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1 , Problems in Using the Revised Calendar and Ephemeris Mitsuru SÔMA Abstract Calendar and Ephemeris is annually published by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. It has been revised since its 2009 issue to give daily ephemerides of the Sun, Moon and planets with the precision of 0 ṣ 001 in right ascension and of 0.01 in declination, but the revision brought deficiencies such that one cannot interpolate the ephemeris of the Moon with that precision etc. This paper clarifies such deficiencies of the publication to draw attention of its users to these facts. It is hoped that the deficiencies pointed out in this paper will be overcome in the future issues of Calendar and Ephemeris. This paper also discusses what value should be used as the mean distance of the Moon ṣ ,2 21 Brown DE405/LE405 1

2 0.6 Eris ṣ The Astronomical Almanac 0 ṣ The Astronomical Almanac Online usno.navy.mil/ ,2 0 ṣ Bessel Tables and Data B n Interpolation and Allied Tables 3 2

3 , t 1 t 0 t +1 t +2,, f 1, f 0, f +1, f +2, t 0 t +1 t 1 f p 2 n = 1, 2, 3, 3 4 B n 0.5 B p 1 2 p f 0 f +1 p = 0 p = 1 B 2 p f 1, f 0, f +1, f +2 p = 0 p = 1 p = 1 p = ṣ 7 2 ṣ 1 3

4 a b ṣ a TT h h m s b 2009 TT h ṣ ṣ ṣ ṣ ṣ ṣ ṣ

5 0.5 p.d3 2 ṣ ṣ ṣ h TT 0 h h 1 0 p 1 0 p /

6 s M M p.1 21 p km km km km km p.f km km km j = 2 0 = a e = km 1976 r = a e / sin 0 = km 0 = a e = km a e 0 a e a e a e = km 0 IAU = International Astronomical Union ,5 F 2 d m Hill Kepler a 7 Hill Brown Brown DE200/LE200 8 Chapront-Touzé & Chapront ELP F 2 Brown 1964 d m 6

7 9 G E n JPL DE405/LE GM n J Chapront et al d m km 0 a e = km = a e = km DE405/LE405 ELP Chapront et al. 11 S2001 MCEP Main Problem km km d 1 15 DE405/LE , d m d ,450 DE405/LE km km km km

8 16 km ELP2000 d 1 = km DE405/LE Watts 12 13,14 13 r 18 s S 1 AU Auwers Greenwich The Nautical Almanac 1896 Auwers The Astronomical Almanac IAU km 1 AU Harris 18 Danjon 19, Hilton Hilton SOHO

9 Eris 20 Eris IAU 15, Eris TT TT ṃ 1 1 s

10 p. 36 p a 20 0 h b21 0 h a b b 22 h m s 21 0 h m s /phenomena/ /index.html 10

11 jp/koho/syoshi/correct/eph2009.htm 21 cande/errata.html 21 : , H.M.Nautical Almanac Office: Interpolation and Allied Tables, Her Majesty s Stationery Office, London 1956 IAU: Trans. IAU, 12B, H.M.Nautical Almanac Office: Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Ephemeris and the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac Fourth impression with amendments Her Majesty s Stationery Office, London, p :, No.12, Brown, E.W.: Mem. R. Astr. Soc., 53, Standish, E.M.: Astron. Astrophys., 114, Chapront-Touzé, M. & Chapront, J.: Astron. Astrophys., 124, Standish, E.M.: JPL Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides, DE405/LE405, JPL IOM 312.F , Jet Propulsiom Laboratory Chapront, J., Chapront-Touzé, M., and Francou, G.: Astron. Astrophys., 387, Watts, C.B.: Astron. Papers Am. Ephemeris, 17, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C Sôma, M.: Publ. Natl. Astron. Obs. Japan, 5, Sôma, M. & Kato, Y.: Publ. Natl. Astron. Obs. Japan, 6, IAU: Trans. I.A.U., 3, 226 and IAU: Trans. I.A.U., 5, Auwers, A.: Astr. Nach., 128, Harris, D.L.: in Planets and Satellites, ed. G.P. Kuiper and B.A. Middlehurst, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p Danjon, A.: Bull. Astron., 14, Danjon, A.: Bull. Astron., 17, Mallama, A., Wang, D., & Howard, R.A.: Icarus, 155, Hilton, J.L.: Astron. J., 129, ,,, :, 11,

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