「再生可能エネルギー政策の『市場化』」

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1

2 Transmission System Operator : TSO 1 2

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6 BMWi (2014b), S.2, Abb Zielkorridor

7 MW 1, , , , , ,4002, , , , , , MW 1, , , ,4002, , , , , , , BMWi (2014b), S.2, Abb ,500MW 2,400 2,600MW 2,500MW 2,400 2,600MW ,500MW 800MW 100MW Atmender Deckel

8 kwh 4.95 kwh kwh 13.2 kwh 0.5 kwh

9 a b S P A P A P B P M P M P M P S=A+P S=A+P BM+P BM+P MW kW kW mkW 2 ab

10 a S S S P A A S P+ A 2 b P B B-P M anzulegende Wert M BP 1 P M P 2 P+M BP+M

11 B B P+M B M Bundesnetzagentur: BnetzA MW

12 MW MW MW MW Pay-as-Bid Uniform PricingPay-as-Cleared kw 10MW kw BMWi 2014c, S.5 3 BMWi 2014c, S.45

13 EU State AidEU GW 15 4Cap Super-Cap Cap Super-Cap 1GW 0.1 kwh 0.05 kwh 2014

14

15 kW Mayer et al

16 kwh kwh kwh kwh

17 a b C P* D S C P* P' D S S' O A E* O A B E*E' kwh Loreck, C. (2013), S.9, Abb.3. kwh

18 kwh 3 a P* E* OE* OA AE* 3 a OC OC OC OP* OC OP* CP* Differenzkosten 3 a kwh 1 OC 2 3 b OA OB OA OB 3 3 b OB

19 OB OB 3 b AB P* P' 3 b CP* CP' kwh kwh kwh

20 第 67 巻 第3号 TWh 2017 太陽光発電 量の 37 は 2013 年以降 に設置され た太陽光発 電設備由来 太陽光発電 量の 63 は 2012 年まで に設置され た太陽光発 電設備由来 年 第 4 図 2012 年から 2018 年における太陽光発電量の伸び 出所 Loreck (2013), S.24, Abb. 11. Mrd. 支 払 額 の 13 は 2013 年以降に設 置された太 陽光発電設 備由来 支 払 額 の 87 は 2012 年までに設 置された太 陽光発電設 備由来 年 第 5 図 2012 年から 2018 年における太陽光発電事業者に対する支払額の推移 出所 Loreck (2013), S.24, Abb

21 Loreck 2013, S kwh

22 Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 2011; Lutz u.a. 2014; Blazejczak et al Maier und Schmidt 2014, S.1617 UNIDEN kwh kwh 4.3 kwh 6.2 kwh

23 No No

24 Blazejczak, J. et al. (2014) Economic Effects of Renewable Energy Expansion : A Model- Based Analysis for Germany, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, pp Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie [BMWi] (2014a) Das Erneuerbare-Energien- Gesetz 2014 : Die wichtigsten Fakten zur Reform des EEG. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie [BMWi] (2014b) Reform des EEG : Wichtiger Schritt für den Neustart der Energiewende. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie [BMWi] (2014c) Eckpunkte für ein Anschreibungsdesign für Photovoltaik-Freiflächenanlagen. Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie [BMWi] (2014d) FAQ zur Verordnung der PV- Pilotausschreibung ( Freiflächenausschreibungsverordnung ). Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (2007) EEG The Future Renewable Energy Sources Act : The Success Story of Sustainable Policies for Germany. Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (2011) Renewably Employed : Short and Long-term Impacts of the Expansion of Renewable Energy on the German Labor Market. Frondel, M. et al. (2010) Economic Impacts from Promotion of Renewable Energy Technologies : The German Experience, Energy Policy, 38, pp Graichen, P. (2014) Zehn Fragen und Antworten zur Reform des Erneuerbare-Energien- Gesetzes 2014, Hintergrundpapier, Agora Energiewende. Häder, M., (2005) EEG Jobmotor oder Jobkiller?, EW, 104 (26), S Jacobsson, S. and V. Lauber (2006) The Politics and Policy of Energy System Transformation: Expanding the German Diffusion of Renewable Energy Technology, Energy Policy, 34, pp Loreck, C. (2013) Analyse der EEG: Umlage 2014, Öko-Institut e.v, Geschäftsstelle Freiburg und Büro Darmstadt. Lutz, C. u.a. (2014) Gesamtwirtschaftliche Effekte der Energiewende, Projekt Nr. 31/13 des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie, Gesellschaft für Wirtschaftliche

25 Strukturforschung mbh (GWS), Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universität zu Köln (EWI), und Prognos AG. Maier, M. und J. Schmidt (2014) Erneuerbare Energien: Ein Gewinn für den Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland, Renews Spezial, Ausgabe 72, Agentur für Erneuerbare Energie. Mayer, N. J. et al. (2015) Current and Future Cost of Photovoltaics: Long-term Scenarios for Market Development, System Prices and LCOE of Utility-Scale PV Systems, Fraunhofer ISE. Pregger, T., J. Nitsch und T. Naegler (2013) Long-term Scenarios and Strategies for the Deployment of Renewable Energies in Germany, Energy Policy, 59, pp

26 The Doshisha University Economic Review, Vol. 67 No. 3 Abstract Toru MOROTOMI, Marketization of Renewable Energy Policy: The Significance of the German Renewable Sources Act of 2014 The feed-in tariff system is a core instrument for renewable energy policy promotion. It has successfully contributed to the growth of renewable energy nearly all over the world, but it suffers the problem of cost expansion incurred by purchasing renewables at higher prices. The German Renewable Energy Sources Act of 2014 tackled this issue through a step-by-step reduction in remuneration/ feed-in tariffs as well as marketization of the renewable energy policy via direct selling, market premium, and auctioning. This paper discusses the significance of the Act and predicts that it will succeed in controlling the cost expansion issue.

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