インドネシア国営アブラヤシ農園におけるプラスマ農園の再植 西カリマンタン州サンガウ県の事例から * The Replanting Problems of Plasma Estates in the Indonesian State-Owned Oil Palm
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1 インドネシア国営アブラヤシ農園におけるプラスマ農園の再植 西カリマンタン州サンガウ県の事例から * The Replanting Problems of Plasma Estates in the Indonesian State-Owned Oil Palm Estate: A Case in Sanggau Regency, West Kalimantan Province Hayashida Hideki* Abstract Around 1980 the Indonesian government launched a program of oil palm plantation development led by state-owned plantation enterprises with some project finance. The program was named Nucleus Estates and Smallholders (NES) Projects and was funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank. In the early 1980s some state-owned enterprises constructed several oil palm estates in West Kalimantan Province under the NES scheme, almost all of which were located in Sanggau Regency. These estates are currently facing replanting problems, since the oil palm trees there are 25 to 30 years old and inevitably less productive. In the estates owned by smallholders, plasma farmers who have their estates near the nucleus estates owned by plantation companies, the replanting problems are more serious than companyowned plantations because of smallholders difficulty with financing. In this paper, the author aims to introduce the results of field research regarding the replanting problems on plasma estates owned by smallholders by focusing on one state-owned oil palm estate in Sanggau Regency. For some years after 2007, the Revitalization Program of Estates was implemented in those estates. The program aimed to subsidize a part of the interest imposed on plasma farmers on loans for the revitalization of their old or damaged estates. The implementation of the program, however, was not smooth. The program was not a success because of the inefficiency of the so-called United Management System as a way to manage plasma smallholders estates after replanting, and because the loan program for replanting did not take account of the estate owners financial capacity. Alternatives to the Revitalization Program would be possible if those factors were improved. Keywords: smallholders oil palm estate, replanting, United Management System, Indonesia, West Kalimantan * The Institute for the Study of Humanities & Social Sciences, Doshisha University, Karasuma-higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto-shi , Japan hhayashi@mail.doshisha.ac.jp DOI: /tak.55.2_
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26 ha ton 7,656 42,992 78,019,732 9, , ,062,749 PTPN XIII ,753 ha II Rindu Sawit CU 32) PTPN XIII KUD 33) Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat 2015 PTPN XIII 3 3 Pihak III ,243 ha 13 ton 3 16,000 ha PTPN XIII 3 317
27 55 2 NGO PTPN XIII PTPN XIII KUD 2011 PTPN XIII Andriati dan Wigena, Gusti Putu Penguatan Aspek Kelembagaan Program Revitalisasi Perkebunan Peremajaan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Plasma. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi 29(2): Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). various issues. Statistik Kelapa Sawit Indonesia Statistik Indonesia. Bank Indonesia Surat Keputusan Direksi Bank Indonesia No.31/45/KEP/DIR Tahun 1998 tentang Kredit kepada Koperasi Perimer untuk Anggotanya. BPS Kabupaten Sanggau. 2015a. Kabupaten Sanggau Dalam Angka b. Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Kabupaten Sanggau Menurut Lapangan Usaha BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. various issues. Kalimantan Barat Dalam Angka Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Menurut Lapangan Usaha Dinas Perkebunan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. various issues. Perkebunan Dalam Angka Tahun Perkebunan Dalam Angka Berdasarkan Kecamatan Direktorat Jenderal (Ditjen) Perkebunan, Kementerian Pertanian Peningkatan Produksi dan Produktivitas Tanaman Tahunan, Pedoman Teknis Revitalisasi Perkebunan (Kelapa Sawit, Kakao, Karet) Tahun 2015 (Revisi) (4): No Hidayati, J.; Sukardi; Suryani, A.; Sugiharto; and Fauzi, A. M Optimization of Business Partners Feasibility for Oil Palm Revitalization Using Fuzzy Approach. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology 3(2): Kementerian Pertanian Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No.33/Permentan/OT.140 /7/2006 tentang Pengembangan 318
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