インドネシア国営アブラヤシ農園におけるプラスマ農園の再植 西カリマンタン州サンガウ県の事例から * The Replanting Problems of Plasma Estates in the Indonesian State-Owned Oil Palm

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1 インドネシア国営アブラヤシ農園におけるプラスマ農園の再植 西カリマンタン州サンガウ県の事例から * The Replanting Problems of Plasma Estates in the Indonesian State-Owned Oil Palm Estate: A Case in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province Hayashida Hideki* Abstract Around 1980 the Indonesian government launched a program of oil palm plantation development led by state-owned plantation enterprises with some project finance. The program was named Nucleus Estates and Smallholders (NES) Projects and was funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. In the early 1980s some state-owned enterprises constructed several oil palm estates in West Kalimantan Province under the NES scheme, almost all of which were located in Sanggau Regency. These estates are currently facing replanting problems, since the oil palm trees there are 25 to 30 years old and inevitably less productive. In the estates owned by smallholders, plasma farmers who have their estates near the nucleus estates owned by plantation companies, the replanting problems are more serious than companyowned plantations because of smallholders difficulty with financing. In this paper, the author aims to introduce the results of field research regarding the replanting problems on plasma estates owned by smallholders by focusing on one state-owned oil palm estate in Sanggau Regency. For some years after 2007, the Revitalization Program of Estates was implemented in those estates. The program aimed to subsidize a part of the interest imposed on plasma farmers on loans for the revitalization of their old or damaged estates. The implementation of the program, however, was not smooth. The program was not a success because of the inefficiency of the so-called United Management System as a way to manage plasma smallholders estates after replanting, and because the loan program for replanting did not take account of the estate owners financial capacity. Alternatives to the Revitalization Program would be possible if those factors were improved. Keywords: smallholders oil palm estate, replanting, United Management System, Indonesia, West Kalimantan * The Institute for the Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, Doshisha University, Karasuma-higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-shi , Japan hhayashi@mail.doshisha.ac.jp DOI: /tak.55.2_

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3 Parindu 13 Program Revitalisasi Perkebunan PIR 4 II 2000 III 13 PTPN XIII IV 3) Kementerian Pertanian 2006 Ditjen Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian ) PT Perkebunan VII 8 294

4 V 2. Andriati dan Wigena 2011 Hidayati et al Analytic Hierarchy Process Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process kelompok tani NGO Andriati dan Wigena 2011:

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12 PIR-Trans PIR-Bun Kredit kepada Koperasi Primer untuk Anggotanya KKPA PIR 1980 PIR-Bun 1990 KKPA PIR-KKPA PTPN XIII 4 PIR-Bun PIR-KKPA PIR 1 4 PIR-Bun 5,046.7 ha 1,091.0 ha PIR-Bun Program Revitalisasi Perkebunan 13 PIR-Bun PIR-KKAP PIR-Bun 11) PIR-Khusus PIR 1980 PIR-KKPA PIR-Bun 12) KKPA Bank Indonesia ; ) 3 14)

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14 25 PTPN XIII Kebun Revittalisasi Kebun Revit. 4 PIR-Bun 20,614 ton ,894 ton 1 ha 2 ton / ha 235 ha ha ,143 ton ton/ ha/ 5.6 ton/ha/ ha 1,091.0 ha 1,894 ton 12.6 ton/ha/ 6.3 ton/ha/ 2 15) ton 305

15 55 2 PTPN XIII ton/ha/ 8.6 ton/ha/ PTPN XIII 2014: 69 PTPN XIII ,874 PIR 1 2 ha PIR-Bun 2, PTPN XIII IV 16) ) 2 ha 306

16 PTPN XIII Pola Satu Manajemen PSM PSM PTPN XIII 1. PTPN XIII 2007 PTPN XIII ,091 ha Koperasi Unit Desa KUD KUD 1 KUD KUD KUD desa PIR kelompok tani 18 PTPN XIII KUD 5 KUD PTPN XIII KUD 5 Rindu Sawit Sawit Permai PIR-Bun KUD PIR-KKPA 18) fee 307

17 KUD* ha Rindu Sawit PIR-Bun ,481 2,891.9 PSM ,091.0 Sawit Permai PIR-Bun ,066 2,154.7 Sawit Harapan Tani* PIR-KKPA Sawit Karya Mandiri* PIR-KKPA Taminses* PIR-KKPA , ,874 7,655.8 PTPN XIII * Sawit Harapan Tani, Sawit Karya Mandiri, Taminses 3 desa PIR-KKPA KUD Koperasi Perkebunan=Kop-Bun 1999 Rindu Sawit ha ) PIR-Bun PIR-Bun 308

18 6 KUD Rindu Sawit ha ha , , PTPN XIII 20 3 KUD Rindu Sawit PSM PTPN XIII KUD avalis 22 20) PTPN XIII 21) Kementerian Pertanian 2006 VI ) Kementerian Pertanian 2006 III 10 c 309

19 ha 1 * 19,437, ,496, , ,060,898 22,278, ,834,259 54,113,164 PTPN XIII * 3 2. PSM PSM PSM 1 PSM PSM 50 PTPN XIII 24 PTPN XIII PTPN XIII PSM 23) 50 PTPN XIII KUD ) PSM PTPN XIII 310

20 PTPN XIII PSM 3 3 PSM 1 PTPN XIII PSM PSM PSM PTPN XIII PSM PTPN XIII PSM 2 3 PSM PSM KUD Rindu Sawit PTPN XIII 1 KUD Sawit Permai PTPN XIII PSM Rindu Sawit PTPN XIII PSM Rindu Sawit 2011 KUD PSM Rindu Sawit PSM 1 1 KUD Rindu Sawit 1 KUD Rindu Sawit 2 K D KUD 311

21 K D Rindu Sawit ha CU* KUD Rindu Sawit K D * credit union Afdeling IB 2.3 ha 2010 PSM 2 PTPN XIII 2 PSM PTPN XIII 2 PSM PSM PSM 2 K D PSM 2008 K D ha 4 ha 6 ha KUD 25) ha 16 ha 4 ha 312

22 PSM ton 2,500 PSM K D KUD Sawit Permai KUD Sawit Permai PSM PSM PTPN XIII 2 1 PSM PTPN XIII PTPN XIII PSM 2 PSM PTPN XIII dididik PSM 4. PSM PSM Rindu Sawit Sawit Permai PSM Rindu Sawit PTPN XIII PSM KUD 313

23 55 2 PSM 30 PSM PIR PSM Rindu Sawit Rindu Sawit KUD Demplot Demonstrasi Plot 27 Sosialisasi 3. 1 K D Afdeling IB kelompok tani=poktan 1 35 Demplot 10 K D PSM 22 3 Demplot Afdeling IA Poktan 5 Demplot Rindu Sawit Rindu Sawit CU 28 Lantan Tipo KUD PSM 1,091 ha 1,800 ha ,018 ha CU avalis KUD PTPN XIII CU 26) PTPN XIII Kementerian Pertanian 2006 VI ) 28) 8 314

24 Pola Swakelola Pola Satu Manajemen CU KUD Rindu Sawit Rindu Sawit PSM 1,091 ha Pola Swakelola 1,018 ha 800 ha Demplot CU Rindu Sawit PSM V PSM PSM PTPN XIII 119 ha 2002 PTPN XIII Pelaihali 2,010 ha 29) Rindu Sawit K D 315

25 55 2 PSM PSM 30 PSM 2 K D K D Rindu Sawit PSM 60 PSM KUD PTPN XIII KUD KUD PTPN XIII 5 5 KUD Sawit Karya Mandiri KUD KUD Pekebun Binaan Kebun Binaan 9 PTPN XIII 31 PTPN XIII PTPN XIII 30) PTPN XIII PSM 31) PTPN XIII PTPN XIII KUD 2010 KUD 316

26 ha ton 7,656 42,992 78,019,732 9, , ,062,749 PTPN XIII ,753 ha II Rindu Sawit CU 32) PTPN XIII KUD 33) Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat 2015 PTPN XIII 3 3 Pihak III ,243 ha 13 ton 3 16,000 ha PTPN XIII 3 317

27 55 2 NGO PTPN XIII PTPN XIII KUD 2011 PTPN XIII Andriati dan Wigena, Gusti Putu Penguatan Aspek Kelembagaan Program Revitalisasi Perkebunan Peremajaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Plasma. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 29(2): Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). various issues. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia Statistik Indonesia. Bank Indonesia Surat Keputusan Direksi Bank Indonesia No.31/45/KEP/DIR Tahun 1998 tentang Kredit kepada Koperasi Perimer untuk Anggotanya. BPS Kabupaten Sanggau. 2015a. Kabupaten Sanggau Dalam Angka b. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten Sanggau Menurut Lapangan Usaha BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. various issues. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Menurut Lapangan Usaha Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. various issues. Perkebunan Dalam Angka Tahun Perkebunan Dalam Angka Berdasarkan Kecamatan Direktorat Jenderal (Ditjen) Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian Peningkatan Produksi dan Produktivitas Tanaman Tahunan, Pedoman Teknis Revitalisasi Perkebunan (Kelapa Sawit, Kakao, Karet) Tahun 2015 (Revisi) (4): No Hidayati, J.; Sukardi; Suryani, A.; Sugiharto; and Fauzi, A. M Optimization of Business Partners Feasibility for Oil Palm Revitalization Using Fuzzy Approach. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology 3(2): Kementerian Pertanian Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No.33/Permentan/OT.140 /7/2006 tentang Pengembangan 318

28 Perkebunan Melalui Program Revitalisasi Perkebunan. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) PTPN XIII Laporan Tahunan (Annual Report) a2b05ad645fd1b587.AR%20N13%202013%20print.pdf Laporan Tahunan (Annual Report) be9e4aabf481f3f634a.Annual-report-2014.pdf

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