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1 The Effect of Visual Occlusion during Quiet Eye Training on Free-Throw Accuracy in Novice Basketball Player Yuuki MIZUSAKI, Hiroki NAKAMOTO, Shiro MORI Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an intervention designed to train effective visual control (quiet eye-training) before and after movement onset in basketball free throw. Eighteen varsity students who played basketball but had not received any basketball-specific training were assigned to a Control group (CT), a Quiet eye training group (QE), and a Quiet eye and visual occlusion training group (QE+occ). They each performed twenty free throws before and after training periods. During training periods, the CT was provided with instruction on how to perform a free throw. In addition, QE was provided with instruction on visual control before the onset of movement. Further, QE+occ received instruction on visual control after the onset of movement. All participants showed improved accuracy in free throwing as a result of this training. However, they did not acquire effective visual control before and after the onset of movement. These results suggest that effective visual control may be attained after acquiring motor programming for free throwing. Keyword: Quiet Eye, Visual occlusion, Location-inhibition hypothesis NBA.. Sports Reference LLC, Quiet Eye QE QE Bull's Eye Vickers, ; Vickers et al., Vickers

2 ms ms Harle and Vickers QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE Vickers, ; Williams et al., QE QE QE QE Vickers QE QE QE QE QE QE QE CT QE QE QE QE QE+ occlusion : QE+occ

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4 Arrington Research View Point CT QE QE+occ Cleary et al. CT QE QE QE occ QE 表 1 フリースローの 打 ち 方 に 関 する 教 示 (Cleary et al., 2006) 表 2 Quiet Eye を 用 いたトレーニングに 関 する 教 示 ( 永 田 ら, 2009) QE QE ms QE Vickers, Cleary et al., /

5 QE Bonferroni SPSS SPSS SPSS for windows. : F, =., p <., p =., : F, =., p <., p =. QE QE QE+occ QE CT F <. F <. QE 図 3 トレーニング 後 のパフォーマンス 得 点 の 変 化 図 2 トレーニング 後 の QE 時 間 の 変 化 図 4 トレーニング 後 のフリースロー 成 功 率 の 変 化. >. power =. QE

6 F <. F <. 図 5 トレーニング 後 のリリース 位 置 の 変 化 QE QE QE QE QE QE Fitts and Posner QE Leavitt QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE

7 QE Vickers, QE+occ Lee and Aronson QE QE QE QE Vine and Wilson QE QE Cleary, T.J., Zimmerman, B.J., and Keating, T Training physical education students to self-regulate during basketball free throw practice. Research

8 Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77 2 : Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.G., and Buchner, A G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39: Retrieved from de/abteilungen/aap/gpower3/ Fitts, P. M., and Posner, M.I Human performance. Belmont, CA; Books/Cole, pp Harle, S. K., and Vickers, J. N Training quiet eye improves accuracy in the basketball free throw. The Sport Psychologist, 15: Leavitt, J. L Cognitive demands of skating and stickhandling in ice hockey. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 4 1 : Lee, D. N., and Aronson, E Visual proprioceptive control of standing in human infants. Perception & Psychophysics, 15 3 : Quiet Eye jbl.or.jp/ pp Sports Reference LLC Vickers, J. N Visual control when aiming at a far target. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance, 2: Vickers, J. N., Rodrigues, S. T., and Edworthy, G Quiet eye and accuracy in the dart throw. International Journal of Sports Vision, 6: Vine, S. J., and Wilson, M. R The influence of quiet eye training and pressure on attention and visuo-motor control. Acta Psychologica, : Williams, A. M., Singer, R. N., and Frehlich, S. G Quiet eye duration, expertise, and task complexity in near and far aiming tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior, 34 2 :

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