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3 Abstract of Bachelor s Thesis Optimization of overlay network using the state of a network and a node Academic Year 2002 This thesis presents a designe and implementation of the system which increase the efficiency of an overlay network by changing topology based on the state of a network or a node. In the application and research using the conventional overlay network so far, it optimize it by using the information of a node or a network. This research realizes more efficient overlay network than the thing before by using both of them. In the past research, realization of an anonymity communication way is not performed becouse of not using the information on both a node or a network. This research realized the efficient overlay network by using band width, processing performance and the number of hops as informaiton of network. This system proposed by this research, get the information of the node from node advertising message transmitted on an overlay network, and the number of hop by survey of a network. The efficiency increases by changing the connection of the link between nodes which constitutes an overlay network based on it in quest of the priority of a node. In this thesis, the new technique of this research are proposed and implemented. By the technique proposed in this paper, optimization is performed by comparing the application and the research using the conventional overlay network. By using the technique proposed in this paper, the anonymity communication way using relay transmission in an overlay network can be made small. Keywords : 1 overlay network 2 P2P model 3 distributed system Keio University, Faculty of Environmental Information Masahiro NAKAYAMA

In the application and research using the conventional overlay network so far, it optimize it by using the information of a node or a network.

4 Gnutella Winny Peer-to-Peer

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5 API

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10 IP gnutella[2] [3] PeerCast[4] Freenet[5] Winny[6] TCP IP IP IP

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12 Gnutella Gnutella[2] Justin Frankel Tom Pepper TTL(Time To Live: ) HTTP[7] Gnutella 0.4 Ultrapeers[8] Gnutella 0.4 Gnutella Ultrapeers 1 Ultrapeers Leaf Ultrapeers Leaf Leaf Gnutella 2.1 Ultrapeers [9] Gnutella IP 11

13 2.1: Ultrapeers Winny Winny[6] Winny Gnutella IP

14 Winny 2.2: Winny 13

15 2.1.3 Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer Peer-to-Peer [3] PeerCast[4] PeerCast Gnutella

16 2.1: Gnutella Protocol 0.6 (HTTP) (HTTP) (Ultrapeers) - (Ultrapeers) Winny - P2P

17 IP : IP

18 3.2: 3.3: 17

19 3.2.1 CPU SNMP[10] MIB IP TTL TTL IP IP RTT PPPoE[11] RTT RTT(round trip time) RTT 18

20 3.1: x x x RTT pathchar[12]

21 4 4.1 IP : API

22 U U U > > > L U > "!$#&% A"B DC 3 E"F$GIHJ /K )*+ '"(,-.$/0 '"( '(1$2!34576 / 98;:< = >@? ""8 MON"P A"B DCRQ$S %$T 4.2:

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24 4.3: TCP TCP TCP TCP 2. TCP 4.4: ( ) 23

25 4.5: ( ) 4.6: 24

26 TCP Prits/ : 1 IPv4 32 IPv6[13]

27 UDP[14] IP TTL IP TTL TTL 255 UDP 4. IP = A + B log( ) + C (4.1) 26

28 5 Prits(PRogramming Interface for Tokumei System) 5.1 FreeBSD[15] 4.7-STABLE(2002/12/16) gcc[16] FreeBSD NetBSD[17]

29 5.1: 28

30 ?? 5.3 API initialize connect disconnect addhandler sendmessage 29

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35 [1] J. Postel. RFC791 Internet Protocol, September [2] Clip2. The gnutella protocol specification v [3] Inc. Bitmedia Inc. & ANCL. [4] peercast.org. peercast.org [5] Freenetproject.org [6] Winny web site [7] R. Fielding, J. Gettys, J. Mogul, H. Frystyk, L. Masinter, P. Leach, T. Berners- Lee. RFC2616 Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP/1.1, June [8] Anurag Singla, Christopher Rohrs, and Lime Wire LLC. Ultrapeers: Another step towards gnutella scalability working draft [9] Yoshihiro Gotou, Shingo Ata, and Masayuki Murata. Methods on logical network construction in peer-to-peer services based on tra.c measurements. [10] J. Case and M.Fedor and M. Schoffstall and J. Davin. RFC1157 A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), May [11] L. Mamakos, K. Lidl, J. Evarts, D. Carrel, D. Simone, R. Wheeler. RFC2516 A Method for Transmitting PPP Over Ethernet (PPPoE), February [12] Lbnl s network research group 34

36 [13] S. Deering and R. Hinden. RFC2360 Internet Protocol, Version6 (IPv6) Specification, December [14] J. Postel. RFC768 User Datagram Protocol. pages 1 3, August [15] The FreeBSD Project. The freebsd project [16] The GCC team. Gcc home page - gnu project - free software foundation (fsf) [17] Inc The NetBSD Foundation. The netbsd project 35

P2P P2P Winny 3 P2P 15 20 P2P 1 P2P, i

26 P2P Reduction of search packets by sharing peer information in P2P communication 1175073 2015 2 27 P2P P2P Winny 3 P2P 15 20 P2P 1 P2P, i Abstract Reduction of search packets by sharing peer information