タワーフラックス観測マニュアル ver1.1b

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1 2.3 CO 2 Closed-path CO 2 analyzer CO 2 CO 2 Leuning and Moncrieff 1990 Leuning and King 1992 Suyker and Verma 1993 CO 2 CO 2 CO CO 2 H 2 O LI-7500 LI-COR, Inc. AsiaFlux CO CO 2 CO 2 H 2 O CO 2 1 Fig CO 2 Photo CO 2 Fig CO 2 LI-COR LI-6262 LI7000 Fig H 2 O 56

2 2.3 CO 2 CO 2 LI Lmin 1 LI-6262 LI-COR LI-7000 Unlimited 2.0Lmin 1 Suyker and Verma 1993 Tips Branch Sample Air Inlet P-2 Port By Choice FM-1 Branch port Pump Silica gel Bottle Dehumidified Air Solenoid Valve Manual Valve P-1 Inside the Main Case Control Line Pump AF-1 Air Dryer SV-1 NO COM NC FM-2 Flow Meter Air Filter Exhaust LI-6262/LI-7000 IRGA Sample cell Reference cell AF-2 MFC-1 2Lmin -1 SV-2 NO COM NC FM-3 StdGas Zero StdGas Span Pump P-3 AF-3 De-CO 2/desiccant assembly MFC-2 20mLmin -1 ZEN N 2 Programmable Sequence Controller Fig CO 2 Ohtani et al.,

3 Photo Fig CO 2 CO 2 LI-COR 1μm PTFE LI-COR Tips H 2 O WPL LI-7000 Tips CO 2 LI CO 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 2 LI-6262 LI-COR CO 2 2 Fig CO 2 20mLmin 1 58

4 2.3 CO 2 LI-6262 LI-COR LI-6262 CO 2 H 2 O LI-6262 CO 2 H 2 O LI-6262 LI-COR LI-7000 LI-6262 CO 2 H 2 O LI-7000 LI-7000 LI-COR Tips Fig Fig COM NO NC COM NO COM NC COM NO NC 2 2 COM NO NC NO CO

5 CO2 Cv CKD NO NC CKD SMC Tips DC DC DC 60

6 2.3 CO 2 1 KNF Neuberger GmbH Gast Manufacturing, Inc. Tips Swagelok Company Tips CO 2 m 50m PTFE Thermoplastic Processes, Inc. 61

7 Bev-A-Line CO 2 PTFE 4 8mm PTFE PTFE PTFE PISCO Swagelok Tips PTFE 6mm 8mm PTFE 50m 100m 53 47m PFA Tips

8 2.3 CO 2 Tips ISO JIS PT ANSI NPT Tips Tips Tips Nafion DuPont PermaPure dryer 63

9 MD 2 5 CKD HD-0.5 CO 2 CO 2 H 2 O CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Tips CO 2 ON OFF Campbell Scientific, Inc. 64

10 2.3 CO 2 CR1000 CR3000 Campbell ON 5V 1 CO 2 Suyker and Verma, 1993 Tips Photo CR1000 Fig CR Basic 1 C1 11:50 12:00 23:50 24:00 10 C1 ON ON Tips CR-Basic for CR1000 'Main Program BeginProg If IfTime (710,1440,Min) Then PortSet (1,1 ) If IfTime (720,1440,Min) Then PortSet (1,0 ) If IfTime (1430,1440,Min) Then PortSet (1,1 ) If IfTime (1440,1440,Min) Then PortSet (1,0 ) EndProg Photo CR1000 Fig CRBasic 65

11 8 CO 2 CO 2 2 CO 2 CO 2 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 3MPa CO 2 Air balance CO 2 Pearman 1977 Pearman and Garratt 1975 Griffith 1982 Griffith et. al ) Tips H 2 O H 2 O CO 2 H 2 O LI-COR LI-610 LI-610 Tips

12 2.3 CO 2 9 LI-6262 RS-232C DAC 2 DAC 0 5V LI-6262 OFF 0 LI-7000 RS-232C USB DAC DAC DAC1 DAC 1 4 DAC1 DAC2 0 5V 5 +5V CO ppm 0 5V DAC3 DAC V V DAC LI Fig

13 CO 2 Swagelok Tips CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Appendix CO 2 WPL WPL Suyker and Verma 1993 CO 2 WPL Grelle and Lindroth 1996 Tips

14 Appendix 2.3-1: Aubinet M. et al.(2000) Estimates of the annual net carbon and water exchange of forests: the EUROFLUX methodology. Advances in Ecological Research, 30, Lenshow D. H. and Raupach M. R. (1991) The attenuation of fluctuations in scalar concentrations through sampling tubes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, D8, Leuning and Judd (1996) The relative merits of open- and closed-path analyzers for measurement of eddy fluxes, Global Change Biology, 2, Leuning R. and Moncrieff J. (1990) Eddy-covariance CO 2 flux measurements using Open- and Closed-path CO 2 analysers: Corrections for analyser water vapour sensitivity and damping of fluctuation in air sampling tubes. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 53, Massman W. (1991) The attenuation of concentration fluctuations in turbulent flow through a tube. Journal of Geophysical Research, D8, Monrcieff J. B., Massheder J. M., de Bruin H., Elbers J., Friborg T., Heusinkveld B., Kabat P., Scott S., Seogaard H., Verhoef A. (1997) A system to measure surface fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapour and carbon dioxide. Journal of Hydrology, , Philip J. R. (1963) The damping of a fluctuating concentration by continuous sampling through a tube. Australian Journal of Physics, 16, Suyker A. E. and Verma S. B. (1993) Eddy correlation measurement of CO 2 flux using a closed-path sensor: Theory and field tests against an open-path sensor. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 64, Yasuda Y. and Watanabe T. (2001) Comparative measurements of CO 2 flux over a forest using closed-path and open-path CO 2 analysers, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 100,

タワーフラックス観測マニュアル ver1.1b

タワーフラックス観測マニュアル ver1.1b 2.2 CO2 H2O 2.2 CO 2 H 2 O Open-path CO 2 /H 2 O analyzer 2.2.1 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 mol-co 2 m 3 CO 2 ppm mol-co 2 mol-dry-air 1 CO 2 2.3 1 2 3 4 5 6 WPL Webb et al. 1980 1 3 4 6 Table 2.2-1

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