再・ 音の印象の操作を目指した基礎的研究.doc

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1

2

3 4.1 [ ] [ ] [ ]

4

5 PC FM 1000Hz,500msec 4

6

7 JIS ASA 2.1 6

8 2.1 JIS,ASA Helmholtz 2.2 [2] (1) (2) (JIS ASA) (Helmholtz) 2.2 Helmholtz 7

9 JIS [1] 2.3 Helmholtz 2.3 [ ],, [11] 8

10 2.1.3 [1][3][8], ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( - ), ( - ) - -, ( - ) ( - ) ( - ) ( ), ( - ) ~ ( ) 9

11 [1] [ ] P(t) = A sin( 2 ft + ) P(t) A [ ] [ ] [ ] 10

12 [ ] [ ] AM amplitude modulated sound 2.5a 11

13 P(t) = Asin( 2 ft ) ( 1+sin( 2 gt ) ) P(t) = Asin( 2 ft ) ( 1 + sin( 2 gt ) ) = Asin( 2 ft ) + A A cos( 2 ( f - g )t ) - cos( 2 ( f + g )t ) 2 2 f + g f - g [ ] FM frequency modulated sound 2.5b f g, f 2g, f 3g, 2.5a AM 2.5b FM 12

14 2.2.2 JIS,ASA 440Hz, 880Hz, 1320Hz 440Hz 440Hz missing fundamental Hz 2000Hz Hz [8] 13

15 [1] 2.6a 2.6a 14

16 2.6b 2.6b timbre timbre sonance [2] 15

17 [1][6] [1][7] Bismarck 200Hz 1kHz 0 db/oct Son 200Hz ful k S/Son ful k 1 2 ful +6dB/oct Bismarck [1] Terhardt m 16

18 r m r k m 2 k fcar fmod [7] 1000Hz 17

19 S(t) = A sin( 2 ft ) ( 70dB( SPL) ) S(t) (db) A 1000 ( Hz) 0 t 500 (msec ) 70dB(SPL) 18

20

21

22 A En(t)

23 3.3 En(t) 3.3 En(t) 1 t AT ( 0 t t1 ) En(t) = 1 Sus t2 Sus t1 t t 2 t 1 t2 t1 ( t1 t t2 ) Sus Sus t 3 t t3 t2 t3 t2 ( t2 t t3 ) t1 = 1/AT t2 = t1 + (1-Sus)/DC t3 = 22

24 [AT ( )] 0 t t1 [DC ( )] t1 t t2 [Sus ( )] t2 DC En(t) 3.1 S(t) Sen(t) = En(t) S(t) Sen(t) (db) 0 E(t) 1 Sen(t) S(t) ( 3.4) S(t) Sen(t) 3.4 S(t) Sen(t) 23

25 Se(t) t1 Sus t2 t S(t) Sam(t) = S(t) { (1 Dam) + Dam sin( 2 famt) } Sam(t) ( db ) Dam ( 0 Dam 1 ) fam ( Hz ) Dam 3.5 S(t) Sam(t) 3.5 S(t) Sam(t) 24

26 2.2.1 S(t) Sfm(t) = sin( 2 t ( f + Dfm sin( 2 ffm t ) ) Sfm(t) ( db ) Dfm ffm Hz 3.6 Sfm(t) S(t) Sfm(t) 3.6 S(t) Sfm(t) 25

27 2.2.2 [1] S(t) Sha(t) = S(t) + Aha sin( 2 f2 t ) Sha(t) ( db ) f2 Hz Aha 3.7 S(t) Sha(t) 3.7 S(t) Sha(t) 26

28 Hz 70dB 500msec AM FM Hz 70dB [1] [1] 2msec 27

29

30 4.1 [ ] kHz 800msec B(SPL) 4.1a 4.1d Stimulus1.1 Stimulus1.2 Stimulus1.3 Stimulus1.4 YAMAHA-MIDI-XG-Sound Program No49 -String Ensemble1- Program No17 -Drawbar Organ- Program No74 -Flute- Program No41 -Violin

31 4.1a Stimulus b Stimulus1.2 30

32 4.1c Stimulus d Stimulus1.4 31

33 Stimulus1.x 500msec Stimulus1.y

34 Si Sj ( Si) > ( Sj) S Stimulus1.1, S Stimulus1.2, S Stimulus1.3, S Stimulus1.4 33

35 Stimulus1.1 Stimulus1.4 Stimulus1.3 Stimulus1.2 stimulus1.1 stimulus1.4 Stimulus1.1 Stimulus1.1 34

36 4.2 [ ] a 4.4e 44.1kHz 500msec 1000Hz 70dB(SPL) Dam=0.2, fam=6 2.3 Dfm=1, ffm=6 2.4 AT=1000, DC=10, Sus= Aha=

37 4.4a Stimulus b Stimulus2.2 36

38 4.4c Stimulus c Stimulus2.4 37

39 4.4e Stimulus MATLAB

40 Si Sj ( Si) > ( Sj) S Stimulus2.1, S Stimulus2.2, S Stimulus2.3, S Stimulus2.4, S5 Stimulus ( Si) > ( Sj) a 4.7d 39

41 4.6 Si > Sj 4.7a 40

42 4.7b 4.7c 4.7d 41

43

44 Stimulus2.4 Stimulus2.4 Stimulus2.5 Stimulus

45 4.3 [ ] a 4.8e 44.1kHz 500msec 1000Hz 70dB(SPL) / /2 3.6 AT=500, DC=20, Sus= AT=10, DC=0.01, Sus= Dam=0.5, fam=6 3.9 Dam=1, fam= Dfm=1, ffm= Dfm=10, ffm= Dfm=10, ffm= Aha= Aha=

46 4.8a Stimulus b Stimulus3.2 45

47 4.8c Stimulus d Stimulus3.4 46

48 4.8e Stimulus f Stimulus3.6 47

49 4.8g Stimulus h Stimulus3.8 48

50 4.10i Stimulus j Stimulus

51 4.10k Stimulus l Stimulus

52 4.10m Stimulus n Stimulus

53 msec Stimulus3.x

54 a 4.4i Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus a 53

55 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus b Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus c 54

56 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus d Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus e 55

57 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus f Stimulus Stimulus3.3 0 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus g 56

58 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus h Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus3.7 0 Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus Stimulus i 57

59 4.5 Stimulus3.2 Stimulus3.3 Stimulus3.4 Stimulus (0.49) -0.2 (0.75) 0 (0.89) -0.4 (0.49) 0.8 (0.75) -0.2 (0.40) 1.8 (0.75) -0.6 (0.49) 0 (0.63) 0.2 (0.40) -1.4 (0.80) -0.2 (0.40) 2.4 (0.49) -2.0 (0.63) 1.0 (1.41) -1.2 (1.17) -0.4 (0.49) 0.8 (0.75) 1.0 (1.67) 0.2 (1.33) 1.0 (1.41) -0.6 (1.02) 1.4 (1.36) -1.6 (1.02) 1.6 (0.80) -1.0 (0) 2.4 (0.49) -2.0 (0.89) 1.4 (1.36) -0.8 (0.40) 1.4 (1.85) -1.6 (0.80) 0 (1.41) 0.6 (1.50) 1.8 (1.17) -1.2 (0.40) 4.5 ( ) 64 76dB(SPL) Hz 58

60 59

61 a 4.4i H,500msec 44.1kHz Reset

62

63 A Attack AT Decay DC Sus 0.5 AM Depth Dam 1 0 AM Freq fam 20 0 FM Depth Dfm 20 0 FM Freq ffm 20 0 Aha ( Hz) A = A 0 10 ( 1.2 na /20 ) (na= -5,-4,-3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) A A0 a 1.2dB(SPL) na= 5 62

64 6 B(SPL) Stimulus3.2 Stimulus3.3 A=A0 70dB(SPL) na=0 f = f0 ( 5 2 ) nf (nf = -5,-4,-3,-2,-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) f (Hz) f0 ( = 1000Hz ) f ( 5 2 ) nf nf =5 2 nf =-5 1/2 Stimulus3.4 Stimulus Hz nf= AT = nat (nat = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) DC= 2ndc (ndc = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Sus=0.5 ndc =0 DC=0.001 nat=0, ndc=0 AT DC Sus AT nat DC ndc Stimulus3.6 DC=20 Stimulus3.7 AT=10 nat Stimulus3.7 ndc Sus Stimulus3.6 63

65 3.2.2 Dam = 0.1nam (nam = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) fam = 6 (Hz) fam Dam nam = 5 Dam=0.5 Stimulus3.8 nam= Dfm = 2nfm (nfm = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ffm = 10 (Hz) ffm Dfm 0 10 nfm = 5 Dfm=0.5 Stimulus3.12 nfm= Aha = 0.2nha (nha = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Aha nha = 5 Aha=1.0 Stimulus3.14 nha=0 64

66 St3.2 St3.3 St3.4 St3.5 St3.6 St3.7 St3.8 St3.12 St (0.49) 0.8 (0.75) 0 (0.63) 2.4 (0.49) -0.4 (0.49) 1.0 (1.41) 1.6 (1.36) 1.4 (1.10) 0 (1.36) -0.2 (0.75) -0.2 (0.40) 0.2 (0.40) -2.0 (0.63) 0.8 (0.75) -0.6 (1.02) -1.0 (0) -0.8 (0.40) 0.6 (1.50) 0 (0.89) 1.8 (0.75) -1.4 (0.80) 1.0 (1.41) 1.0 (1.67) 1.4 (1.36) 2.4 (0.49) 1.4 (1.85) 1.8 (1.17) -0.4 (0.49) -0.6 (0.49) -0.2 (0.40) -1.2 (1.17) 0.2 (1.33) -1.6 (1.02) -2.0 (0.89) -1.6 (0.80) -1.2 (0.40) 1.0 (1.10) 0.2 (1.33) 0.2 (1.60) 0.6 (0.49) 0 (1.67) 2.0 (1.10) 1.8 (0.75) 1.6 (1.02) 0.8 (1.17) 0.4 (0.80) 0.4 (0.80) 0 (1.10) -2.0 (0.89) 0 (1.41) -1.8 (0.40) -0.6 (0.80) -0.6 (0.80) 1.0 (0) 1.8 (0.75) 2.4 (0.49) 1.0 (1.67) 0 (0.89) -1.6 (1.02) -0.2 (2.32) 1.2 (1.47) -0.2 (0.40) 1.2 (0.75) -1.4 (1.36) -0.6 (1.74) 1.0 (0.89) -1.0 (0.63) -1.6 (0.49) -1.8 (0.98) 0.4 (1.02) -1.0 (1.26) 0.8 (0.75) -0.4 (1.20) -0.2 (0.75) -0.6 (1.02) 0.4 (1.02) 0.6 (1.20) 1.0 (1.10) 1.2 (1.32) 1.0 (1.20) 0.4 (1.02) 5.2 St Stimulus, ( ) ( )

67 5,3a ( ) 5.3b A AT DC Dam Dfm Aha a A AT DC Dam Dfm Aha a 66

68 a,5,3b ( ) DC Dam dc nam DC=2, Dam=0.1 n n=5 ndc nam 1 5 Dfm nfm 67

69 B Hz 68

70 AT DC AT AT 69

71 3 4 70

72 6.2 71

73 72

74 [1], (1984) [2],, 49, (1993) [3],,,, 18, (1962) [4],,,,, 54, (1998) [5],,,,, 52, (1995) [6],,, 51, (1995) [7] G. von Bismarck Sharpness as an attribute of the timbre of steady sound, Acustica, 30, (1974) [8], ( ), (1995) [9] , [10],, (1991) [11],, (1999) 73

5. F(, 0) = = 4 = 4 O = 4 =. ( = = 4 ) = 4 ( 4 ), 0 = 4 4 O 4 = 4. () = 8 () = 4

5. F(, 0) = = 4 = 4 O = 4 =. ( = = 4 ) = 4 ( 4 ), 0 = 4 4 O 4 = 4. () = 8 () = 4 ... A F F l F l F(p, 0) = p p > 0 l p 0 P(, ) H P(, ) P l PH F PF = PH PF = PH p O p ( p) + = { ( p)} = 4p l = 4p (p 0) F(p, 0) = p O 3 5 5. F(, 0) = = 4 = 4 O = 4 =. ( = = 4 ) = 4 ( 4 ), 0 = 4 4 O 4 =

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