A

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1 A CTRL-d CTRL-c i

2 1 1.1 (shell) 1 (login shell) echo $SHELL 2 /bin/tcsh tcsh ( ) 1.2 tcsh (command line) tcsh <ENTER> <BS> <DEL> CTRL-c (history) 1 ( ) 2 echo $ $SHELL 1

3 history!n <ENTER> 3 n <TAB> ( ) 1. [ ] his <TAB> <ENTER> 2. [ ] hi <TAB> hi 3. s his <TAB> <ENTER> 4. [ ] ls cat <TAB> <ENTER> 5. [ ] ls /usr/bin /usr/bin / usr bin ) ls /u<tab>b<tab> <ENTER> command file command [argument...] > file [argument... ] command [argument...] file file file command 4 3!-n (n ),!! ( (!-1 )),!str (str ) n str ( ) <ENTER> 4 set noclobber > > >! 2

4 cal cal 2017 cal 2017 > year year > >> command [argument...] >> file date date >> year year date > year year cal 2017 > year UNIX 1. (standard output): 2. stderr (standard error): command display stderr ( ) (redirection) 2.1 > >> 5 5 tcsh >& >>& 3

5 le command display stderr cal 2017 > year year > year cal year cal 2017 > year 2017 cal cal > year cal > year cal CTRL-d 1. wc year wc 2. wc 3. ls <ENTER> 4. Ctrl d CTRL d CTRL-d wc wc wc wc 6 2. wc 4. CTRL-d ( ; EOF = End Of File) 7 wc CTRL-d Windows EOF CTRL-z 8 CTRL-d 4

6 2 4 wc ( ) 2 <ENTER> wc <ENTER> CTRL-c CTRL-c wc CTRL-d CTRL-c wc CTRL-c CTRL-c wc UNIX stdin (standard input) keyboard stdin command ( ) ( ) le Keyboard stdin command command file command [argument...] < file 5

7 wc < year wc year wc wc year wc year wc < year wc (wc year) year stdin wc wc wc wc < year wc 1. year wc year wc wc man wc man q year wc.out wc wc < year > wc.out wc.out who who wc 1. who 1 who 2. who user who > user 6

8 who user cat user 3. wc -l ( ) user wc wc user wc -l < user user stdin wc 4. user rm user ( ) 9 (pipeline) 1: who wc who wc -l wc (stdin) wc wc (stdin) wc (who > user) 2. who user pipe who wc -l 3. user stdin wc (wc -l < user) 9 tcsh & 7

9 2: ls more more (pager) 1 10 /etc ls more ls -l /etc more more more year ls ( l /etc) ฅ (ls) display ls (ls more) stdin more 1. ls ls more ls 2. more ls (a) more (b) q more command1 () command2 command3 (stdin) () command1 command2 command3 command1 command2 command3 command1 stdin stdin command2 command3 4 command2 command3 (filter) cat wc 10 more more less 8

10 echo echo hakodate campus 2. echo campus hakodate sapporo asahikawa kushiro iwamizawa 3. tr tr (a) tr tr a A hakodate sapporo tr (b) tr tr a-z A-Z hakodate sapporo ( campus CAMPUS tr 4. sort ( ) sort file... sort file... file... (a) sort campus sort campus (b) sort hak sap asa sort 9

11 (c) sort campus (d) campus campus s 5.. (a) ls wc (b) (c) (a) 6. grep grep pattern file... grep file... patten file... grep ko campus grep sa campus grep who grep 7. cat -n who cat cat cat (a) cat cat (b) hakodate <ENTER> hakodate hakodate cat (c) sapporo <ENTER> 10

12 (d) cat CTRL-d cat (e) cat hakodate mycampus 2. cat cat cat mycampus mycampus2 3. cat cat (concatenate) (a) cat campus mycampus (b) campus mycampus campus mycampus 4. uniq uniq uniq file uniq file file (a) sort campus mycampus campus mycampus s (b) uniq campus mycampus s uniq campus mycampus (c) sort uniq campus mycampus 11

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X Window System X X & 1 1 1.1 X Window System................................... 1 1.2 X......................................... 1 1.3 X &................................ 1 1.3.1 X.......................... 1 1.3.2 &....................................