Tezukayama RIEB Discussion Paper Series No. 7 地方政府間の距離が財政調整に対する態度に与える影響 - 独裁者ゲーム実験からの示唆 - 竹本亨 小川一仁 高橋広雅 鈴木明宏 伊藤健宏 帝塚山大学 関西大学 広島市立大学 山形大学 岩手県立大学 経済学部 社

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1 Tezukayama RIEB Discussion Paper Series No. 7 地方政府間の距離が財政調整に対する態度に与える影響 - 独裁者ゲーム実験からの示唆 - 竹本亨 小川一仁 高橋広雅 鈴木明宏 伊藤健宏 帝塚山大学 関西大学 広島市立大学 山形大学 岩手県立大学 経済学部 社会学部 国際学部 人文学部 総合政策学部 2013 年 11 月 Tezukayama University Research Institute for Economics and Business Tezukayama, Nara , Japan

2 (1) (2) (C) : takemoto@tezukayama-u.ac.jp kz-ogawa@kansai-u.ac.jp htaka@intl.hiroshima-cu.ac.jp asuzuki@human.kj.yamagata-u.ac.jp t itoh@iwate-pu.ac.jp 1 (1998) (2005) 2 (2003) 1

3 (Kahneman, Knetsch and Thaler (1986)) 2 (1) 3 (2) (1) (2) 2 1 expectation of reciprocity 1 ( Luhan, Kocher and Sutter (2006)) (1998) (2000) (2001) (1985) (1988) 2

4 (1992) 3 (1985) (1988) (1992) (1996) Kahneman et al. (1986) Camerer (2003) % 50% Hoffman, McCabe and Smith (1996) Rankin (2006) Johannesson and Persson (2000) Johannesson and Persson (2000) 3 (2006) 4 (1992) 3

5 5 Cason and Mui (1997) Luhan et al. (2006) Hoffman et al. (1996) Rankin (2006) ( ) Face to Face ( ) Face to Face 6% 26.3% Face to Face 39% Face to Face 27% ( ) Face to face Johannesson and Persson (2000) ( ) 1/3 expectations of reciprocity 5 Cason and Mui (1997) 2 1 Cason and Mui (1997) PAT (Persuasive Arguement Theory) SCT (Social Comparison Theory) 1 2 ID 2 5 Cason and Mui (1997) PAT self-regarding SCT other-regarding PAT 5 1 4

6 SCT Luhan et al. (2006) Cason and Mui (1997) 3 1 DG DG 1 19% 2 11% 3 13% Cason and Mui (1997) ( ) (2005) 6 ( ( ) ( ) (27) (9) H-H (24) (8) Y-Y (27) (9) H-Y (24) (8) Y-H 1: ( ( 1) z-tree Fischbacher (2007) 6 Hillman (2003), 5 7 5

7 ( ) ( 7 ) ( ) ,000 3 i=1 (800 S i) 3 i=1 j S ij S i i S ij i 8 Cason and Mui (1997)

8 D \ R H Y H H-H H-Y Y Y-H Y-Y 2: j H Y H-Y H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H 4 H-Y Y-H deception 1,000 Hey (1998) deception McDaniel and Starmer (1998) deception deception deception Hey (1998) McDaniel and Starmer (1998) 7

9 deception (1) (2) ( ) Y-Y H-H H-Y 10 Y-H 5 0 round1 round2 round3 1: : 4 1 ( H-H H-Y Y-H Y-Y : /

10 \ H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H : ) 5 (2) (1) 1 H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H (1) H-H H-Y Y-Y Y-H H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H P (T) (E) : 4.1 (1) (1) H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H 6 H-H vs. Y-Y H-Y vs. Y-H t P H-H vs. Y-Y H-H vs. H-Y H-H vs. Y-H Y-Y vs. H-Y Y-Y vs. Y-H H-Y vs. Y-H : 89 9

11 H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H H-H Y-Y H-Y Y-H \ : P ( ) ( ) : t P : 10

12 4.2 (2) (2) % Round Place 1 0 Shinrai Kanjinkan Ohitoyoshi Kouheikan jodosei GenderComp 1 2 AverageGrade Chat 10: 11 MODEL1 MODEL2 10 AIC MODEL3 MODEL4 11

13 Model 1 Model 2 Coefficient t-value P -value Coefficient t-value P -value Round Place Kanjinkansyakudo Ohitoyoshi Kouheikan Shinraikan Joudousei AverageGrade Chatlength*ChatType GenderComp Constant Adjusted R-square DW ratio AIC Model 3 Model 4 Coefficient t-value P -value Coefficient t-value P -value Round Place Kanjinkansyakudo Ohitoyoshi Kouheikan Shinraikan Joudousei AverageGrade Chatlength*ChatType GenderComp Constant Adjusted R-square DW ratio AIC : 12

14 (Camerer (2003) Luhan et al. (2006)) ANOVA (1996) 5.2 Johannesson and Persson (2000) 2 Johannesson and Persson (2000) Johannesson and Persson (2000) 8 Johannesson and Persson (2000) 14 13

15 Johannesson and Persson (2000) Luhan et al. (2006) long-run player chain-store game 17 Marlowe (2004) 18 14

16 Luhan et al. (2006) 3 1 Luhan et al. (2006) Camerer (2003) Luhan et al. (2006) Luhan et al. (2006) 40% 20% Luhan et al. (2006)

17 6 (1) (2) Johannesson and Persson (2000) 16

18 : 1.? 2. PC (1 7. (2 ) 8. (3 ) ( ) 5( ) 10. (1 ) 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. (1 ) 14. (2 ) 15. (3 ) 16. ( H-Y Y-H ) ( ) 19. ( ) 17

19 20. ( ) 21. ( ) 22. ( ) ( ) 25. ( ) 26. ( ) 27. ( ) 28. ( ) 29. ( ) 30. ( ) 31. ( ) 32. ( ) ( ) 41. ( ) 42. ( ) 43. ( ) 44. ( ) 18

20 45. ( ) 46. ( ) 47. ( ) 48. ( ) 49. ( ) 50. ( ) 51. ( ) 52. ( ) 53. ( ) : 1. ( (1 3. (1 4. ( 1 5. ( 6. ( 7. ( 1 8. ( 9. ( 10. ( )

21

22 Camerer, C. (2003) Behavioral Game Theory: Experiments in Strategic Interaction: Princeton University Press Princeton:. Cason, T. N. and V. L. Mui (1997) A Laboratory Study in Group Polarisation in the Team Dictator Game, The Economic Journal, Vol. 107, No. 444, pp Fischbacher, U. (2007) z-tree: Zurich toolbox for ready-made economic experiments, Experimental Economics, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp Hey, J. D. (1998) Experimental economics and deception: A comment, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp Hillman, A. L. (2003) Public Finance and Public Policy: Responsibilities and Limitations of Government: Cambridge University Press. Hoffman, E., K. McCabe, and V. L. Smith (1996) Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games, The American Economic Review, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp Johannesson, M. and B. Persson (2000) Non-reciprocal altruism in dictator games, Economics Letters, Vol. 69, No. 2, pp Kahneman, D., J. L. Knetsch, and R. H. Thaler (1986) Fairness and the Assumptions of Economics, The Journal of Business, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp Luhan, W. J., M. G. Kocher, and M. Sutter (2006) Group Polarization in the Team Dictator Game reconsidered, Discussion Paper TI /1, Tinbergen Institute. 21

23 Marlowe, F. (2004) Dictators and Ultimatums in an Egalitarian Society ofhunter-gatherers: The Hadza of Tanzania, Foundations of Human Sociality: Economic Experiments and Ethnographic Evidence from Fifteen Small-Scale Societies. McDaniel, T. and C. Starmer (1998) Experimental economics and deception: A comment, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp Rankin, F. W. (2006) Requests and social distance in dictator games, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp (2003) : (2005) (1992) (2005) (2001) (2000) (1998) - (1988) (1996) (2006) (1985) (1998)

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