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1 , Khantzian Albanese dependence addiction 2012 Carbonell, Guardiola, Beranuy, & Bellés, 2009 DSM-5 APA, Internet gaming disorder Internet addiction

2 self-medication hypothesis Khantzian, 1975 ; Khantzian & Albanese, Shaffer et al syndrome model of addiction Marks, 1990

3 IA IA Web Web IA IA 205

4 IA IA IA JIAT Young 1998 Internet Addiction Test IAT 2007 DSM-IV IA 60 IA JIAT JIAT 2 Diagnostic Questionnaire for Internet Addiction DQ ; Young, 1998 IA IA Twitter 6

5 7 YouTube 8 9 SNS mixi, GREE, Facebook Ten Item Personality Inventory TIPI-J BIS/BAS Ten Item Personality Inventory TIPI-J Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Big Five 5 2 TIPI BIS/BAS Behavioral Inhibition System BIS Behavioral Activation System BAS Gray BIS/BAS Scales Carver & White, BIS 7 2 BAS 4 3 BAS 5 4 BAS

6 4 1 Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11 th version BIS-11 ; Someya et al., EC Barratt Patton, Stanford, & Barratt BIS-11 Someya et al BIS ECRothbart, Ahadi, & Evans 2000 Adult Temperament Questionnaire EC EC BIS-11 EC

7 Piasecki, Richardson, & Smith IA IA IA IA

8 t Table 1 5 TIPI IA IA p.05 p.01 p.01 p.01 BIS/BAS BIS, BAS IA IA p.01 BAS IA IA p.01 p.05p.01 IA IA p.01 BIS-11 IA IA p.01 EC IA IA p.01 IA IA p.05p.01 IA IA p.01 IA IA p.01 IA IA p.05 IA IA p.05 p.01 IA IA IA IA

9 Table 1 IA IA IA n 51 IA n 188 df 237 t TIPI TIPI TIPI TIPI TIPI BIS BAS BAS BAS BAS * 5.32** 3.59** 4.55** ** 4.00** 2.65** 2.26* 4.85** ** BIS-11 EC EC EC EC ** 5.07** 3.48** 5.20** 4.46** * ** 4.09** 3.01** 2.36* * 3.09** 3.58** 5.47** 5.92** 4.81** 3.58** 3.42** *p.05 ; **p.01

10 , 38.55, 9.48, Figure TIPI 22 TIPI TIPI 26 EPI 31 BAS 1, 11 2, 126, SNS SNS

11 SNS SNS TIPI 22 TIPI 23 TIPI 24 TIPI 25 TIPI 26 EPI 27 BIS 28 BAS 29 BAS 30 BAS 31 BAS BIS EC 49 EC 50 EC 51 EC Figure 1

12 30 BAS 29 BAS 25 TIPI 27 BIS 24 TIPI 28 BAS 47 BIS EC 49 EC 50 EC 51 EC IA IA 5 TIPI-J IA IA 5 Big Five inventory 5 Engelberg & Sjöberg, McKenna & Bargh 1998 social

13 compensation BIS/BAS BIS BAS 2007BIS BAS Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Cloninger, Przybeck, & Svrakic, 1991 Ko et al Novelty Seeking ; NSHarm Avoidance ; HA Reward Dependence IA BIS, BAS BAS BIS IA IA Ko et al Morahan-Martin 2009 BIS BAS Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire Ko et al. 2006

14 Ko et al BIS-11 IA IA EC IA IA BIS-11 EC BIS-11 EC IA IA IA IA Piasecki et al IA Piasecki et al IA IA 1 TIPI TIPI TIPI EPI

15 BAS SNS SNS 1 SNS BAS McKenna & Bargh, Young, 1998

16 BAS BAS TIPI BIS TIPI BAS Khantzian, 1975 ; Khantzian & Albanese, Shaffer et al., 2004 IA IA IA IA IA IA

17 Web American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Carbonell, X., Guardiola, E., Beranuy, M., & Bellés A A bibliometric analysis of the scientific literature on Internet, video games, and cell phone addiction. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 97, Carver,C.S.,&White,T.L Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impeding reward and punishment : The BIS/BAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67, Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck T. R., & Svrakic D. M The tridimensional personality questionnaire : U.S. normative data. Psychological Reports, 69, Engelberg, E., & Sjöberg, L Internet use, social skills, and adjustment. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 7, Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann W. B., Jr A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, Khantzian, E. J Self selection and progression in drug dependence. Psychiatry Digest, 10, Khantzian, E. J. & Albanese, M. J Understanding addiction as self medi-

18 cation : Finding hope behind the pain. Maryland : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. E. J. M. J EPI 18, Ko, C., Yen, J., Chen, C., Chen, S., Wu, K., & Yen, C Tridimensional personality of adolescents with Internet addiction and substance use experience. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, Marks, I Behavioural non-chemical addictions. British Journal of Addiction, 85, McKenna, K. Y. A., & Bargh, J. A Coming out in the age of the Internet : Identity demarginalization through virtual group participation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, , Morahan-Martin, J Internet use and abuse and psychological problems. In A. N. Joinson, K. Y. A. McKenna, T. Postmes, & U. Reips Eds. Oxford handbook of Internet psychology. Oxford Handbooks Online, Doi : /oxfordhb/ JIAT 46, Ten Item Personality Inventory TIPI-J 21, Patton,J.H.,Stanford,M.S.,&Barratt,E.S Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, Piasecki,T.M.,Richardson,A.E.,&Smith,S.M Self-monitored motives for smoking among college students. Psychology of addictive behaviors, 21, Rothbart,M.K.,Ahadi,S.A.,&Evans,D.E Temperament and personality : Origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, Shaffer, H. J., LaPlante, D. A., LaBrie, R. A., Kidman, R. C., Donato, A. N., & Stanton, M. V Toward a syndrome model of addiction : Multiple expressions, common etiology. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 12, R&D

19 2010 pp Someya, T., Sakado, K., Seki, T., Kojima, M., Reist, C., Tang, S. W., & Takahashi, S The Japanese version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, 11 th version BIS-11 Its reliability and validity. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 55, , Gray BIS/BAS 15, EPI SSS 39, , Young,K.S Caught in the Net : How to recognize the signs of Internet addiction and a winning strategy for recovery. New York : John Wiley & Sons.

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