Development of Induction and Exhaust Systems for Third-Era Honda Formula One Engines Induction and exhaust systems determine the amount of air intake

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Development of Induction and Exhaust Systems for Third-Era Honda Formula One Engines Induction and exhaust systems determine the amount of air intake supplied to the engine, and as such are critical

1 Development of Induction and Exhaust Systems for Third-Era Honda Formula One Engines Induction and exhaust systems determine the amount of air intake supplied to the engine, and as such are critical elements affecting engine output. In addition, the layout of the induction and exhaust systems affects the vehicle s aerodynamic performance, and so it must be considered together with vehicle development. At first, there were few CAE software and computer resources available, and induction and exhaust system components were produced by measurement and guesswork so that development was largely performed on a trial and error basis, but in recent years, the 3D- CAD and CAE software has advanced so quickly, and computer resources have expanded so much, that development is done by simulation. The enhanced phenomenon elucidation and forecast precision have made it possible to shorten the time it takes to determine specifications and reduce development costs. Fig. 1 Fig. 1 Engine with complete induction and exhaust

2 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 3 ABX CFD result Fig. 2 Damaged air filter Fig. 4 Total pressure distribution at inlet to ABX

Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 F1 Special (The Third Era Activities) Fig. 5 Fig.

5 CFD result of ABX inlet on chassis (150 kph) a (i) 2004 ABX splitter (ii) Local

7 Schematic view of ABX splitter 300 Torque [Nm] 250 200 Without ABX and without

3 Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 F1 Special (The Third Era Activities) Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 (i) Fig. 7 (ii) Fig. 8 Fig. 5 CFD result of ABX inlet on chassis (150 kph) a (i) 2004 ABX splitter (ii) Local splitter for V8 Fig. 7 Schematic view of ABX splitter 300 Torque [Nm] Without ABX and without splitter With ABX and without splitter With ABX and with splitter Engine speed [rpm] Fig. 6 Schematic view of VIS system Fig. 8 Effect of splitters

4 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 9 Picture of test ABX and inserts Fig. 10 Additional air inlet on engine cover

5 Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 F1 Special (The Third Era Activities) Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 (b) (a) Fig. 12 CFD result of 2004 inlet port Lower Upper Base Minimal flow resistance Less fuel sticking Fig. 11 Influence of shape around valve seat (Left : Parallel Valve Right : Compound valve) Fig. 13 Fuel sticking area with inlet port when conscious of flow (middle)

Fig. 14 Ps [kw] 10 8 6 4 2 0 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 17000 18000 19000-2 -4-6 V8 on dyno Single cylinder engine on dyno -8 (correlated to V8) -10 Engine speed [rpm] Fig.

6 Fig. 14 Ps [kw] V8 on dyno Single cylinder engine on dyno -8 (correlated to V8) -10 Engine speed [rpm] Fig. 14 Ps of inlet port on V8 and single cylinder engines Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Mach number Mach number at throat of exhaust port (single cylinder) Mach number at throat of exhaust port (V8) Exhaust valve lift Crank angle [deg] Fig. 15 Calculated mass flow of exhaust port Exhaust valve lift Tail Collector For dyno Primary Fig. 16 F1 exhaust system (right-hand side for car)

7 Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 F1 Special (The Third Era Activities) Fig. 17 A Section AA A Fig. 17 Stepped primaries Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 18 Forward exhaust system Fig. 19 Backward exhaust system

Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 20 Casting collector Fig. 23 Fig.

[kw] 10 5 0-5 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000

AA With internal wall Without internal wall Fig.

8 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 20 Casting collector Fig. 23 Fig. 21 Compact exhaust system Difference from standard exhaust [kw] Engine speed [rpm] A A Section AA With internal wall Without internal wall Fig. 22 Performance of compact exhaust system Fig. 23 Cross-sectional view of collector

24 Test exhaust system -100 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000 Engine speed [rpm] Fig.

9 Honda R&D Technical Review 2009 F1 Special (The Third Era Activities) Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig Throttle opening rate % 35% Standard exhaust Balance pipes Torque [Nm] % 10% 4% 14% Fig. 24 Test exhaust system Engine speed [rpm] Fig. 27 Torque characteristics at partial throttle Difference from standard exhaust [kw] Fig. 25 Balance pipes Balance pipes Engine speed [rpm] Fig. 26 Performance of balance pipes and 4-2-1

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008 stress behavior at the joint of stringer to cross beam of the steel railway bridge 1115117 1..FEM FEM 3. 4. ABSTRACT 1. BackgroundPurpose The occurrence of fatigue crack is reported in the joint of