アジアの 溶剤市場 見通し 2019 ASIA SOLVENTS OUTLOOK 2019 Click here to access the Japanese version びメチルエチルケトン Click here to access the English version Key market

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1 アジアの 溶剤市場 見通し 2019 ASIA SOLVENTS OUTLOOK 2019 Click here to access the Japanese version びメチルエチルケトン Click here to access the English version Key markets covered: アセトン イソプロピルアルコール およ グリコールエーテル メチルーシャリーブチルエーテル フェノール ビスフェノール-A

2 溶剤 アセトンアジアのアセトンは大量供給の結果 2019 年上半期は弱含み 筆者 : Angeline Soh シンガポール (ICIS)--アジアのアセトン市場は 大量供給されたにもかかわらず 需要が改善されなかった結果を受けて 2019 年上半期は弱含みとなりそうである 最近 中国の工場がメンテナンスから再稼働し 既に十分過剰な市場にさらなるフェノール / アセトンが追加された ICIS データによると 年 12 月 21 日 運賃込み条件 (CFR) 中国主要港 (CMP) ベースのアセトン価格は $ / トン CFR CMP で 年 2 月 26 日以来の最低レベルであった 過去 3 か月間に予定された一連のターンアラウンドにかかわらず アセトンの供給は引き続き高レベルを維持した これは 副産物であるフェノールの高マージンによって動機付けられた中国の高稼働率によるものであった 中国のフェノール工場の平均操業率は 年が 80% を超えていたのに対して 同国の平均稼働率は 2015 年は 70% 年は 71% 年は 76% であった USD/tonne Jan- 09-Feb- 28-Feb- 16-Mar- 04-Apr- 20-Apr- 09-May- 25-May- 13-Jun- 04-Jul- 20-Jul- 08-Aug- 24-Aug- 12-Sep- 28-Sep- 17-Oct- 02-Nov- 21-Nov- 07-Dec- 02-Jan Jan-2019 Acetone CFR Asia SE Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Acetone CFR China Assessment Main Ports Dutiable Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Acetone CFR India Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) 年のアセトン価格は輸入量増により抑えられた 顧客データによると 年 1 月 ~11 月に記録された 454,000 トンと比較すると 1 月から 11 月で 中国のアセトン輸入は 622,000 トンであった さらに 1 トンのベンゼンは 1 トンのアセトンを生産するのに対して 0.6~0.62 トンのフェノールしか生産しないため フェノールよりアセトンが多く生産される 月次ベースの平均港ボリュームは 年の 24,000 トンより少なかった Producer Region Country Acetone BPA MMA IPA MIBK Start-up Zhejiang Petrochemical Zhejiang China Chang Chun (Changshu) Jiangsu China Q Formosa Chemicals Industries (Ningbo) Zhejiang China Covestro Shanghai China Lihuayi Weiyuan Shandong China 120 End-2019 Sinopec SABIC Tianjin Petrochemical Tianjin China Sailboat Petrochemical Jiangsu China 85 Q Heilongjiang Longxin Northeast China China 25 Q Dadi Supu Chemical Shandong China 100 Restart in early 2019 Shandong Hongxu Chemical Shandong China Chongqing Yixiang Chongqing China CNOOC Oriental Petrochemical Huizhou China Zhuhai Long Success Pasir Gudang Malaysia 50 Late 2020 Mitsui Chemical Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Kellin Chemicals Zhangjiagang China 15 H Yantai Wanhua Yantai China 15 No start-up date heard Zhuhai Long Success Zhuhai China 15 No start-up date heard

3 2019 Maintenance schedule Company TPCC Location Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan Daesan, South Korea Yeosu, South Korea Yeosu, South Korea Phenol ( 000 tonnes/year) Acetone ( 000 tonnes/year) 年は この数字は 34,000 トンを超えていた Timing 20 December Early Jan 2019 March-April 2019 LG Chem Kumho P&B No May 2019 Kumho P&B No May 2019 Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp Mailiao, Taiwan H (FCFC) Mitsui Chemicals Osaka, Japan End-June to end-july Mitsui End-October Chemicals Ichihara, Japan to mid- November 一方 市場関係者によると 供給は第 2 四半期に浙江省の石油化学工場が 250,000 トン / 年のアセトンユニットを稼働すると増加することが確実視されている 常熟長春は中国の常熟市にある工場を拡張し 240,000 トン / 年から 180,000 トン / 年に増産する これらの工場は川下ユニットとなるが その消費は追加生産能力を完全に使用しない 追加ボリュームはオープン市場に売却される ほとんどのプロジェクトは 2019 年下半期に発生するように計画されているため アセトンボリュームは上半期は十分に活用されず 価格は抑えられそうである 東北アジアの生産者は 2019 年下半期の価格については明らかにより楽観的である と語った 東南アジアの流通業者は さらなるターンアラウンドが予定されているため [2019 年 ] 上半期はそれほど厳しくない可能性がある と語った 溶剤 ビスフェノール -A アジアの BPA 市場の変動は限定的 筆者 : Melanie wee シンガポール (ICIS)--アジアのビスフェノール A (BPA) 市場は 2019 年初めに需要が安定化すると期待される中 バランスが取れて変動は限定的である 大きな下げ相場の市場は 中国と米国の貿易戦争で低下し 輸入で利益が上がらなくしている対米ドルで引き続き弱い中国元 (CNY) によって悪化した ICIS データによると CFR( 運賃込み条件 ) 中国ベースでのスポット価格は 12 月 21 日現在 $1,250/ トンに下落し 前年同期から 23% 下落し 年 10 月以来の安値となった 中国国内の BPA 価格は第 4 四半期のほとんどで急落し 12 月 21 日現在で CNY 10,700/ トン EXWH であった ICIS データによると これは対前年同期比で 20% の下落であった 主要中国市場の BPA のスポット価格は 年の第 4 四半期に下落し 川下需要を徐々に縮小し 特にポリカーボネート (PC) とエポキシ樹脂塗布の足を引っ張った 弱気ムードは 2019 年 2 月 5 日からの中国の春節直前の 2019 年第 1 四半期まで波及する可能性がある 東北アジアの市場筋は 中国では 1 月に何らかの [BPA] 需要がある可能性があるが 2 月には静かになり 3 月は予定さ

4 れた工場のターンアラウンドで供給が限定されるものの不確 定である と語った 過剰供給に対する懸念とグローバルな経済低迷を背景に 年第 4 四半期には原油価格は大幅に落ち込んだ 中国における BPA と原材料フェノール間のスプレッドも 年第 3 四半期開始時の $557/ トンから第 4 四半期の終盤に向けて約 $160/ トンに圧縮された これにより 数 BPA 製造者は圧縮されたマージンと戦う努力の一環として工場の稼働率の下げを促されている 概して 2 月の [ 市場 ] は春節休暇で静かである と東北アジアの情報筋は語った 主要数石油化学製品も第 4 四半期には複数年来の最安値に落ち込んだ Caixin サービス購買担当者景気指数 (PMI) が測定した中国の 11 月の製造活動は 50.2 で 50 レベルのすぐ上で推移した PMI 値が 50 以上になると拡張を意味し それ以下の値は逆を意味する 10 月の PMI 値は 50.1 であった 市場関係者によると 米国と中国の貿易戦争と原油価格の動向次第では スポット BPA 価格の大幅な回復は期待できない 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 USD/tonne 1,200 1, Typically healthy spread Typically unhealthy spread 15-J an- 05-Feb- 26-Feb- 19-Mar- 09-Apr- 30-Apr- 21-May- 11-J un- 02-J ul- 23-J ul- 13-Aug- 03-S ep- 24-S ep- 15-Oct- 05-Nov- 26-Nov- 17-Dec- Bisphenol A CFR China Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Bisphenol A CFR China Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range - Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) 溶剤 グリコールエーテルアジアの BG は引き続き過剰供給 中国の需要低迷に直面 筆者 : Li Li Chng シンガポール (ICIS)-- 市場は中東のフローが殺到し 他のアジアの生産者からの輸出が拡大したため アジアのブチルグリコールのスポット価格は引き続き下落傾向で 2019 年第 1 四半期に入った 需要的には 主要バイヤーである中国が経済成長の縮小に直面しているため 弱含みが持続している 弱含みの兆候は ファンダメンタルズが下げ相場であった今年の過去 3 か月ですでに明らかで 来年の見通しはほとんど変わらない ICIS データによると 12 月 19 日に終了した週の アンチダンピング税 (ADD) はゼロであるが 輸入関税の対象である中国の BG スポット価格は 平均 $930/ トン CFR( 運賃込み条件 ) で安

5 定して評価された 価格レベルは 年 9 月以来の最安値であった 東南アジアの BG スポット価格は $1,010/ トン CFR と評価され 前週比で $10/ トン下落し 年 7 月以来の最安値に下落した 中国が年初に深海原産の貨物に対してアンチダンピング税を増額したため 市場では貿易フローのフェーズが変わった 年 4 月 12 日 米国産の BG/BDG は 37.5~75.5% ADD の対象となり これまでより 10.6~14.1% 増となった EU からの貨物は 10.8~43.5% の ADD の対象であり これまでより 9.3~18.8% 増となった 年には供給も増大した 中国の ADD の対象外の原産の場合 台湾の Oriental Union Chemical Corp (OUCC) の BG/BDG 工場 -- 年間総生産能力 30,000~40,000 トン -- が 年初めに商業操業を開始した さらに 米国の Dow Chemical と Saudi Aramco のジョイントベンチャー (JV) である Sadara Chemical Company からのボリュームが安定し 貨物は 年初めからアジアへ定期的に輸出されている 200,000 トン / 年の生産能力がある Sadara の BG/BDG 工場が 年半ばに商業操業を開始した tonnes China BG Imports (tonnes) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 21K 20K 19K 18K 17K 16K 15K 14K 13K 米国および EU の貨物の ADD が高騰したことで 中国への深海品の販売が妨害されたため 中東およびその他のアジアの生産者は中国に対する主要サプライヤーとなった これらの深海貨物は ADD 懸念がない広域のアジア地域に方向転換した 増産能力と合わせて アジアはさまざまな原産のサプライヤーからの十分な供給と激しい競争であふれている 12K 11K 10K 9K この状況は 2019 年も持続し 市場が統合される可能性がある 8K 7K 6K 韓国の Lotte Chemical は 年から 50% を超える減産操業率を続けており 市況は停滞しており いつ操業が正常に再 開されるかは不明確である さまざまな原産の生産者から供給された一方 川下セクターからの需要は冷めて 今後は横ばいである 変わりゆく供給状況中国はアジアにおける最大の輸入市場であり 年 1 月から 10 月の間で 151,403 トンの BG/ ブチルジグリコール (BDG) を輸入しており 年の合計輸入量は 156,141 トンであった ( 以下の相互作用を参照してください ) Sadara は 1 月終わりに約 3 週間のターンアラウンドを実施する計画であり ターンアラウンドが春節期間に重なるが 供給はタイトになりそうにない 中国および多くのアジア市場は 2 月の初めに始まり 伝統的に 15 日間春節を祝う 休日前後の約半月間 ビジネスは停滞すると見込まれる

6 弱含み 需要低迷 年のほとんど 市場は弱含みと需要の低迷で悪化した 米国と中国間の 90 日間の貿易戦争休戦中は市場関係者は一息つくが 既存の関税は引き続き適用される 国家統計局 (NBS) のデータによると 中国の企業は 11 月には対前年比で 利益が 1.8% 減少して CNY 5,948 億 ($860 億 ) になり 2015 年 5 月以来初めての縮小であった NBS によると 販売および工場価格の成長低迷は コスト増も加わり 先月は利益の下落につながった 90 日間の休戦後 具体的かつ積極的な成果があげられるかどうかについて 市場関係者はほとんどわかっていない 近い将来の 川下のペイントおよびコーティングセクターからの需要は 冬季期間中建築業界が低迷する中 弱いままで続きそうである 11 月の数値も 7 か月連続の下落を記録した 川下での需要が 米国と中国の貿易戦争と川下での工場操業に影響を与えた中国の厳しい環境保護対策に大きく起因するビジネス状況に打撃を与えた 今後の見通しは引き続き不透明である 原料の n-ブタノールおよびさらに川上のエチレンは 年の第 4 四半期は大きく下降し 1 月の BG 価格の下支えは限定される可能性がある エチレンオキシド (EO) と n-ブタノール (NBA) から派生した BG は エチレングリコールエーテル (EGE) としても知られている 溶剤 フェノール工場再稼働時のアジアのフェノール H1 に対する市場感情は低迷 筆者 : Angeline Soh シンガポール (ICIS)--アジアのフェノール市場感情は 中国に拠点を置く工場がメンテナンスから再稼働後の十分な供給が重しとなり 2019 年上半期は低迷することが見込まれる ICIS データによると 年 11 月 2 日 運賃込み条件 (CFR) Price trends from 2014 to USD/tonne 1,700 1,450 1, Jul Sep Dec Mar May Aug Oct Jan- 01-Apr- 17-Jun- 02-Sep- 18-Nov- 10-Feb- 28-Apr- 14-Jul- 29-Sep- 15-Dec- 09-Mar- 25-May- 10-Aug- 26-Oct- 18-Jan-2019 Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) 中国主要港 (CMP) ベースの価格は $1,430-1,490/ トン CFR CMP で 2014 年 10 月 24 日以来の最高レベルであった ベンゼン -フェノールのスプレッドも 10 月末時点で $720/ トンを超える歴史的高値に達した 通常 平均スプレッドは $150/ トンに設定されている 高マージンが中国の高平均操業率に通じた 中国のフェノール工場の平均操業率は 12 月半ば時点で 80% を超えていた 中国の平均操業率は 2015 年が 70% 年が 71% 年が 76% であった 年 11 月 2 日から 12 月 14 日までで価格は $350/ トン下落し 12 月 14 日時点で $1,050~1,150/ トンレベルと評価された 国内の複数工場の再稼働後の弱気ムードを受けて 12 月 14 日の価格は 11 月 2 日から $350/ トン下落し $1,050-1,150/ トンになった 2019 年 1 月までに 中国のすべての国内のフェノール工場は

7 操業するものと見込まれる さらに 近く発表される仮アンチダンピング税 (ADD) がさらに貿易の妨げとなった 3 月 26 日 中国は米国 欧州連合 韓国 日本およびタイからのフェノール輸入に関するアンチダンピング税調査を開始した 調査は PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical Changshu Changchun CEPSA Shanghai Sinopec Mitsui Chemicals Bluestar Harbin Petrochemical Yangzhou Shiyou Huizhou Zhongxin など 国内生産者の代表の要求に応える形で実施された 調査の中間結果は 通常 稼働後半年の 9 月後半と見込まれていた ところが 12 月中旬現在 結果は発表されていない 市場関係者の説明によると 中国と米国間の貿易戦争開始後初めての遅延であった 中国向けの米国原産フェノールには 8 月後半に 10% の輸入関税が課せられ 2 つの巨大経済間の貿易戦争で 2 回のショットが連発された その後 中国と米国間の新しい輸入関税が休止されたアルゼンチンでの G20 リーダーサミットによりさらに遅延した 一部の市場関係者はアジアに拠点を置く数生産者に対しては 約 10% の ADD と 米国原産貨物に対しては 10% 以上が見込まれていることを受けて 2019 年の契約交渉中には多くの注意書きがあった USD/tonne 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Feb- 01-J an- 22-J an- 05-Mar- 26-Mar- 16-Apr- Higher incentive for integrated phenol producers to produce phenol instead of selling benzene Lower incentive for integrated phenol producers to produce phenol instead of selling benzene 07-May- 28-May- 18-J un- 09-J ul- 30-J ul- 20-Aug- 10-S ep- 01-Oct- 22-Oct- 12-Nov- 03-Dec- 31-Dec- Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Benzene FOB South Korea Assessment Spot Third and fourth half month Closing Value (Mid) Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range - Benzene FOB South Korea Assessment Spot Third and fourth half month Closing Value (Mid) 172,900 トンで最低を記録し 2014 年の 217,200 トンから 20.4% 減少したが 年は大幅に上昇した 年 米国は中国へのフェノールのリーダー輸出国で 全輸入のほぼ 30% と貢献し 第 2 位の輸出国は台湾で 25% 第 3 位は日本で 15% であった 年の輸入量はさらに増加し 対前年比で 47.2% 増で 365,500 トンになり 米国 EU 韓国 日本 タイからの貨物は 330,000 トンで 全体の 90% を占めていた ところが 年は DD 調査後の話では米国原産貨物のスポットボリュームは最低であった 中国ベースのトレーダーは 貿易戦争から大きなサプライズがない限り 2019 年以降は米国貨物に大きな変化はないと見込んでいる と語った 中国税関のデータによると 2015 年のフェノールの輸入は 米国の供給サイドでは 年 1 月半ばに Shell が年間約 240,000 トンのフェノールを生産し 会社全体の生産能力の約 40% であるテキサス州の Deer Park のフェノール 3 工場をアイドル後 使用可能材料は減少した 2019 Maintenance schedule Company Location Phenol Acetone ( 000 tonnes/year) Timing ( 000 tonnes/year) Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan December Early Jan 2019 Acetone Daesan, South Korea March-April 2019 ( 000 tonnes/year) Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Timing Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 TPCC Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan December Early Jan 2019 LG Chem Daesan, South Korea March-April 2019 Kumho P&B No 3 Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Kumho P&B No 4 Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp Mailiao, Taiwan H Mitsui Chemicals Osaka, Japan End-June to end-july Mitsui Chemicals Ichihara, Japan End-October to mid-november

8 ADD 後は 非関税の原産品の需要は高まる つまり バイヤーはサウジおよびインド原産の貨物を熱望している と 別の中国ベースのトレーダーは語った その一方で サウジアラビアの Petro Rabigh は 年の初めに 470,000 トン / 年の工場を稼働し Deepak Phenolics は 年 8 月に 200,000 トン / 年の工場を稼働した 他方 Zhejiang Petrochemicals の 470,000 トン / 年の工場が 2019 年前半に稼働が見込まれ 国内需要は高い国内供給で満たすことができる 価格は以下の川下の拡張によって強化される可能性もある - CPDC China は 2019 年 4 月に江蘇省如東県に 150,000 トン / 年のシクロヘキサノン工場を稼働することが確実視されている - Chang Chun Plastics は 2019 年 6 月または 7 月に江蘇省に 135,000 トン / 年のビスフェノール (BPA) 工場を稼働することが確実視されている - Lihuayi は 2019 年第 4 半期に山東省に 120,000 トン / 年の BPA 工場を稼働することが確実視されている 中国からの国内供給が熱望されるにもかかわらず その他のアジアに拠点を置く販売者は地域のターンアラウンドスケジュールにより 上半期の価格は強化される可能性があると期待した - Covestro は第 4 四半期に上海の BPA 生産能力を拡張することが確実視されている 正確な生産能力は直ちに検証できなかった 溶剤 メチルーシャリーブチルエーテルアジアの MTBE は新工場からの大量供給に直面する可能性あり 筆者 : Keven Zhang シンガポール (ICIS)--アジアのメチル第 3 ブチルエーテル (MTBE) は 新工場の出現により 2019 年には供給過剰になる可能性がある一方で 需要の低迷が広まる 2019 年は 利用可能供給の増加により地域バランスが変化する 中国の主要工場は 大連の Hengli Petrochemical 舟山の Zhejiang Petrochemical など メガサイズの統合生成 石油化学プロジェクトである MTBE 生産能力 ( 千トン ) 予想スタートアップ ( 年 11 月現在 ) Petronas マレーシア 年第 2 四半期 FPCC 台湾 年第 2 四半期 Hengli Petrochemical 中国 年第 3 四半期 Zhejiang Petrochemical 中国 年第 3 四半期 さらに すべての目はマレーシアの Petronas Refinery と Petrochemical Integrated Development(RAPID) および台湾の Formosa Petrochemical Corp(FPCC) のアップグレードに注がれる 年の下半期に 740,000 トン / 年の Sinopec 金陵 -ハンツマン MTBE 工場稼働後の十分な国内供給により 対前年比中国の輸入量は減少した 中国は Sinopec 金陵 -ハンツマン工場からインドへ初めて MTBE を輸出し シンガポールおよび韓国への輸出量も増加した 一方 韓国は純 MTBE 輸出国となる

9 China s MTBE import - (tonnes) China s MTBE EXPORT - (tonnes) S-Oil は 年 9 月に烏山で高重要度の残油流動接触分解装置 (HS-RFCC) をコミッショニングした 基準 2019 年の変動価格プレミアム ( $ / トン ) 年の変動価格プレミアム ( $ / トン ) 年 10 月の 韓国の MTBE 輸入は 58.4% 減少して 年の 12,979 トンから 5,402 トンになった 輸出量は爆発的に上昇し 9 月の 34 トンから 10,004 トンに増え 純輸出は約 5,000 トンであることを示している シンガポール FOB シンガポール + 17 FOB シンガポール + 22 西北アジア FOB シンガポール + 0 ~ -1 FOB シンガポール + 3 ~ +5 西北アジア FOB シンガポール + 20 FOB シンガポール + 25 E10 とは 10% のエタノールをブレンドした燃料を指す 東北アジアは自給自足できるようになっているため 過剰供給分は伝統的に中東の生産者が支配している東南アジア市場に流してバランスを取っている 食品材料から派生した化学物質であるエタノールは 中国のガソリンのオクタンブースター添加剤として MTBE に置き換えできる サウジアラビア アラブ首長国連邦 カタールなど 中東原産の MTBE は シンガポール輸入市場の 90% 以上を占めている 中東原産の貨物の安定した数量は 年を通して引き続きアジアに流れている 2019 年に関しては 複数期間の中東契約が昨年を下回るレベルで締結された アジアの他の場所では 需要はシンガポールで混合したガソリン 価格はアロマティクス製品などのその他の調合剤が牽引する ガソリンの供給過剰により 年 10 月の MTBE の消費は弱含みとなった アジアのブレント原油に対するガソリン分解は 年 11 月 東北アジアの生産者は [ 期間契約交渉 ] プロセスは [ 年より ] 難しかった と語った 上昇する供給に対応して 生産者は利益が少ない工場の稼働率をカット または MTBE ユニットをアルキレートユニットに変換できる 中国のエタノール -10(E10) ガソリンの計画実施が近づき その後の国内の燃料価格の値上げにより 最近の中国の MTBE 消費は抑えられる 国内の 11 の省で今年 E10 ガソリンの試用が開始され 2020 年に予定されている完全実施前に 北京と天津は先例に従うと見込まれている

10 以来 $1/ バレルを下回った しており 製品需要を下支えしている 中国のメガ精製所プロジェクト マレーシアの RAPID および Adnoc の Ruwais 工場の再稼働など 複数の精製所の生産能力が 2019 年にさらに追加されるため 川下のガソリン供給は引き続き良好となる ところが その他の MTBE の川下への生産能力の適用は増加 中国の Wanhua Chemical 50,000 トン / 年の MMA 工場は 2019 年の第 1 四半期に稼働し シンガポールの住友化学は 2019 年の第 4 四半期に MMA ライン 2 を再稼働する どちらの工場も唯一の原料として MTBE を使用する 溶剤 イソプロピルアルコール ( I P A ) およびメチルエチルケトンアジアの溶剤需要は在庫補充活動により好転の可能性あり 筆者 : Yuanlin Koh シンガポール (ICIS)-- アジアのイソプロパノール (IPA) およびメチルエチルケトン (MEK) は 2019 年初めに予測できる需要回復を受けて見通しがき 供給の安定した流れが続く中 バランスが取れた市場のトレンドを設定できる可能性がある バイヤーは在庫を積み増す可能性があるため 年末休暇後の 2019 年初めには需要が浮上しそうである 近いうちに バイヤーは 2 月初めの春節前にある程度の在庫を準備するため MEK の需要は少し好転しそうである ただし 原料ナフサのボラティリティ値により 2019 年の MEK 需要は前年より弱くなる可能性がある これらは IPA 価格のさらなる下げ圧力に影響を与える可能性がある これらのどちらの市場にも 少なくとも 2019 年の第 1 四半期の需要を満たす十分な供給がある これは 世界の 2 大経済間に継続する貿易摩擦がある中 値上げに対する期待を抑える 年の下半期に欧州と米国に対して開かれた仲裁の窓が閉じられた後 市場がリバランスされたことで 年は第 1 四半期にピークに達した後 IPA 市場と MEK 市場はどちらも着実に減少した 伝統的に市況感情は春節休暇後は改善し ほとんどの市場は使い果たした在庫を補充するために完全に復活する ICIS データによると IPA 市場は 2 月 23 日に $1,052.50/ トン 一方 MEK の供給は 年の日本の工場は 2 年に一度のターンアラウンド後で 2019 年は混乱しそうではない 同様に 近いうちに IPA の需要は年末休暇後と春節前で 東南アジアのほとんどの地域で在庫補充活動が好転する可能性がある 供給はプロピレンべースの IPA 工場が操業に戻ると バランスを取り戻すまたは伸びる可能性がある 年末までに予定されていたターンアラウンド後にフル稼働を再開している他工場からのサポートを受けて 近いうちに IPA の供給状況が持続しそうである

11 CFR( 運賃込み条件 ) 東南アジアでピークに達した後 着実に減少した これは 十分な供給と弱い川下需要により原料であるアセトンのコスト軟化によるものである もう一つの IPA の主原料であるプロピレンは 年の大半上昇し 供給不足を背景に 10 月 12 日には新高値に達した ICIS データによると スポット価格は $1,187.50/ トン CFR 東北アジアと評価された これにより プロピレンベースの IPA 生産者にとっては マージンはさらに厳しいものになった 中国のほとんどのプロピレンベースの IPA 工場は マージンの損失により閉鎖に追い込まれた 州および米国に対する仲裁後 市場はバランスを取り戻した アジアの MEK 価格は 中国の国内市場の連動する弱さを受けて 4 か月ぶりの安値に下落した ICIS データによると 年 11 月 30 日 アジアの価格は $1,050/ トン CFR( 運賃込み条件 ) 東北アジア $1,070/ トン CFR 東南アジア $1,085/ トン CFR インドと評価された ICIS データによると 価格は 年 1 月 5 日のピークから約 34.8~36.5% 下落した 年は日本と台湾の生産者にとっては大規模なターンアラウンド年で 予期できない設備または上流の問題に加えて 使用可能な輸出は厳しく制限されていた 日本のプロピレンベースの IPA サプライヤーは常連客に低価格で販売するという大きなプレッシャーを受けていた また 中国の国内需要と継続する米国と中国の貿易戦争を踏まえると 年の中国の供給は十分と見なされていた 一年に数回の工場トラブルと相まって 日本の供給は限定されていた 中国は貨物の荷卸し努力をする中で 他のアジア諸国にバイヤーが魅力的と考える競争力のある価格を提示した このように 困難な時期の輸出はごくまれであった 結果的に アセトンベースの IPA は上昇した ところが 弱い川下需要と米ドルに対する継続的なアジア通貨の下落により IPA 価格は下落した 年の大半は MEK は下落傾向にあったが 年に欧 ところが 米国と中国間の貿易戦争 予期された 2019 年のグローバル経済の低迷など 地政学的要因による劇的な原油価格の上昇および下落が見られたさまざまなことがあった年は ほとんどの市場は傍観し 当用買いをした USD/tonne 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, Feb- 23-Feb- 16-Mar- 06-Apr- 27-Apr- 18-May- 08-Jun- 29-Jun- 20-Jul- 10-Aug- 31-Aug- 21-Sep- 12-Oct- 02-Nov- 23-Nov- 14-Dec- 11-Jan-2019 Acetone CFR China Assessment Main Ports Dutiable Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne Isopropanol CFR Asia SE Assessment Spot 4 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne Propylene CFR Asia NE Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne

12 ICIS の価格設定および分析論ソリューションでアジアの溶剤の交渉力を強化 価格データ ICIS は溶剤のアジアマーケットにおいて それぞれ基準となる価格査定するブランドであり 私たちのレポートは専門家による分析 過去の価格やタイムリーにアクセスできるスムーズさ 取引する上で 市場の価格動向 入札単価をいち早くとらえることができます 次のすべての機能を使用し 自信もって契約価格に含むことができます n アセトン n ビスフェノール -A (BPA) n グリコールエーテル n フェノール n メチルーシャリーブチルエーテル (MTBE) n イソプロピルアルコール (IPA) およびメチルエチルケトン (MEK 石油化学製品分析 全方位でお客様へ溶剤市場の情報を提供するだけではなく 価格購読するとともに下記有効のツールもすべてご利用頂けます n ライブサプライディスラプショントラッカ リアルタイムにて世界のサプライを確認することができ 12か月先のプラント定修の日程 ( スケジュール済み 突発的なもの含め ) すべてリアルタイムにて閲覧が可能 n プラスドラバーズアナリティクス 主要業績評価指標を取り扱っており 輸出入の価格 原材料およびダウンストリームの需要の違い 代替のトレンド 裁定取引 / ネットバックデータなど参考にしていただけます n サプライ & デマンドのアウトルーク 現在主要の化学材料のご確認ができます n ライブサプライインパクトトラッカー ICISニュースで検証されているように ライブデータを使用して供給の中断を視覚化し ダウンストリームのシャットダウンを接続して消費容量の損失をリアルタイムで表示します n プライスオプティマイゼションアナリスティクス 世界の状況を素早く把握するため 地域間の競争 輸入 / 輸出 運賃と関税を考慮した地域間の価格を確認することができます n マージンアナリスティクス 原材料 その他の主な変動製造原価ならびに連産品量 売上の査定をそれぞれ分析を行っています > 価格レポートサンプルをリクエストするデモをリクエストする

13 SOLVENTS ACETONE ASIA S ACETONE SENTIMENT SOFT IN FIRST HALF 2019 ON SUPPLY DELUGE BY ANGELINE SOH JANUARY 2019 Asia s acetone market is likely to remain weak in the first half of 2019 as a result of supply deluge while demand may not see any improvement. More phenol/acetone volumes were added from the recent restarts at China-based plants from maintenance to an already-ample market. On 21 December, acetone prices on a cost and freight rate (CFR) China Main Port (CMP) basis were at their lowest levels since 26 February, at $ / tonne CFR CMP, according to ICIS data. Despite a series of turnarounds scheduled in the last three months, acetone supply remained high. This was due to high operating rates in China, motivated by strong margins of co-product, phenol. The average run rate at phenol plants in China stood at more than 80% in whereas average operating rate in the country was 70% in 2015, 71% in and 76% in. In addition, more acetone is produced than phenol, as one tonne of benzene produces one tonne of acetone and only tonnes of phenol. USD/tonne Jan- 09-Feb- 28-Feb- 16-Mar- 04-Apr- 20-Apr- 09-May- 25-May- 13-Jun- 04-Jul- 20-Jul- 08-Aug- 24-Aug- 12-Sep- 28-Sep- 17-Oct- 02-Nov- 21-Nov- 07-Dec- 02-Jan Jan-2019 Acetone CFR Asia SE Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Acetone CFR China Assessment Main Ports Dutiable Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Acetone CFR India Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) The acetone prices in were curbed by the high import volumes. From January to November, China s acetone imports were at 622,000 tonnes, as compared with 454,000 tonnes recorded in January-November, according to customs data. The average port volume on a monthly basis was less than 24,000 tonnes in. Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more

14 In, this figure was at more than 34,000 tonnes. Meanwhile, the supply is set to increase when Zhejiang Petrochemical s 250,000 tonne/year acetone unit starts in the second quarter, according to market participants. Changshu Changchun would expand their Changshubased plant in China to 240,000 tonnes/year from 180,000 tonnes/year. Although these plants will have downstream units, such consumption will not completely utilize the additional capacities. The additional volumes will be sold to the open market. As most of the projects are slated to happen in the second half of 2019, acetone volumes are likely to be under-utilized in the first half, with prices anticipated to be curbed MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Company TPCC Location Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan Phenol ( 000 tonnes/year) Acetone ( 000 tonnes/year) Timing 20 December Early Jan 2019 March-April 2019 LG Chem Daesan, South Korea Kumho P&B Yeosu, South No 3 Korea May 2019 Kumho P&B Yeosu, South No 4 Korea May 2019 Formosa Chemicals & Mailiao, Taiwan Fibre Corp H (FCFC) Mitsui End-June to Osaka, Japan Chemicals end-july End-October Mitsui Ichihara, Japan to mid- Chemicals November We are definitely more optimistic about prices in secondhalf 2019, a northeast Asia-based producer said. It may not be so bleak in the first-half [2019], since there are a few turnarounds scheduled, a southeast Asia-based distributor said. Producer Region Country Acetone BPA MMA IPA MIBK Start-up Zhejiang Petrochemical Zhejiang China Chang Chun (Changshu) Jiangsu China Q Formosa Chemicals Industries (Ningbo) Zhejiang China Covestro Shanghai China Lihuayi Weiyuan Shandong China 120 End-2019 Sinopec SABIC Tianjin Petrochemical Tianjin China Sailboat Petrochemical Jiangsu China 85 Q Heilongjiang Longxin Northeast China China 25 Q Dadi Supu Chemical Shandong China 100 Restart in early 2019 Shandong Hongxu Chemical Shandong China Chongqing Yixiang Chongqing China CNOOC Oriental Petrochemical Huizhou China Zhuhai Long Success Pasir Gudang Malaysia 50 Late 2020 Mitsui Chemical Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Kellin Chemicals Zhangjiagang China 15 H Yantai Wanhua Yantai China 15 No start-up date heard Zhuhai Long Success Zhuhai China 15 No start-up date heard

15 SOLVENTS BISPHENOL-A (BPA) ASIA BPA MARKETS SET FOR LIMITED FLUCTUATIONS BY MELANIE WEE JANUARY 2019 Asia bisphenol A (BPA) markets are poised to see limited fluctuations amid expectations of demand to stabilise at best in early Spot prices of BPA in key China markets have slumped in the fourth quarter of, dragged down by dwindling downstream demand, particularly in polycarbonate (PC) and epoxy resin applications. The largely bearish market was exacerbated by a persistently weak Chinese yuan (CNY) currency to the US dollar, depressed by the China-US trade war, making imports uneconomical. On a CFR (cost and freight) China basis, spot prices have tumbled to $1,250/tonne as of 21 December, marking a 23% decline from the same period a year ago and lows not seen since October, according to ICIS data. Chinese domestic prices of BPA have nosedived through most of the fourth quarter and were at CNY 10,700/tonne EXWH as of 21 December. This was down by 20% from the same period a year earlier, ICIS data showed. The bearish sentiment might spill over to the first quarter of 2019, amid a slowdown just before the Chinese Lunar New Year festival from 5 February There might be some [BPA] demand in January in China, but February will be quiet March is uncertain although scheduled plant turnarounds should limit supply, said a northeast Asia-based market source. Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more

16 The spread between BPA and raw material phenol in China has also been squeezed from $557/tonne at the start of the third quarter of, to just around $160/tonne towards the end of the fourth quarter. This has prompted several BPA producers to reduce plant operating rates as part of efforts to combat squeezed margins. By and large, February [markets] should be quiet because of the Lunar New Year holiday, said a northeast Asiabased market source. Depending on the US-China trade war and crude oil s price direction, spot BPA prices are not expected to see a significant rebound, according to market participants. Crude oil prices have weakened considerably in the fourth quarter of, on the back of oversupply concerns and a global economic slowdown. Several key petrochemicals have also fallen to multi-year lows in the fourth quarter. USD/tonne 2,000 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Typically healthy spread Typically unhealthy spread 15-J an- 05-Feb- 26-Feb- 19-Mar- 09-Apr- 30-Apr- 21-May- 11-J un- 02-J ul- 23-J ul- 13-Aug- 03-Sep- 24-Sep- 15-Oct- 05-Nov- 26-Nov- 17-Dec- Bisphenol A CFR China Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Bisphenol A CFR China Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range - Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) China s manufacturing activity measured by the Caixin China General Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) was 50.2 for November, hovering at just above the 50 level. A PMI reading of 50 or higher indicates an expansion, while a number below that denotes a contraction. The PMI reading was at 50.1 in October.

17 SOLVENTS GLYCOL ETHER ASIA S BG CONTINUES TO FACE AMPLE SUPPLY, WEAK CHINESE DEMAND BY LI LI CHNG JANUARY 2019 Butyl glycol spot prices in Asia may continue a trend of decline going into the first quarter of 2019, as the market would be inundated with Middle East flows and growing exports from other Asian producers. Demand wise, weakness would persist as China, a key buyer, faces shrinking economic growth. Signs of weakness were already apparent in the last three months of this year when fundamentals were bearish, and the outlook for next year is little changed. CHINA BG IMPORTS (TONNES) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 21K 20K 19K 18K 17K 16K 15K 14K 13K 12K 11K In the week ended 19 December, spot BG prices in China on zero antidumping duty (ADD) but subject to import duty basis, were assessed stable at an average of $930/tonne CFR (cost & freight), according to ICIS data. 10K 9K 8K 7K 6K The levels were the lowest since September. Spot BG prices in southeast Asia were assessed at $1,010/tonne CFR southeast Asia, down by $10/tonne week on week; prices declined to their weakest level since July. While supply from producers of various origins were readily available, demand from the downstream sectors was lukewarm and would remain unchanged going forward. A CHANGING SUPPLY LANDSCAPE China is the biggest import market in Asia, importing 151,403 tonnes of BG/butyl dy-glycol (BDG) between January to October, while the total imports in were 156,141 tonnes. (please see interactive below) The market has gone through a phase of change in trade flow since China imposed an increase in antidumping duties for cargoes of deep-sea origin earlier in the year. On 12 April, BG/BDG originating from the US is subject to % ADD rates, up from % previously. Cargoes from the EU is subject to ADDs of %, up from % previously. There was also an increase in supply in. For origins not subjected to China s ADD, the BG/BDG plant of Taiwan s Oriental Union Chemical Corp (OUCC) -- with a combined annual capacity of 30,000-40,000 tonnes -- started commercial operations in early. In addition, volumes from Sadara Chemical Company, which is a joint venture (JV) between US Dow Chemical and Saudi Aramco, became stable and cargoes are regularly exported to Asia from early.

18 Sadara s BG/BDG plant with a capacity of 200,000 tonnes/ year, started commercial runs in mid-. As the hefty hike in ADDs of US and EU cargoes hampered the sales of deep-sea material to China, Middle Eastern and other Asian producers became the key suppliers for China. Some of these deep-sea cargoes were then diverted to the wider Asia region where there is no ADD concern. Together with the increased capacity, Asia is awash with ample supple and intense competition from suppliers of various origins. This situation would persist in 2019 and some market consolidation could happen. South Korea s Lotte Chemical has been running on reduced operation rate at above 50% from November amid slow market conditions with no certainty when operation will resume to normalcy. While Sadara plans to undergo a turnaround in end January for around three weeks, it is unlikely to result in any supply tightness as the turnaround coincides with the Lunar New Year period. China and many Asian markets will be celebrating the Lunar New Year that begins in early February, traditionally celebrated for fifteen days. Businesses are expected to be slow around half a month before and after the holiday. WEAK SENTIMENT, SLOW DEMAND The market has been plagued with weak sentiment and slow demand for most part of. China s industrial firms reported 1.8% decrease in profits to CNY594.8bn ($86bn) in November comparing with oneyear ago, the first contraction since May 2015, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) showed. Slowing growth in sales and factory prices, combined with rising cost, led to the profits decline last month, the NBS said. The November s figure also marked the seventh consecutive drop. Downstream demand had been hit amid dismal business conditions largely attributed to the US-China trade war and China s stringent environmental protection measures that affected downstream plant operation. Moving forward, the outlook remains uncertain. Even as market players take a breather during the 90-Day trade truce between US and China, existing tariffs continue to be in place. Market players are largely uncertain if any concrete and positive outcome could be reached after the 90-Day truce. In the near team, demand from downstream paint and coating sectors would likely remain in a lull, amid a slowdown of the building industry during winter. Feedstock n-butanol and higher upstream ethylene have been largely on a downtrend in the fourth quarter of and may provide limited support to BG prices in January. BG, derived from ethylene oxide (EO) and n-butanol (NBA), is also known as ethylene glycol ethers (EGE). Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more

19 SOLVENTS ISOPROPANOL (IPA) AND METHYL ETHYL KETONE (MEK) ASIA SOLVENTS DEMAND MAY PICK UP ON RESTOCKING ACTIVITIES BY YUANLIN KOH JANUARY 2019 Asia s isopropanol (IPA) and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) may see a light at the end of the tunnel, with a demand recovery foreseeable in the earlier part of 2019 and that could set the trend of a balanced market for the year amidst a steady flow of supply. Demand is likely to emerge as soon as early 2019 after the year-end holidays as buyers are likely to stock up inventories. In the near term, demand for MEK is likely to pick up a little as buyers prepare some stocks before the Lunar New Year in early February. However, with the volatility of feedstock naphtha values, MEK demand in 2019 may be weaker than previous years. Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more INDUSTRY NEWS Our extensive global network of local experts report breaking news stories, covering chemical markets and events influencing commodity prices and affecting your daily business decisions. Stay fully informed and support your planning with: Real-time, round-the-clock news Market analysis and the likely impact on your markets Production and force majeure news SUPPLY & DEMAND DATABASE Receive end-to-end perspectives across the global petrochemical supply chain for over 100 petrochemical commodities, across 160 countries, with historical and projections from 1978 to The database enables you to: Put the local or regional scenario in a global context to support your planning Validate commercial and growth strategies Request a trial Find out more

20 Market sentiment traditionally improves after the Lunar New Year holidays, when most of the market would come back in full force to restock their depleting inventories and prepare for the year ahead. Supply of MEK, on the other hand, is not expected to be disrupted in 2019 after the biennial turnarounds of Japanese plants in. Similarly, in the near term, IPA demand may pick up on restocking activities in most parts of southeast Asia after the year-end holidays and before the Lunar New Year. Supply may re-balance or lengthen when propylene-based IPA plants come back onstream. A longer IPA supply situation is likely in the near term with support from other plants which would have resumed full operations after scheduled turnarounds by the end of. These may exert further downward pressure on IPA prices. In both of these markets, there will be sufficient supply to meet demand at least in the first quarter of This will moderate expectations of any price hikes amid the ongoing trade row between the world s top two economies. had found both IPA and MEK markets on a steady decline after peaking in the first quarter, owing to a rebalancing of markets after the arbitrage windows that opened in the second half of to Europe and the US closed. The IPA market declined steadily after peaking at $1,052.50/tonne CFR (cost & freight) SE (southeast) Asia USD/tonne 1,300 1,200 1,100 1, Feb- 23-Feb- 16-Mar- 06-Apr- 27-Apr- 18-May- 08-Jun- 29-Jun- 20-Jul- 10-Aug- 31-Aug- 21-Sep- 12-Oct- 02-Nov- 23-Nov- 14-Dec- 11-Jan-2019 Acetone CFR China Assessment Main Ports Dutiable Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne Isopropanol CFR Asia SE Assessment Spot 4 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne Propylene CFR Asia NE Assessment Spot 2-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne on 23 February according to ICIS data because of softening feedstock acetone costs on abundant supply and weak downstream demand. Another major IPA feedstock, propylene, was on the rise during the better part of, hitting a new high on the back of tight supply on 12 October. Spot prices were assessed at $1,187.50/tonne CFR NE (northeast) Asia, ICIS data showed. This resulted in even tighter margins for propylene-based IPA producers. Most of the propylene-based IPA plants in China were forced to shut on loss of margins. Japanese propylene-based IPA suppliers were under immense pressure to sell at competitive prices to their regular customers. Coupled with several plant troubles during the course of the year, Japanese supply was limited. As such, their exports during this troubling time were few and far in between. Demand for acetone-based IPA was higher as a result. However, IPA prices fell due to weak downstream demand and the ongoing Asian currency depreciation against the US dollar.

21 MEK had been on a downward trend for the better part of, as the market rebalanced following the arbitrage to Europe and the US in. MEK prices in Asia fell to a four-month low, tracking weakness in the Chinese domestic market. On 30 November, prices in Asia were assessed at $1,050/tonne CFR (cost & freight) NE (northeast) Asia; $1,070/tonne CFR SE (southeast) Asia; and $1,085/tonne CFR India, according to ICIS data. Prices were down about % from their peaks hit on 5 January, ICIS data showed. was a heavy turnaround year for Japanese and Taiwanese producers, whose export availability was severely limited in addition to unforeseen facility or upstream issues. Also, in light of weak Chinese domestic demand and the ongoing US-China trade war, Chinese supply was considered long in. USD/tonne 1,750 1,500 1,250 1, Feb- 23-Feb- 16-Mar- 06-Apr- 27-Apr- 18-May- 08-Jun- 29-Jun- 20-Jul- 10-Aug- 31-Aug- 21-Sep- 12-Oct- 02-Nov- 23-Nov- 14-Dec- 11-Jan-2019 MEK CFR Asia NE Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne MEK CFR Asia SE Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne MEK CFR India Assessment Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne Naphtha CFR Japan Assessment Spot Half Month 4 and 5 Full Market Range (Mid) : USD/tonne In an effort to offload their cargoes, China offered at competitive prices to the rest of Asia, which buyers found to be attractive. However, most of the market stood on the sideline, buying hand-to-mouth, in an eventful year which saw crude prices rise and fall dramatically on geopolitical factors such as the trade war between US and China and the expected global economic slowdown in 2019.

22 SOLVENTS METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) ASIA S MTBE MAY FACE A SUPPLY DELUGE FROM NEW PLANTS BY KEVEN ZHANG JANUARY 2019 Asia s methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is likely to face a supply glut in 2019, owing to the onset of new plants while sluggish demand would prevail. CHINA S MTBE IMPORT - (TONNES) In 2019, increasing supply availability will change the regional balance. The key plants in China are the mega-sized integrated refinery-petrochemical projects, including Hengli Petrochemical in Dalian and Zhejiang Petrochemical in Zhoushan. In addition, all eyes fall on Malaysia s Petronas Refinery and Petrochemical Integrated Development (RAPID) and the upgrade of Taiwan s Formosa Petrochemical Corp (FPCC). CHINA S MTBE EXPORT - (TONNES) Chinese import volumes had fallen year on year owing to ample local supply, after the 740,000 tonne/year Sinopec Jinling-Huntsman MTBE plant started in the second half of. China saw its first export MTBE to India from Sinopec Jinling-Huntsman, and the export volumes to Singapore and South Korea increased. Meanwhile, South Korea will become a net MTBE exporting country. S-Oil commissioned a high-severity residue fluid catalytic cracker (HS-RFCC) at Onsan in September. In October, Korea s MTBE imports fell by 58.4% to 5,402 tonnes from 12,979 tonnes in September. On the export side, the volume saw an explosive growth from 34 tonnes in September to 10,004 tonnes, indicating a net export of nearly 5,000 tonnes. MTBE Capacity ( 000 tonne) Estimated Start Up (as of Nov 18) Petronas, Malaysia 390 Q FPCC, Taiwan 350 Q Hengli Petrochemical, China 840 Q Zhejiang Petrochemical, China 180 Q As northeast Asia becomes self-sufficient, the excess supply is poised to flow into the southeast Asia market, which is traditionally dominated by the Middle-East producers. MTBE of Middle East origin including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Qatar, accounts for more than 90% of Singapore import market. A steady number of Middle Eastern origin cargoes continue to flow to Asia throughout. For 2019, several term Middle East contracts were concluded at lower levels than last year. The [term contract negotiation] process were more difficult than [it was in ], said a northeast Asian producer. In response to rising supply, producers may cut operating rates of the less profitable plant units, or convert MTBE units into alkylate ones.

23 Basis Floating price premium for 2019 ($/tonne) Floating price premium for ($/ tonne) CFR Singapore FOB Singapore + 17 FOB Singapore + 22 FOB NE Asia FOB Singapore + 0 to -1 FOB Singapore +3 to +5 CFR NE Asia FOB Singapore +20 FOB Singapore + 25 Chinese MTBE consumption will be dampened as China s planned implementation of Ethanol-10 (E10) gasoline draws near, and following recent hikes in domestic fuel prices. Downstream gasoline will remain well supplied as several refinery capacity will be further added in 2019, including China s mega refinery project, Malaysia s RAPID and Adnoc s Ruwais plant restart. However, other downstream applications of MTBE would see a growth in capacity, supporting demand for the product. China s Wanhua Chemical 50,000 tonne/year MMA plant will start up in the first quarter of 2019, and Singapore s Sumitomo Chemical will restart MMA Line 2 in the fourth quarter of Both plants use MTBE as sole feedstock. Eleven provinces in the country have started trial usage of E10 gasoline this year, with Beijing and Tianjin expected to follow suit, before the expected full implementation in E10 refers to the fuel with a 10% ethanol blend. Ethanol, which is a chemical derived from food material, can replace MTBE as octane-boosting additive for gasoline in China. Elsewhere in Asia, demand is driven by gasoline blending in Singapore and prices of other blending stocks such as aromatics products. The consumption of MTBE became weak since October because of a gasoline supply glut. Asia s gasoline cracks over Brent crude oil weakened to below $1/bbl since November. Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more

24 SOLVENTS PHENOL ASIA PHENOL H1 SENTIMENT SEEN SLUGGISH ON PLANT RESTARTS BY ANGELINE SOH JANUARY 2019 The sentiment in the Asian phenol market is expected to be sluggish in the first half of 2019, weighed by ample supply following the restarts at China-based plants from maintenance. On 2 November, prices on a cost and freight rate (CFR) China Main Port (CMP) basis were at their highest levels since 24 October 2014, at $1,430-1,490/tonne CFR CMP, according to ICIS data. The benzene-phenol spread also reached a historical high of more than $720/tonne as of end-october; the average spread is typically set at $150/tonne. The strong margins led to high average operating rates in China. The average run rate at phenol plants in China stood at more than 80% as of mid-december. China s average operating rate was 70% in 2015, 71% in and 76% in. From 2 November to 14 December, prices dropped by $350/tonne, with levels assessed at $1,050-1,150/tonne on the latter date. Prices on 14 December fell by $350/ tonne from 2 November to $1,050-1,150/tonne on bearish sentiment following the restart at several domestic units. By January 2019, all domestic phenol plants in China are expected to be in operation. Moreover, trades were further hindered by the upcoming announcement of the preliminary anti-dumping duty (ADD). PRICE TRENDS FROM 2014 TO 1,700 USD/tonne 1,600 1,400 1,200 1, Feb- 01-J an- 22-J an- 05-Mar- 26-Mar- 16-Apr- Higher incentive for integrated phenol producers to produce phenol instead of selling benzene Lower incentive for integrated phenol producers to produce phenol instead of selling benzene 07-May- 28-May- 18-J un- 09-J ul- 30-J ul- 20-Aug- 10-S ep- 01-Oct- 22-Oct- 12-Nov- 03-Dec- 31-Dec- Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Benzene FOB South Korea Assessment Spot Third and fourth half month Closing Value (Mid) Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range - Benzene FOB South Korea Assessment Spot Third and fourth half month Closing Value (Mid) On 26 March, China started anti-dumping investigations on phenol imports from the US, European Union, South Korea, Japan and Thailand. The investigations were undertaken in response to requests from representative domestic producers, including PetroChina Jilin Petrochemical, Changshu Changchun, CEPSA Shanghai, Sinopec Mitsui Chemicals, Bluestar Harbin Petrochemical, Yangzhou Shiyou and Huizhou Zhongxin. The preliminary results of the investigation was expected in late September, typically six months after the launch. However, as of mid-december, the results had not been announced. USD/tonne 1,450 1, Jul Sep Dec Mar May Aug Oct Jan- 01-Apr- 17-Jun- 02-Sep- 18-Nov- 10-Feb- 28-Apr- 14-Jul- 29-Sep- 15-Dec- 09-Mar- 25-May- 10-Aug- 26-Oct- 18-Jan-2019 Phenol CFR China Assessment Main Ports Spot 4-6 Weeks Full Market Range (Mid) Market players explained that it was first delayed after the trade war between China and the US commenced. US-origin phenol bound for China was slapped with a 10% import duty in late August, when the second volley of shots were fired in the trade war between the two economic giants. Subsequently, another delay occurred due to the G20 leaders summit in Argentina, where there was a truce in new import tariffs between China and the US. There was much caution noted during the contractual negotiations for 2019, with some players expecting about 10% of ADD for several Asia-based producers and more than 10% for the US-origin cargoes.

25 2019 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE Company Location Phenol Acetone ( 000 tonnes/year) Timing ( 000 tonnes/year) Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan December Early Jan 2019 Acetone Daesan, South Korea March-April 2019 ( 000 tonnes/year) Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Timing Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 TPCC Linyuan, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan December Early Jan 2019 LG Chem Daesan, South Korea March-April 2019 Kumho P&B No 3 Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Kumho P&B No 4 Yeosu, South Korea May 2019 Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp Mailiao, Taiwan H Mitsui Chemicals Osaka, Japan End-June to end-july Mitsui Chemicals Ichihara, Japan End-October to mid-november We don t expect to see much US cargoes from 2019 onwards, unless there is a major surprise from the tradewar, a China-based trader said. According to data from China Customs, phenol imports hit a record low at 172,900 tonnes in 2015, down by 20.4% from 217,200 tonnes in 2014, but then increased significantly in. In the US was the leading exporter of phenol to China, contributing nearly 30% of total imports compared to the second largest exporter, Taiwan, at 25%, and the third largest, Japan, at 15%. Import volumes went up further in, up by 47.2% year on year to 365,500 tonnes, with cargoes from the US, EU, South Korea, Japan and Thailand amounting to 330,000 tonnes and occupying 90% of the total. However, in, there was minimal spot volumes of USorigin cargoes heard following the ADD investigation. On the supply front in the US, availability of the material has fallen after Shell idled its Phenol 3 plant at its Deer Park facility in Texas in mid-january ; the plant produced about 240,000 tonnes of phenol per year, representing about 40% of the company s total capacity. After the ADD, origins not slapped with the duty will be in high demand. This means buyers will be keen in the Saudiand India-origin cargoes, another China-based trader said. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia s Petro Rabigh started up its 470,000 tonnes/year plant at the start of while Deepak Phenolics started up its 200,000 tonnes/year plant in August. On the other hand, domestic demand could be met with higher local supply, with Zhejiang Petrochemicals 470,000 tonne/year plant expected to start in H Despite expectations of longer domestic supply from China, other Asia-based sellers hoped prices in H1 could be bolstered with the regional turnaround schedule. Prices could also be bolstered by downstream expansions: CPDC China is set to start its 150,000 tonnes/year cyclohexanone plant in Rudong, Jiangsu province in April Chang Chun Plastics is set to start its 135,000 tonnes/year bis-phenol (BPA) in Jiangsu province in June or July Lihuayi is set to start its 120,000 tonnes/year BPA plant in Shandong in Q Covestro is set to expand its BPA capacity in Shanghai in Q4. The exact capacity could not be immediately verified. Critical market data, tools & expertise PRICING AND ANALYTICS SOLUTIONS ICIS offers a unique combination of analytics tools, pricing data and market information for over 180 commodities, across all key regions, designed to help you navigate and optimise opportunities in an ever-changing market, making complex analytics simple for you to: Spot opportunities, minimise risk and pre-empt competition Shape future strategies and expand your opportunities Maintain a competitive advantage and negotiate better prices with other market players Analytics tools for the petrochemical market include: Live Disruptions Tracker: Supply Live Disruptions Tracker: Impact Price Drivers Analytics Price Optimisation Analytics Margin Analytics Supply & Demand Outlooks FORECAST REPORTS The ICIS Price Forecast Reports include a rolling 12-month price forecast, current and historical prices for key commodities with information on upstream markets and major industry drivers that affect the prices and margins of the commodities you are tracking. Our reports also enable you with a bigger picture of macroeconomic factors that are shaping the chemical markets, with an economic outlook, alternative scenarios and projections to help you plan for the future. Request a demo Find out more

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