Ando_JournalClub_160708
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1 Independent discoveries of a tidally disrupting dwarf galaxy around NGC 253! A Tidally Disrupting Dwarf Galaxy in the Halo of NGC 253 Toloba, E. et al. 2016, ApJL, 816, L5 (hereafter T16, accepted ) ( Satellite accretion in action: a tidally disrupting dwarf spheroidal around the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 253 Romanowsky, A. J. et al. 2016, MNRAS, 457, L103 (hereafter R16, accepted ) ( Journal Club Ryo Ando (IoA, UTokyo)
2 (R16) (T16)
3 Introduction ΛCDM model Halo substructure ( stellar streams) Local Group ( ) e.g. M81, NGC3109, M101; ( ) Milky Way random infall? low-surface brightness imaging + resolved stellar maps (10-50 cm) + CCD
4 Discovery of Scl-MM-Dw2 (T16) PISCeS Survey (Panoramic Imaging Survey of Centaurus and Sclptor) Magellan Clay 6.5 m Telescope (Las Campanas) Megacam (FoV: 24 x 24 / 0.16 pixel) Observation: PSF: g & r band, 6 x 300 s mag DSS Image Scl-MM-Dw2 150 kpc NGC (w/ diffuse light) 2. RGB stellar map NGC 253 Scl-MM-Dw2 NGC 253 NGC 253 PISCeS survey (T16) half-light radius background field ( ) Magellan Telescope (
5 Color-magnitude diagram (T16) All stars within the half-light radius - Background stars = [Fe/H] = -2.3 dex 12 Gyr isochrones [Fe/H] = -1.1 dex Residual AGB stars RGB stars (T16) Half-light radius - = Scl-MM-Dw2 3.1 ± 0.2 Mpc (NGC 253 consistent) TRGB (Tip of Red Giant Branch) ( ) CMD ( ) isochrone ( ) Age = 12 Gyr, [Fe/H] = -2.3 dex / -1.1 dex AGB RGB
6 Stellar distribution (T16) (black) (red) Scl-MM-Dw2 RGB (T16) AGB /RGB (2-3 Gyr) (-2.3 < [Fe/H] < (~ 12 NGC 253 halo Total stellar mass ~ (1.0 ± 0.4) x 10 7 M
7 Properties of the dwarf (T16) Green Bank Telescope HIPASS (HI Parkes All Sky Survey) data ~ 3.7 σ emission peak? GBT (Green Bank Telescope, 100 m) DDT non-detection HIPASS detection HI mass ~ 1.2 x 10 5 M, gas fraction M HI /L V < 0.02 M /L gas poor ( Structural parameters (T16) RGB Free parameters: (RA, DEC), PA, ε, r h, Σ b Large, elongated, very diffuse ε ~ 0.66 Sagittarius dwarf
8 Scaling Relations (T16) Total luminosity M V = ± 0.5 r h, r h (1-ε) aperture photometry ( ) Luminosity scaling relations Scl-MM-Dw2 ( ) Size Ellipticity ( Sgr dwarf ) Surface brightness (ultra-diffuse galaxies ) Large, elongated, very diffuse
9 Discovery of NGC 253-dw2 (R16) 18 cm 12 inch (30 cm) CHART32 real (80 cm & Subaru 8 m) CHART32 (Chilean Advanced Robotic Telescope) 80 Cerro Tololo FoV: 22 x 22 / pixel Observation: 2013 total exposure: s ( (R16) CHART32 image (80 cm) 8 kpc diffuse (dsph) ( ) Galactic cirrus Amateur Image (30 cm)
10 Discovery of NGC 253-dw2 (R16) (80 cm & Subaru 8 m) Subaru Suprime-Cam g band (5 x 114 s) & R c band (5 x 120 s) Observation: 2014 Subaru/Suprime-Cam image (5 x 18 ) Subaru Telescope ( Rc band star map (R16)
11 Color-magnitude diagram (R16) Rc band star map - = 13 Gyr isochrones (R16) Half-light radius - = r 0 ~ 25, (g-r) 0 ~ Mpc (NGC 253 consistent) RGB NGC 253 halo ( ) dsph - dirr RGB (1 Gyr ) ( 600 Myr ) isochrone [Z/H] ~ -2.0 ± 0.5
12 Properties of the dwarf (R16) Structural parameters free parameters: (RA, DEC), PA, ε, a h, N * ( (PDF) ) a h = 2.0 ± 0.4 kpc Probability density function (R16) Star counts Model fit (ε ~ ) L V = (1.6 ± 0.3) x 10 6 L (M V = ± 0.4 ) Disrupting dwarfs NGC 253-dw2 ( dsph 2 ) Disrupting dwarfs Half-light radius Absolute magnitude
13 Toloba et al Analyses and Results Romanowsky et al (T16) (R16)
14 Discussion & Conclusion Gas-poor dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxy Low gas fraction (M HI /L V < 0.02 M /L ) Large, elongated, diffuse Tidal disruption ( ) (dsph) ε > 0.6 dsph (e.g. Sgr, Her, UMa I & II) (T16) NGC 253 NGC 253 elongation Scl-MM-Dw2 / NGC 253-dw2 NGC 253 tidal tail (T16) 90%? (R16) > 2 x 10 7 L
15 Discussion & Conclusion NGC 253 (R16) (disrupting dsph) (dissolution dynamics) ( ) infall shear field (R16) (R16) NGC 253 recent unidentified interaction central starburst, kinematic twisting, stellar halo shelf Pre-infall virial mass (1-4 x M, ΛCDM model) ~ M * of NGC 253 (1.7 x M ) NGC 253 NGC 253-dw2? deep/wide-field stealth attacks
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