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1 No.15, , 2014 No 西 ニューギニアの 神 経 難 病 多 発 地 域 を 歩 くー 第 3 報 医 療 と 文 化 貨 幣 経 済 地 母 神 平 田 温 1) 奥 宮 清 人 2) M.B. インドラジャヤ 3) エヴァ ガルシア デル サス 4) 稲 村 哲 也 5) 葛 原 茂 樹 6) 小 久 保 康 昌 7) 藤 澤 道 子 8) 石 本 恭 子 8) 木 村 友 美 8) 今 井 必 生 9) 陳 文 玲 9) 瀬 口 春 道 10) 松 林 公 蔵 8) 1) 北 秋 田 市 民 病 院 神 経 内 科 2) 総 合 地 球 環 境 学 研 究 所 3)ワメナ 総 合 病 院 4) 高 知 大 学 医 学 部 5) 放 送 大 学 6) 鈴 鹿 医 療 科 学 大 学 7) 三 重 大 学 地 域 イノベーション 学 研 究 科 8) 京 都 大 学 東 南 アジア 研 究 所 9) 京 都 大 学 医 学 研 究 科 フィールド 医 学 10) 神 戸 女 子 大 学 はじめに ( 1 ) 1,2) ニューギニアの 医 療 と 文 化 1:サゴヤシ 文 化 圏 とサゴワーム Asmat Agats Agats 8 August( ) 2000 Agats 3 August 30 Sebrum( ) Emeryana( ) Dr. Sebrum 8 ( ) 4 ( ) Timika roving eye movement 8 Maruku 4 175

2 西 ニューギニア 調 査 地 域 図 1 西 ニューギニア 調 査 地 域 30 Dr. Sebrum Emeryana ( 2 ) Sago worm 5% 20% Asmat Asmat Amosh Toh?? Merauke( )?! Jayapura 3) ( 3) 176

3 No ニューギニアの 医 療 と 文 化 2: 資 本 主 義 の 侵 入 とアルコ 1 Bade 5 Edera Digul Edera Benggo Edera 50 m 10 1 ( )? 20 ( 4 ) Benggo 1 Bade ( 10 ) 5 mandi Edera 1 m 100 Km swamp bagus(!) mandi 2 nasi( ) 6 10 (Auyu Du 2 ) Edera Auyu Venaha Venaha district Benggo (slit-drum), slit-drum 177

4 西ニューギニアの神経難病多発地域を歩く 第 3 報 平田 温ほか ニューギニア アガッツのホテルで夕食に供されたサゴワーム Sagoを食べる ナシ シベールの日曜日 図 3 Sago を食べる 図 2 ニューギニア アガッツのホテルで夕食に供され たサゴワーム エンジンが故障しEdera川を漂流 フランス映画 シベール の日曜日 アンカラ博物館のキュベレー像 図 4 エンジンが故障し Edera 川を漂流 図 5 フランス映画 シベールの日曜日 アナトリアのチャタル ヒ ュユクで発見された土偶女 神像 7000年前のものと 推定 図 6 アンカラ博物館のキュベレー像 アナトリアのチャタル ヒュユクで発見された土偶女神像 7000 年 前のものと推定 178

5 No Benggo Edera Memes Edera 3 Pies Pies 10 ALS Digul Tanamera Digul Asiki Edera Asiki ニューギニアの 医 療 と 文 化 3:ノマドとし てのアウユ 族 と 移 動 の 理 由 Bruce Chatwin What am I doing here? 4) ( ) 179

6 ( ) Yakobus( 仮 名 )60 歳 台 男 Edera Yibin possible ALS L-DOPA Yibin 12 Sahapikia Sahapikia Yakobus L-DOPA spirit(auyu Dukun ) Auyu Yakobus ( 1 ) Bade 5 Yibin Sahapikia 1) 始 原 の 神 の 名 あるいは シベールの 日 曜 日 Cybèle ou les Dimanches de Ville d Avray Cybèle ou les Dimanches de Ville d Avray ( 5 ) ( 1950 ) 12 : 180

7 No Cybèle ( ) y= = ( ) 5) 6) ( ) ( = ) ( 50 ) Kybele Cybèle = 4,000 = 8000 ( 6) Cybèle Cybèle ( ) ( ) =! = 7) 3,000 2,

8 1, ( ) ( ) = ( ) おわりに ( ) ( ) = 8) ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) 文 献 1) : No.9: , ),,,, M.B.,,,,,,,, : 2 No.14: , ) :,2002 4) Bruce Chatwin: What am I doing here? Vintage Classics, ) 100 STORY,1994 6),,1956 7),2000 8),

9 No Summary Third Report of A Longitudinal Survey of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Walking in Swampy Jungle of West New Guinea Medical Sciences, Culture, Monetary Economy and Gaea, the Goddess of the Earth Yutaka Hirata 1), Kiyohito Okumiya 2), M.B.Indrajaya 3), Eva Garcia del Saz 4), Tetsuya Inamura 5), Shigeki Kuzuhara 6), Yasumasa Kokubo 7), Michiko Fujisawa 8), Yasuko Ishimoto 8), Yumi Kimura 8), Hissei Imai 9), Wenling Chen 9), Harumichi Seguchi 10) and Kozo Matsubayashi 8) 1) Department of Neurology, KitaAkita Municipal Hospital 2) Research Institute for Humanity and Nature 3) Wamena General Hospital 4) Kochi Medical School 5) The Open University of Japan 6)Suzuka University of Medical Science 7)Graduate School of Regional InnovationStudies, Mie University 8) Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University 9) Department of Field Medicine, Kyoto University 10) Kobe Women's University This is the third report of of a longitudinal survey of neuro-degenerative diseases, walking in swampy jungle of West New Guinea. When we visited small city of Agats, where about five thousand people of the Asmat tribe lived, we found very few patients with neuro-degenerative diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Parkinson disease. City of Agats lies a few hundred kilometers northwest to the main district of Mappi, where many patients with neuro-degenerative diseases have been found by our survey. When we had dinner in a hotel in Agats, we barely managed to eat the Sago worm which lived in a Sago palm tree. A female doctor from a big city of Indonesia said that she had never eaten those ugly worms and that it is another culture in her country. In the old days of coastal swampy jungle of West New Guinea, Sago was once the staple food among many tribes of Papua. But monetary economy has changed their self-sufficient living of life, and people now need money to get rice from outlander merchants. A young man has been suffering from retrobulbar optic neuritis, and became blind. He worked in a palm oil factory to get money only to take to drinking methyl-alcohol. A French film named Cybèle ou les Dimanches de Ville d Avray was awarded the American Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in The heroine of the film confided that her true name is Cybèle, very old name in ancient times. In the cinema, I wondered how old it could be. Thirty years later when I visited Turkey, I found that Cybèle was a Greek goddess of the earth, a Gaea or Gaia. But I found also that the big plaster figure in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara was named as the Goddess of the Earth. This figure was thought to be built 8,000 years ago. Nowadays modern Turkish people regard Cybèle as the same goddess of the earth. So the name of Cybèle might be traced as old as in the New Stone Age. Papuan people lived the Stone Age living until quite recently. And Asmat people make wood carvings resembling the Anatolian figure, and I wonder if they once called them Cybèle before the era of monetary economy. 183

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