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1 Gengo Kenkyu 145: A B 4 B1α B1β B2 B3 V A B1α B1β B2 B3 * 1. 1 GIVE * The 22nd Japanese/Korean Linguistics Conference V V 2007: 9
2 28 implicational hierarchy Shibatani 1996 Shibatani 1996 i ii iii benefactive constructions Shibatani beneficiary Shibatani 1996: 159 1a 2a 1b 2b 1 a. b. 2 a. John bought a book for Mary. b. John bought Mary a book. Shibatani 1996: 160 Shibatani GIVE GIVE GIVE 2 2 GIVE i The give schema Structure: [NP 1 NP 2 NP 3 GIVE ] NP 1 = coded as a subject NP 2 = coded either as a primary object or as a dative indirect object NP 3 = coded either as a secondary object or as a direct object Semantics: NP 1 CAUSES NP 2 TO HAVE NP 3 ; i.e. NP 1 = human agent, NP 2 = human goal, NP 3 = object theme NP 2 exercises potential possessive control over NP 3 NP 1 creates the possessive situation on behalf of NP 2 Shibatani 1994: 45, 1996: 173, 2000: 323 GIVE ii a. b. c. d.? e.? f. *? g. * h. * i. * Shibatani 1994: 43
3 29 Shibatani Shibatani V V 3 4 a. b. 5 6 * 7 A B B complement 3 V B3 X * B3 B1 Shibatani B1 B1α B1β B1α B1β ii B1 B2 VP
4 30 B1α 7b Y 7 a. A X Y Z b. B1 X Y Z V c. B2 X V d. B3 X V * a i 8 A 9 a. i i B1α b. B1β 10 B2 11 * B3 7 V B A 3 A 3 B B1 B1α B1β B2 B3 B1α B1β B2 B3 I IV I II IV A : 10 V V 5 B 4
5 31 1 B I II III IV I II III IV V B1α B1β B2 B B1 B1 recipient B1 B1α B1β 2 12 a. B1α b. B1β 3 B1α 2 B1β 2 B1β a. B1α B1β cf. b. B1β cf.? B1α B1β B1α B1α
6 B1α i change of possession verbs ii change of location verbs iii change of possession and location verbs 3 Kishimoto 2001 B1α 3 B1β B1α Y B1α 1 B1α 17 a. b. * B1α a goal b B1α 18 B1α X Y Z V B1α 17b 19 19
7 33 B1α B2 2.2 B1α 1 I B1α B1α A A B1α 20 B1α cf. A 2 II B1α 3 III B1α IV B1α X Y Y ニ Z V 3 V * B1β B1β T
8 a.? b. 28 a.? b. 29 a. * b. 30 a. * b. 27a 28a 2004: : 93 entail implicate i a.? b. Kishimoto 2001
9 35 * B1β Shibatani B1β B1β B1β 1 I B1β B1α B1β a b 32 a. b. * B1β a b B1α B1β B1β Shibatani 1996: Shibatani 1996: Shibatani i *? Shibatani 1996: 179 ii ii Shibatani
10 B1β B1β V 给 2 II B1β 3 III B1β 1996 B1β 35 * 1996: 2 B1β B1β B1β B1α B1α Pardeshi 1998: 160 B1β Pardeshi 1998: 155
11 37 41 B1β 2 B1β 4 IV B1α B1β X Y 3 B1α B1β Y Y Y B1α B1β B1 A B1 B1α B1β Y Z B1 B1α B1β 7b B1α Y 42 B1 X Y Z V 7b 2.4. B2 B I IV B2 1 I B2 2 II
12 38 B2 3 III IV X 2 B2 B2 7c 9 50 B2 X V 7c B i ii 2004: 202 i ii B2 i
13 B1β B a. B1β b. B2 54a 54b 54a 2 54b 3 53 B1 B B3 B ips B1α?? 2 B1α 11 B1 B : B1 B B a 54b B1β B a 54b B1β 2004: 95
14 B3 * I IV B3 1 I B3 2 II B B3 3 III B : i
15 41 65 a. * b.?? c. * 2002: : : a. OK/? b. * a b a : 14 i : i-a i-b i a. 2002: 306 b.? 2002: 308 a b 67c, d AA AA 67c 67d 65c 66a
16 42 b. c. BS NHK BS d. AA AA I wish S would V If (only) S would V S V wish If (only) would would will I wish S would V If (only) S would V 2011: 43 wish If only would i a. I wish it would rain. b. I wish it would stop raining. (It will keep on raining!) Swan 1995: 629 c. I wish the sun would come out. Thomson and Martinet 1986: 262 d. I wish prices would come down. Thomson and Martinet 1986: 262 e. I wish this clock would work. Leech 2004: 123 f. I wish my lottery ticket would come up. 2011: 43 Swan 1995: 629 Declerck 1991: 439 willingness a c 3.1 d f would would would I wish S would V *I wish our flat would be a bit bigger./*i wish it wouldn t be so cold today. Murphy 2000: 77 Declerck 1991 ii I wish there wouldn t be any fog tomorrow morning (but the weather forecasters say there will be). Declerck 1991: 439
17 43 IV B3 1 B3 7d X B3 X V * 7d B3 B3 B3 B3 69 * 70? B1β B2 53 B2 B3 B2 B3 71 V cwuta 4 4 B3 16 I wish Swan 1980 iii *I wish there would be a strike tomorrow. Swan 1980: 632 I wish S would V iv 16 B : 28
18 44 B3 * * * * * B3 B B A B1 B1α B1β B2 B3 I II III 17 IV i 16 2 NHK KOBE : 28 B2 B3 i V-a/e cwuta V 2 yenphay-lul hay cwuessta 2 2 yenphay-lul hayessta B3
19 45 B1 B1α B1β B2 B3 A B1 B2 B3 1 B1α B1β A B 4 1 B B1α B1β B1α B2 B3 1 B1α B1β B2 B3 A B3 Shibatani 1994: 69, 1996: 191 GIVE
20 46 B1 3 A A B1 A B1α B1β B2 B3 3. GIVE V cwuta 주다 cwuta -a/e cwuta B A B1α B1β B2 cwuta 72 na-nun hanakko-eykey chayk-ul cwu-essta na-nun hanakko-eykey kkoch-ul senmwulhay cwu-essta na-nun hanakko-eykey cip-ul cie cwu-essta na-nun hanakko-lul chingchanhay cwu-essta A B1α B1β B2 B1β 74 -a/e cwuta 74 hanakko-eykey -a/e cwuta 18
21 47 76??na-nun hanakko-eykey cip-ul ci-essta B1β -a/e cwuta : na-nun hanakko-eykey mwun-ul yele cwu-essta na-nun hanakko-eykey chayk-ul ilke cwu-essta B1β B1β B1 B1α B1β 19 B2 -a/e cwuta B2 B2 -a/e cwuta Shibatani 1994: kheyn-i hanakko-taysin sicang-ey ka cwu-essta B2 B3 3 A B C OK (?)??? * 5 80 * * * yek aph-ey leysutholang-i sayngkye cwu-essta ?? * *ppallay-ka malla cwu-essta Shibatani 1994 You Song B1 B1β -a/e cwuta
22 48 82? * *mwulka-ka naylye cwu-essta ?????nwun-i noka cwu-essta * * *sensenhaycye cwu-essta * * *ttattushaycye cwu-essta (?) (?) (?) pi-ka {wa/ naylye} cwu-essta (?) (?)? pi-ka kuchye cwu-essta (?) (?) (?) palam-i pwule cwu-essta (?) (?)? palam-i kuchye cwu-essta ? (?) OK hay-ka pichye cwu-essta Silverstein : 39
23 49 animacy : 39 -a/e cwuta 20 91? (?) OK kenkanghan aki-ka thayena cwu-essta a/e cwuta 20 i * * * nalssi-ka cohacye cwu-essta. - -
24 50 92?? *?? kkoch-i phie cwu-essta. - -?? 1991: 39 -a/e cwuta -a/e cwuta B3 21 -a/e cwuta B3 * * -a/e cwuta B B1β -a/e cwuta i a. *na-nun yenghuy-eykey chayk-ul sa-(a) cwu-essciman, acik (cenhay) cwu-ci anh-assta. - - b. 2008: B1β -a/e cwuta -a/e cwuta 2008 B1β 2008
25 dene Pardeshi 1998 Shibatani 1994, 1996 GIVE Pardeshi 1998 dene dene B1 B1α B1β B mi ram-la pustak di-l-e 1SG Ram-DAT book.n give-past-n A Pardeshi 1998: mi tya-la patra lih-un di-l-e 1SG he-dat letter.n write-ptcpl give-past-n B1α Pardeshi 1998: ram-ne sita-la paise pathaw-un di-l-e Ram-ERG Sita-DAT money.n send-ptcpl give-past-n B1α Pardeshi 1998: ram-ne sita-la saykal ghe-un di-l-i Ram-ERG Sita-DAT bicycle.f take-ptcpl give-past-f B1β Pardeshi 1998: shimpya-ne ram-la shart shiw-un di-l-a tailor-erg Ram-DAT shirt.m stitch-ptcpl give-past-m B1β Pardeshi 1998: *sita-ne winnanti ke-li mhanun, mi bajara-t Sita-ERG request do-past because 1SG market-to ja-un di-l-e go-ptcpl give-past-n B2 Pardeshi 1998: 157 Pardeshi 1998: 164 Shibatani GIVE 98 B2 B3 23 1: first person, DAT: dative, ERG: ergative, F: feminine, M: masculine, N: neuter, PAST: past tense, PL: plural, PTCPL: participle, SG: singular
26 52 Pardeshi 99 *paaus pad-un di-l-a rain.m fall-ptcpl give-past-m B3 100 *kimati kami ho-un di-l-ya prices.f.pl less become-ptcpl give-past-f.pl B3 101 *phuulaa-ne umal-un di-l-e flower.n.sg-erg bloom-ptcpl give-past-n.sg B3 102 *dzaval petrolpamp ho-un di-l-a near petrol pump.m.sg be-ptcpl give-past-m.sg B3 Prashant Pardeshi p.c 给 gěi 给 2012: 235 给 V 给 V V 给 B1 1979, 1980, 1981 Liu V 给 B1α 2009: 212 V 给 V 104 V 给 给 105 B1β 我 给 他 一 本 书 A 104 a. 送 给 他 一 件 毛 衣 - 24
27 53 B1α 1981: 171 b. 我 卖 给 他 一 本 书 - B1α 2009: 208 c. 花 子 寄 给 我 一 个 包 裹 - B1α 2011: a. * 我 买 给 他 一 本 书 - B1β 1980: 156 b. * 织 给 他 一 件 毛 衣 - B1β 1981: 171 c. * 他 刻 给 我 一 个 图 章 - B1β 2011: 42 d. * 我 念 给 他 一 本 书 - B1β 2009: B1α B1β a 给 NP NP V NP 给 NP b 给 NP NP 给 NP V NP 给 写 封 信 写 3 V 给 春 联 写 2 V 给 i a. 我 写 给 他 好 几 封 信 - B1α b. * 我 写 给 他 一 副 春 联 - B1β 1980: i-a i-b 26 V 给 B1β
28 54 PERF 1 给 V NP NP Liu 2006: a. 织 一 件 毛 衣 给 他 b. 给 他 织 了 一 件 毛 衣 -PERF cf. 105b 1981: : 给 2007: : 45 买 给 2009 CCL 给 买 给 抄 给 107 书 上 说 法 国 男 人 可 以 不 吃 饭 也 要 用 最 后 一 文 钱 买 给 情 人 一 枝 花 为 此 费 了 许 多 时 候, 抄 给 我 数 十 页 - 有 关 柳 氏 祖 先 最 可 靠 的 材 料 读 书 2009: 3 CCL 2009 V 给 V V a 买 给 105d 念 给
29 55 105a 买 给 a 书 105d 书 诗 105d 109? OK? 我 念 给 他 一 首 诗 - 门 V 给 110 * * * 我 开 给 了 他 门 - -PERF 给 V 给 B1β V 给 B2 B3 B1β V 给 111 * 我 昨 天 替 小 王 打 工 给 了 112 a. - -PERF cf. 我 昨 天 替 小 王 打 了 一 天 工 * 雨 下 给 了 - -PERF b. * 物 价 下 降 给 了 - -PERF B2 2011: 43 B a 105d 25 i-b 3 A B C OK (?)??? * 5 i OK (?) (?) 我 买 给 他 一 本 书 105a ii OK?? 织 给 他 一 件 毛 衣 105b iii (?)?? (?) 他 刻 给 我 一 个 图 章 105c iv?? * 我 念 给 他 一 本 书 105d v OK OK OK 我 写 给 他 一 副 春 联 25 i-b B1β i iv
30 56 B3 p.c *? B1β B3 3 给 dene cwuta A B1α B1β? B2 * * B3 * * *? V A B1α B1β B2 B3 B3 A B1α B1β B2 B2 A B1α B1β B2 B V 给 dene cwuta 27 3 A B1α B1α A A B1α 113 A B1α 28 3 V V
31 57 4 GIVE V Creissels 2010: : i ii V iii Smith 2010 = peek piak 1: first person, 3: third person, BEN: benefactive, ERG: ergative, p: plural, s: singular i buy 2 2 Smith 2010: 86 i tsewmaŋ tsa-ɂuk ka-tsook-piak Tsewmang letter-cover 1s-buy 2 -BEN I bought Tsewmang a book. ii tsewmaŋ door ka-kal-piak Tsewmang market 1s-go-BEN I went to market for Tsewmang. iii paŋpaar niɂ Ɂan-kan-paar-piak flowers ERG 3p-1p-bloom-BEN The flowers bloomed for us. Smith 2010: 86 iii piak Smith 2010 piak i ii iii Creissels 2010: 54 piak V V V 30 A B1α
32 58 GIVE Newman 1996: 233 V 给 V B3 B1β 2007 Creissels, Denis (2010) Benefactive applicative periphrases: A typological approach. In: Fernodo Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä (eds.) (2010), Declerck, Renaat (1991) A comprehensive descriptive grammar of English. Tokyo: Kaitakusha 아 / 어 주다 -a/e cwuta 136: CD-ROM (11) 9 : patta 받다
33 Kishimoto, Hideki (2001) The role of lexical meanings in argument encoding: Double object verbs in Japanese. 120: Leech, Geoffrey (2004) Meaning and the English verb. Third edition. London: Longman. Liu, Feng-his (2006) Dative constructions in Chinese. Language and Linguistics 7: : Murphy, Raymond 2000 Grammar in use: Intermediate. Second edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Newman, John (1996) Give: A cognitive linguistic study. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. Pardeshi, Prashant (1998) A contrastive study of benefactive constructions in Japanese and Marathi. 8: V V 日 语 动 词 及 相 关 研 究 : : 邵 敬 敏 2009 从 V 给 句 式 的 类 化 看 语 义 的 决 定 性 原 则 语 言 教 学 与 研 究 6: 1 8. Shibatani, Masayoshi (1994) Benefactive constructions: A Japanese-Korean comparative perspective. In: Noriko Akatsuka (ed.) Japanese/Korean Linguistics 4: Stanford: CSLI Publications. Shibatani, Masayoshi (1996) Applicatives and benefactives: A cognitive account. In: Masayoshi Shibatani and Sandra A. Thompson (eds.) Grammatical constructions: Their form and meaning, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shibatani, Masayoshi (2000) Japanese benefactive constructions: Their cognitive bases and autonomy. In: Kenichi Takami, Akio Kamio and John Whitman (eds.) Syntactic and functional explorations: In honor of Susumu Kuno, Tokyo: Kurosio Publishers. Silverstein, Michael (1976) Hierarchy of features and ergativity. In: R.M.W. Dixon (ed.) Grammatical categories in Australian languages, Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies and New Jersey: Humanities Press. Smith, Tomoko Yamashita (2010) Cross-linguistic categorization of benefactives by event structure: A preliminary framework for benefactive typology. In: Fernodo Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä (eds.) (2010), Song, Jae Jung (2010) Korean benefactive particles and their meaning. In: Fernodo Zúñiga and Seppo Kittilä (eds.) (2010), : Swan, Michael (1980/1995) Practical English usage. First/second edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press Thomson, A. J. and A. V. Martinet (1986) A practical English grammar. Fourth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press You, Seok-Hoon (1997) Argument structure changes in the Korean benefactive construction. In: Ho-min Sohn and John Haig (eds.) Japanese/Korean Linguistics 6: Stanford: CSLI Publications 与 动 词 给 相 关 的 句 法 问 题 方 言 2 : 朱 德 熙 1980 现 代 汉 语 语 法 研 究 商 务 印 书 馆 朱 德 熙 1988
34 60 朱 德 熙 1981 语 法 讲 义 商 务 印 书 馆. 朱 德 熙 1995 Zúñiga, Fernodo and Seppo Kittilä (eds.) (2010) Benefactives and malefactives. Ansterdam: John Benjamins Abstract Constructional Patterns of Japanese Benefactive Constructions: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective Jun Sawada Aoyama Gakuin University This paper argues that Japanese benefactive constructions with (-te) kureru/yaru have the five synchronic variants shown in (1): (1) Type A: X-ga Y-ni Z-o kureru/yaru (MV) Type B1α: [X-ga Y-ni i [Y-ni i Z-o V] te-kureru/te-yaru] (AuxV) Type B1β: [X-ga Y-ni [Z-o V] te-kureru/te-yaru] (AuxV) Type B2: [X-ga [ V ] te-kureru/te-yaru] (AuxV) Type B3: [[ (X ga) V ] te-kureru/*te-yaru] (AuxV) These variants can be explained as products of a grammaticalization process (Type A Type B1α Type B1β Type B2 Type B3) based on four semantic/syntactic criteria. This model in (1) can also be applied to the analysis of the benefactive constructions with GIVE verbs in languages like Korean (cwuta), Chinese (gěi), and Marathi (dene). I propose the following implicational hierarchy to predict the occurrence of possible benefactive construction types in a given language: (2) Type A < Type B1α < Type B1β < Type B2 < Type B3
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授受補助動詞の使用制限に与える敬語化の影響について : 「くださる」「いただく」を用いた感謝表現を中心に
Title 授受補助動詞の使用制限に与える敬語化の影響について : くださる いただく を用いた感謝表現を中心に Author(s) 山口, 真里子 Citation 国際広報メディア 観光学ジャーナル, 6, 69-89 Issue Date 2008-03-21 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/34577 Type bulletin (article) File
Answers Practice 08 JFD1
Practice 8 Sentence Connectors 1) I / went / to Japan / for the first time last year. At first, I didn t understand / Japanese / *at all. [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] * 2) I m / not hungry / because I *already ate
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A Contrastive Study of Japanese and Korean by Analyzing Mistranslation from Japanese into Korean Yukitoshi YUTANI Japanese, Korean, contrastive study, mistranslation, Japanese-Korean dictionary It is already
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評論・社会科学 ８４号（よこ）（Ｐ）／３．金子
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The Relationship of Word Power and Communicative Proficiency CHUJO, Kiyomi Nihon University TAKEFUTA, Junko Bunkyo Gakuin College TAKAHASHI, Hideo Chiba University TAKEFUTA, Yukio Bunkyo Gakuin University