8 P2P P2P (Peer-to-Peer) P2P P2P As Internet access line bandwidth has increased, peer-to-peer applications have been increasing and have great impact

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1 8 P2P (Peer-to-Peer) P2P P2P As Internet access line bandwidth has increased, peer-to-peer applications have been increasing and have great impact on networks. In this paper, we review traffic issues for peer-to-peer traffic growth, traffic measurement, traffic control, network design, and operation. And, we suggest sevaral issues for good harmonization between P2P technologies and the internet infrastructure. 1 IP P2P P2P CPU P2P P2P IP P2P Status and Traffic Issues of Peer-to-Peer Technology. Satoshi Kamei, NTT, NTT Service Integration Laboratories, NTT Corporation., Vol.22, No.3 (2005), pp [ ] P2P Napster Gnutella P2P IP P2P P2P P2P P2P 2 P2P

2 Vol. 22 No. 3 July P2P 3 P2P P2P 7 P2P 8 2 P2P 2. 1 P2P 1 P2P Groove ArielAirOne Skype VoIP P2P P2P P2P mp3 DSL html ftp CPU Napster 1999 P2P Napster [16] Napster Napster Napster P2P Gnutella 2000 Gnutella [10] Gnutella Napster Gnutella P2P Napster Gnutella Winny 2002 Winny [9] Winny Freenet [13] Freenet

3 10 Winny Winny P2P 1 Winny P2P Winny 2004 Winny Share Rodi 2. 2 P2P P2P P2P P2P Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Peer-to-Peer Research Group (P2PRG) [14] P2PRG P2P P2P P2P USENET NNTP BGP4 P2P 1 P2P 2. 3 P2P P2P IP P2P IP P2P (

4 Vol. 22 No. 3 July ) P2P P2P 1. P2P ( ) IP DNS 2. ( ) Gnutella Winny 3 P2P 3. 1 P2P P2P P2P CPU FastTrack [5] GnutellaNet P2P [7] P2P Freenet Winny (PC ) P2P 3. 2 P2P Napster Gnutella Winny 4 [27] P2P

5 12 P2P 4. 1 P2P DSL, CATV, FTTH [30] DSL IX (Internet exchange point) [31] DSL P2P P2P [23] ISP (HTTP) 16% P2P 3 P2P 2 [4] P2P ISP ISP 10Gbps ISP 4. 2 P2P TCP WAN TCP 100Mbps [15] P2P TCP TCP FTTH

6 Vol. 22 No. 3 July ISP 4. 3 [27] P2P IP End-to-End 4. 4 P2P [29] P2P HTTP P2P HTTP 1% 55% P2P 88% 4. 5 P2P 4. 6 [24] [28] (1)P2P (2)P2P (3)P2P / 3 (1) (2) (3) /

7 14 P2P / 5 P2P P2P [20] [12] P2P P2P IP TCP P2P [2] [21] P2P 7 [1] [6] Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Passive Fingerprinting [8] P2P [18] Napster P2P [22] [11] P2P [19] [17] Gnutella TTL Winny P2P P2P

8 Vol. 22 No. 3 July [26] P2P 2.3 P2P P2P tcpdump 1 1. P2P 1 1 P2P 2. P2P 3 3. P2P IP P2P P2P P2P P2P IP [25] P2P P2P 3 IP P2P

9 16 1 (P2P ) Application Unique IP Unique file file volume Winny TB Share TB Share Winny WWW IP 1 P2P # e+006 1e+008 1e+010 1e+012 file size (Byte) 2 P2P [26] Winny Gnutella Winny P2P Winny Share IRCache Project [3] Gnutella 6346 (gnutella-svc) 60% Winny % Winny 5. 1 P2P P2P Winny 120 M Share 920M 11.85K P2P 6. 4 P2P P2P (Winny, Gnutella)

10 Vol. 22 No. 3 July Winny 12,013 6,698 16,670 Gnutella , Winny 1 5 Gnutella P2P Winny 40% Gnutella 20% 60% 95% Gnutella (19 ) 2800 P2P ISP P2P P2P 4 P2P [28] ISP P2P P2P 7. 2 P2P 4. 6 P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P P2P End-to-End CDN

11 18 8 P2P P2P P2P [ 1 ] : ELLACOYA NETWORKS, ellacoya.com. [ 2 ] : Hack the KaZaA participation level, http: // [ 3 ] : IRCache Project, [ 4 ] : JaPan Internet exchange, co.jp/jp/. [5] : KaZaA, [ 6 ] : sandvine, [ 7 ] : SLYCK File Sharing News and Info, http: // [ 8 ] : Snort.org Signature Search, snort.org/cgi-bin/sigs-search.cgi?sid=p2p. [9] : Winny, SiliconValley/2949/. [10] : Gnutella, [11] Caspian Networks Inc.: P2P Control, &intPageID=193. [12] Fraleighh, C. et al.: Packet-Level Traffic Measurements from the Sprint IP Backbone, IEEE Network, Vol. 17, No. 6 (2003), pp [13] Clarke, I., Sandberg, O. and Wiley, B.: Freenet: A Distributed Anonymous Information Storage and Retrieval System, in Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies: International Workshop on Design Issues in Anonymity and Unobservability, LNCS2000, [14] IRTF Research Groups : Peer-to-Peer Research Group, [15] Nakamura, M., Inaba, M. and Hiraki, K.: Fast Ethernet is sometimes faster than Gigabit Ethernet on LFN, in PDCS2003, [16] Napster Inc.: [17] NETARC: P2PFinder, p2pfinder.html. [18] Plonka, D.: UW-Madison Napster Traffic Measurement, Napster/. [19] Saroiu, S., Gummadi, P. K. and Gribble, S. D.: A Measurement Study of Peer-to-Peer File Sharing Systems, in Multimedia Computing and Networking (MMCN), [20] Sen, S. and Wang, J.: Analyzing peer-to-peer traffic across large networks, in ACM SIGCOMM Internet Measurement Workshop 2002, [21] Sen, S., Spatscheck, O. and Wang, D.: Scalable In-Network Identification of P2P Traffic using Application Signatures, in13th international conference on World Wide Web, [22] Karagiannis, T., Broido, A., Faloutsos, M. and Claffy, K.: Transport Layer Identification of P2P Traffic, in IMC 04, [23], :IP,, NS ( ), (2003), pp [24],, : P2P,, CQ , (2003). [25],, : P2P,, Vol. 2003, p [26],,, : P2P, ( ). [27], : P2P,, CQ , (2002). [28],,,, : P2P, JANOG Meeting13, [29],, : web P2P,, Vol. J87-D1, No. 5 (2004), pp [30] :, johotsusintokei.soumu.go.jp/field/index.html. [31] :, 2004.

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スライド 1 JANOG 14 2004.07.23 NTT kamei.satoshi@lab.ntt.co.jp 1 Peer-to-Peer ISP P2P AS / Copyright 2004 NTT Corporation, All Rights Reserved 2 Peer-to-Peer ISP P2P AS Copyright 2004 NTT Corporation, All Rights