世界のバイオ燃料利用の状況と今後の展開 -沖縄バイオマスセミナ資料-
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2 ( ) -IEA International Energy Agency IEA) World Energy Outlook ( ) ( : kl) b/d b/d 10% b/d %
3 ( 28 ( 28 kl) ( 132 ( 132 kl) kl) FFV FFV kl) kl) kl) EU CO CO 2 2 EU EU EU
4 1 ( : kl) % 8% kl 77% F.O.Licht Licht 15% kl 54 85% 3
5 2 : ) : 2010 E5 EU: : ) E5,E10: ETBE: 9 E10 : 0.9 kl (EU, 2005) : 3.9 kl (2006) : ) E5 ( ) ( : ) 2007 E10 ( ) E3 ETBE : kl ( 36 kl) : ( : ) 28.5 kl (2012) : 19.2 kl (2006) : 2.5 kl (2006) (132 kl) ( : ) 2009 E5 E10 E3, E5: 3 (5%) E10, E20 E25: 10 (20 25%) ETBE: Ethyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ( : ) E20 E25, E100 (FFV ) 16.7 kl (2006) : 3.0 kl (2006) 4
6 バイオエタノールの海外状況 1 ブラジルでのバイオエタノール生産 セラード灌木地帯 アマゾン熱帯雨林 パンタナール湿原 全土 851百万ha 全土 851百万ha 耕作可能地 320百万ha 耕作可能地 320百万ha(38%) (38%) 既耕作地 60百万ha 既耕作地 60百万ha 内サトウキビ畑 6.4百万ha 内サトウキビ畑 6.4百万ha 未耕作地 260百万ha 未耕作地 260百万ha 内セラード耕作可能地90百万ha 内セラード耕作可能地90百万ha 大西洋熱帯雨林 現在のサトウキビ生産地 セラード 5
7 2 (Sao (Sao Paulo Paulo St., St., Parana Parana St. ) St. ) kl kl (Alagoas (AlagoasSt., St., Pernambuco PernambucoSt. ) kl kl Sao Sao Paulo ( ha ha ) ) 2006 :: ha % 20% % 23% Flexible Fuel Fuel Vehicle Vehicle % 80% FFV FFV 6
8 3 ( : kl) 7
9 :: gal/ ( 19 kl/ ) kl/ ) gal/ (23 kl/ ) % 20% (54.6 (54.6 )) MTBE Renewable Fuel Association) 8
10 5 MTBE Ethanol Handbook 2006, American Coalition of Ethanol) 9
11 10 6 EU EU % ( ) % 18.5% ETBE 20 / (2005 ) 2006 EU (29.6,2005 ) E10 EU 10 kl/ (2005 ) ETBE EU EU % ( ) % 18.5% ETBE 20 / (2005 ) 2006 EU (29.6,2005 ) E10 EU 10 kl/ (2005 ) ETBE
12 E10 5 ( ) 27 (4 ) E / (1.28 kl) (4.06 kl) 2007 E10 (MTBE 2006 ) E E E5 E10 ( ) E5 ( ) 2002 E10 5 ( ) 27 (4 ) E / (1.28 kl) (4.06 kl) 2007 E10 (MTBE 2006 ) E E E5 E10 ( ) E5 ( )
13 ETBE84 kl 36 kl) 36 kl) 2007 SS SS kl 2010 : 2010 : ETBE ( =80 kl/ ) =80 kl/ ) 2020 : 2020 : 2/3 ETBE E3 (190 kl/ ) (190 kl/ ) 2030 : 2030 : E10 (380 kl) (380 kl) ETBE (E3) 12
14 2. : : : : :, : E3 :,, : : E3,,, : : : E3 :,, : :,,,, : : : E3 13
15 1 : EU: : B5, B100 : B5, B30 : B5, B30 B30 ( : ) 28.5 kl (2012) B25 B : 35 kl (2006) : ) B5 B5 B5 JASO ( ) 2006 B B3 ( ) B1 B1 B5:FAME 1 5% B20, E30: FAME 20%, 30% B100: FAME FAME: Fat Acid Methyl Ester ( : ) 2005 ( : ) ( : ) 2025 BDF : 470 kl BDF (2008 B2, 2013 B5) 14
16 15 1 (1) EU ( %) BDF % (100%BDF) BDF 5% 80% 98% 3 ( ) 80% BDF 167 (2005 ) BDF 52% B5 100% BDF( ) EU BDF B5 B30 EU ( %) BDF % (100%BDF) BDF 5% 80% 98% 3 ( ) 80% BDF 167 (2005 ) BDF 52% B5 100% BDF( ) EU BDF B5 B30
17 1 (2) BDF (2005 ) (2005 ) B5 B30 BDF BDF ( : kl) 16
18 17 2 ( ) BDF 1% 1990 B20 B2 B5 BDF 2005 (100%BDF) BDF BDF B B B BDF BDF ( ) BDF 1% 1990 B20 B2 B5 BDF 2005 (100%BDF) BDF BDF B B B BDF BDF ( : k)l
19 3 (1) Malaysian Malaysian Palm Palm Oil Oil Board 2002 B2, B2, B5, B5, B B National National Bio Bio Fuel Fuel Policy 2006 BDF2 5% BDF (Crude (Crude Palm Palm Oil; Oil; CPO) / National National Energy Energy Management Management Plan Plan BDF BDF 470 kl 470 kl CPO CPO CPO 86% 86% CPO CPO 90% 90% 18
20 19 3 (2) 10% 2011 BDF 3% 2003 BDF(CBE) CBE100% 2004 CBE1% CBE B (Jatropha Curcas) BDF 10% 2011 BDF 3% 2003 BDF(CBE) CBE100% 2004 CBE1% CBE B (Jatropha Curcas) BDF
21 4 WORLD MAJOR PRODUCERS OF PALM OIL ('000 TONNES) f Malaysia 2,573 4,134 6,095 7,811 10,842 11,804 11,908 13,354 13,974 14,961 15, % Indonesia 691 1,243 2,413 4,220 7,050 8,030 9,370 10,530 12,380 13,920 15, % Nigeria % Thailand % Colombia % Papua New Guinea % Ivory Coast % Ecuador % Costa Rica % Brazil % Honduras % Venezuela % Others ,078 1,029 1,038 1, % TOTAL 4,584 7,037 11,019 15,202 21,876 23,960 25,380 28,190 30,920 33,610 36, % Source : Oil World Annual /Apr'06, 21/Jly'06, 24/Nov'06 20
22 1 (1) (Fat (Fat Acid Acid Methyl Methyl Ester, Ester, FAME) JASO( ) FAME 5% B BDF BDF BDF (5kl/ ) (5kl/ ) B20( ) ) B100( )) B5 :: 1,300kl( 1,300kl( )) ::
23 1 (2) B5 2 BHD BHD (Bio (Bio Hydrofined HydrofinedDiesel) BDF B5 13 BDF( ) B5 B / 22
24 23 BDF 1,000 ( kl ) 95 B B100 2 ( ) B B ,300kl( ) B5 2. ( ) B5 13 B5 ( ) BDF B /
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2007 1. 2 1. 3 . kl 1400 kl 1200 800 24 700 1000 600 800 600 400 200 0 500 400 300 200 100 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 0 76 44 56 53 47 IEA Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2006 57 OECD OECD 52 35 35 43
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NEDO 2001 17 (640 kl) 2006 49 (1,850 kl) 5 3 2012 75 (2,840 kl)eia Energy Information Administration 112 (4,240 kl) 1 1 EIA 1MTBE 2 3 Twenty in Ten 4 5EIA 2 6 1 EIA: Annual Energy Outlook 2007 16 F.O.Licht
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1 2009825 2 / 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 2030 2006 45% 2006 61% CO223% 0 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 World Energy Outlook 2008, IEA CO2 / 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 2020 2040 50 2060
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2008 2 2 CO 2 CO 2 2 1 1 1 11 E3E10 310 2006 Renewable Fuels Association 134.69 510 7 36.0% 33.3% 7.5% 3.7% 1.9%1980 90 MTBE 2005 2012 75 2005 1 2006 FAPRIFood and Agricultural Policy Research Institute
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TURKMENISTAN AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN KAZAKHSTAN UZBEKISTAN KYRGYZSTAN TAJIKISTAN NEPAL BHUTAN INDIA LAOS BANGLADESH THAILAND MONGOLIA CAMBODIA MALAYSIA NORTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA TAIWAN PHILIPPINES AUSTRALIA
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13,996t 0% 2,379.3t 17.0% 4,630t 0% 532.4t 11.5% 72.9% 96.6% 3,000t 2.9% 3,000t 100.0% 20t BDF 75.0% 18t 90.0% 1,053t 1,053t 100.0% 1,068t 19.9% 854t 80.2% 670t 21.8% 670t
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26 3 31 BDF BDF BDF FAME BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF BDF FAME BDF BDF 80.0 97.0% BDF 120 330 0.8% 2.2% 1. 1 1-1 1 1-2 1 2. 2 2-1 2 2-2 5 2-3 6 3. BDF 7 3-1 7 3-2 7 3-3 14 3-4 JOY 21 3-5 32 3-6 39 3-7
Regular Midgrade Premium Total Conventional 451 43 68 562 66.6% 56.6% 58.1% 64.6% Oxygenated 22 4 2 28 3.2% 5.3% 1.7% 3.2% Reformulated 204 29 47 280
1 RONMON Regular Midgrade Premium Total Conventional 451 43 68 562 66.6% 56.6% 58.1% 64.6% Oxygenated 22 4 2 28 3.2% 5.3% 1.7% 3.2% Reformulated 204 29 47 280 30.1% 38.2% 40.2% 32.2% Total 677 76 117 870
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