp. Stn. (Tachikawa, Tokyo) Kanagawa Pref. Agr. Res. Institute (Hiratsuka, Kanagawa) Yamanashi Fruit Tree Exp. Stn. (Yamanashi City, Yamanashi) Nagano Nanshin Agr. Exp. Stn. (Takamori, Nagano) Niigata Agr. Res. Institute, Hort. Res. Center (Seiro, Niigata) Toyama Agr. Res. Center, Fruit Tree Expt. Stn. (Uou, Toyama) Fukui Pref. Hort. Exp. Stn. (Mihama, Fukui) Shiuoka Pref. Citrus Exp. Stn. Deciduous Fruit Tree Br. (Hamamatsu, Shiuoka) Aichi-ken Agr. Res. Center, Hort. Inst. (Nagakute, Aichi) Aichi-ken Agr. Res. Center, Toyohashi Agr. Res. Center (Toyohashi, Aichi) Gifu Agr. Res. Center (Gifu City, Gifu) Mie Agr. Res. Center, Iga Agr. Res. Center (Ueno, Mie) Osaka Pref. Agricultural and Forestry Res. Center (Habikino, Osaka) Nara Pref. Agr. Expt. Stn. Nara Fruit Res. Center (Nishiyoshino, Nara) Wakayama Fruit Tree Exp. Stn. Kihoku Br. (Kokawa, Wakayama) Hyogo Pref. Agr. Inst. (Kasai, Hyogo) Tottori Hort. Expt. Stn. Kawahara Branch (Kawahara, Tottori) Shimane Agr. Expt. Stn. (Iumo, Shimane) Hiroshima Pref. Agr. Res. Center, Fruit Tree Res. Inst. (Akitsu, Hiroshima) Natl. Inst. Fruit Tree Sci., Persimmon Grape Res. Center (Akitsu, Hiroshima) Yamaguchi Agr. Exp. Stn. (Yamaguchi City, Yamaguchi) Tokushima Fruit Tree Exp. Stn. Kenhoku Br.(Kamiita, Tokushima) Kagawa Pref. Agr. Exp. Stn. Fuchu Branch(Sakaide, Kagawa) Ehime Fruit Tree Exp. Stn. (Matsuyama, Ehime) Kochi Agr. Res. Center (Kochi City, Kochi) Fukuoka Agr. Res. Center, Inst. of Hort. (Chikushino, Fukuoka) Saga Agr. Fruit Tree Exp. Stn. (Ogi, Saga) Kumamoto Pref. Agr. Res. Center, Fruit Tree Res. Inst.(Matsubase, Kumamoto) Oita Pref. Agr. Res. Center(Usa, Oita) Miyaaki Agr. Expt. Stn.(Sadowara, Miyaaki) Z Name in 199.

4 Fig m 5.5 m mm Yamada et al., 199 Kolmogorov- Smirnov Pijk Gi Yj GYij Tik Eijk PijkGii Yjj GYiji j Tiki k Eijki j

5 69 k Pij Gi Yj Eij Pij Gii Yjj Eiji j 1 Table Table 98 g Table. Tree and bearing characteristics of Yubeni, Iu, Matsumotowase-Fuyu and Fuyu at NIFTS, Akitsu ( ). Cultivar Yubeni Tree vigor Tree shape between spreading and upright Leafing y April 19 Blossoming x June Number of female flowers w Not enough enough t Physiological fruit drop Early stage v (June to July) Late stage u (August and later) Much Iu Low between spreading and upright April 1 June Many Matsumotowase-Fuyu Spreading April 1 June Many Fuyu Spreading April 18 June Many Mean values for 199 to 1996 and for 199 to 199 are shown for leafing and other quantitative traits, respectively. For test cultivars, female flowers were thinned under 1 leaf/flower ratio, and fruits were thinned under leaf/fruit ratio after the physiological fruit drop during June to late July. y Date in which to % of the basal leaves fold out on the top of shoots. x Date in which more than 8% of female flowers blossom out. w Number of female flowers are classified into: Not enough (standard cultiavars: Shogatsu, Zenjimaru), (Maekawa-Jiro, Nishimurawase, Saijo), and Many (Iu, Fuyu, Hiratanenashi) v : less than %, : 5%, Much: more than 5%. u : less than 5%, : 5 %, Much: more than %. t In case of evaluations that differ from year to year, two evaluations ranging over the fluctuations are shown connected with.

6 Table. Fruit characteristics of Yubeni, Iu, Matsumotowase-Fuyu and Fuyu at NIFTS, Akitsu ( ) (1). Cultivar Harvest Fruit weight (g) Fruit skin color y Shallow concentric cracking on fruit skin Soluble solids content Flesh texture x Brown specks in flesh Astringency Yubeni Iu Matsumotowase-Fuyu Fuyu Nov. 1 a w Oct. 1 b Nov. 6 c Nov. a 98 a 1 b 68 a a 8. a 6. b 6.5 b 6.9 b 1.8 a 15.9 b.9 c. bc Dense Dense Few Few Few Few Significancy v Among cultivars Among years Cultivar year interaction Between trees Mean values for 199 to 199 are shown for leafing and other quantitative traits. In case of evaluations that differ from year to year, two evaluations ranging over the fluctuations are shown connected with. For test cultivars, female flowers were thinned under 1 leaf/flower ratio, and fruits were thinned under leaf/fruit ratio after the physiological fruit drop during June to late July. y Color Chart value (Yamaaki and Suuki, 198, Bull.Fruit Tree Res. Stn. A: 19-). x Classified into three classes: Dense (Satandard cultivar: Hiratanenashi, Shinshu), (Fuyu), and Coarse (Nishimurawase). w Mean separation using least significant differences at P.5. v, *, ** Nonsignificant or significant at P.5, or P.1 in analysis of variance (ANOVA) whose model is shown below. Pijk Gi Yj (GY)ij Tik Eijk Pijk : the performance in the kth tree of the ith cultivar in the jth year, : overall mean, Gi : the effect of the ith cultivar, Yj : the effect of the jth year, (GY)ij : the interaction betwen the ith cultivar the jth year, Tik : the effect of the kth tree within cultivar, Eijk : residual. Table. Fruit characteristics of Yubeni, Iu, Matsumotowase-Fuyu and Fuyu at NIFTS, Akitsu ( ) (). Cultivar Juiciness y Seeds per fruit cracked at stylar end cracked at calyx end with a darkened fruit skin Shelf life w (Days) Yubeni Iu Matsumotowase-Fuyu Fuyu Juicy Juicy Juicy.8 a.6 b. c 5. c a 9 b 18 a 1 a 18. a. b 18.5 a.8 a Significancy v Among cultivars Among years Cultivar year interaction Between trees See Table (1) y Classified into three classes: Juicy (standard cultivar: Fuyu), (Maekawa-Jiro), and Not juicy (Suruga). w Number of days at room temperature for which the fruit were more than 5% marketable. v See Table (1) except for shelf life. ANOVA model for shelf life is shown below. Pij Gi Yj Eij Pij : the performance of the ith cultivar in the jth year, : overall mean, Gi : the effect of the ith cultivar, Yj : the effect of the jth year Eij : residual. 9 Table Table Table Table 5

7 1 Table. Tree and bearing characteristics of Yubeni in a regional trial ( ). Location Gunma Chiba Tokyo Kanagawa Yamanashi Tree vigor Low medium Tree shape y Upright Upright Leafing April 19 April April 1 March Blossoming May May 8 May May 8 May Number of female flowers Physiological fruit drop Early stage (June to July) Not enough Not enough Many Many Late stage (August and later) Much Nagano Niigata Toyama Shiuoka Aichi-Nagakute Upright April April April 18 June 11 June 1 June 5 May 6 May Not enough Not enough Many Not enough Not enough Aich-Toyohashi Gifu Mie Osaka Wakayama Spreading Spreading Upright April April 19 April 1 April 1 May 6 May May 9 May Not enough Not enough Not enough Hyogo Tottori Shimane Hiroshima NIFTS-Akitsu Spreading Spreading April April 5 April 1 April 19 May 9 June 1 June 1 June 1 June Not enough Many Not enough Much Yamaguchi Tokushima Kagawa Ehime Kochi high Upright Spreading April 1 April 1 April 18 April 5 May 1 May May 5 June 6 May Not enough Not enough Fukuoka Saga Kumamoto Miyaaki Upright Upright Upright April 11 April 1 April 9 April May May 5 May 1 May 18 Not enough Not enough See Table for the evaluation of each trait. y between upright and spreading. Table Pij Gi Lj Eij PijGii Ljj Eiji j 1 Table Table

8 Table 5. Fruit characteristics of Yubeni in a regional trial ( ). Location Harvest Fruit weight (g) Fruit skin color Astringency Soluble solids content Seeds per fruit cracked at stylar end cracked at calyx end with a darkened fruit skin Shelf life (days) Gunma Chiba Tokyo Kanagawa Yamanashi Nov. 9 Nov.1 Nov. Nov Nagano Niigata Toyama Shiuoka Aichi-Nagakute Nov. 1 Nov. 1 Nov. 5 Nov. Nov Aich-Toyohashi Gifu Mie Osaka Wakayama Oct. 9 Nov. 15 Nov. 1 Nov. 15 Nov Hyogo Tottori Shimane Hiroshima NIFTS-Akitsu Nov. Nov. Nov. 1 Nov. 15 Nov Yamaguchi Tokushima Kagawa Ehime Kochi Nov. 1 Nov. 6 Nov. 1 Nov. Nov Absen Fukuoka Saga Kumamoto Miyaaki Nov. Nov. Nov. 11 Nov Absen Average Nov See Table for the evaluation of each trait

9 Table 6. Comparisons of performance in several traits between Yubeni and Fuyu in a regional trial ( ). Cultivar Leafing Blossoming Harvest Fruit weight (g) Fruit skin color Soluble solids content Seeds per fruit cracked at stylar end cracked at calyx end with a darkened skin Shelf life (days) Yubeni Fuyu April 1 April May 8 May 8 Nov. 1 Nov Significancy y Between cultivars Among locations Number of locations in which data were analyed in ANOVA See Table for the evaluation of each trait. y ANOVA model is shown below. Pij Gi Lj Eij Pij : the performance of the ith cultivar in the jth location, : overall mean, Gi : the effect of the ith cultivar, Lj : the effect of the jth location, Eij : residual. 5mm Table Table 618 g 8 g 1 g 1 g Table

10 pollination constant 19 pollination constant g Pollination constant : pp.6. Hume, H. H A kaki classification. J. Heredity 5 : : : 1-1, pp.195 Yamada, M Persimmon breeding in Japan. Japan Agr. Res. Quart. : -. 8Yamada, M., H. Yamane, K. Yoshinaga and Y. Ukai Optimal spatial and temporal measurement repetition for selection in Japanese persimmon breeding. HortScience 8 : a. 19 : b. : : : 15-.

11 5 Fig.. Fruiting shoots (A) and fruit (B) of Yubeni Japanese persimmon.

New Apple Cultivar Kitaro Junichi SOEJIMA, Yoshio YOSHIDA, Tadayuki HANIUDA, Hideo BESSHO, Tetsuo MASUDA, Sadao KOMORI, Shichiro TSUCHIYA, Yuji ITO, T

New Apple Cultivar Kitaro Junichi SOEJIMA, Yoshio YOSHIDA, Tadayuki HANIUDA, Hideo BESSHO, Tetsuo MASUDA, Sadao KOMORI, Shichiro TSUCHIYA, Yuji ITO, Tetsuro SANADA, Kazuyuki ABE, Yoshiki KASHIMURA and