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1 Face and the Negotiation of Multiple Identities: My Academic Paths after Graduating from Rikkyo University Kiyoko SUEA University of Kansas, Lawrence California State University, Fullerton r. Richard Wiseman r. Stella Ting- Toomeyr. W. B. Gudykunst
2 ICR Eastern Western intercultural interaction University of Lancasterept. of Applied Social Science MA r. Charles Antaki 2 r. Mark Levine 3 r. Henry Tajfel Wise r. Sue Wise Smith Professor Emeritus avid Smith emicetic interdependence 2001 Fay, 1996
3 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) identity Social Identity Theory T Self-Categorization Theory SCT
4 ICR face2002 Goffman, 1959, 1967 Brown & Levinson, 1978 shamepride 3. 1 TSCT TSCT Jia, 2001 lianmian mianzi
5 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) シンボ リック 相 互 作 用 論 フェイス T&SCT 複 数 のアイデンティティ 調 整 のメカニズム 解 明 の 必 要 情 動 的 側 面 からの 探 究 の 必 要 図 1 フェイス 研 究 のマッピング 4 Kitayama & Markus, associatedissociate Lim & Bowers, 1991 Fellowship facecompetence face 5 23
6 ICR 24 Autonomy face Cupach & Imahori, Thomas Scheff 6 engulfment engulfment 2 shame pride 図 2 シェイムとプライドのバランス
7 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) acknowledge bypass Braithwaite 7 shaming Goodman p
8 ICR The Who am I? testkuhn & McPartland,
9 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) 3The Who am I? test PAC PAC PAC 2002 PAC 4 27
10 ICR a. b. c. d. e PAC 28 B
11 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) 12012p. 60 No S S + N XX NGO ZZZ( + 20 S S S 2 3
12 ICR 30 B 11 The Who am I? test B PAC 5 B B GAPrelax CL1 2 initiative )X1 6)X6 2)X2 4)X4 16)X16 8)X8 17)X17 3)X3 7)X7 9)X9 11)X11 15)X15 5)X5 13)X13 10)X10 14)X14 12)X12 18)X18 19)X19 認 識 ( + ) 意 識 ( + ) 本 音 ( 0) 価 値 観 (+) 見 え な い( + ) GAP(-) 融 合 ( + ) 期 待 ( + ) 想 い( + ) 場 ( + ) 未 来 ( + ) initiative(+) 有 言 実 行 (+) 団 結 代 表 ( + ) 提 供 ( + ) 組 織 ( + ) CL1 relax(+) CL2 知 識 ( + ) CL1=チームにとって 大 切 なもの CL=リーダーに 必 要 な 条 件 図 5 調 査 参 加 者 Bのデンドログラム( 末 田,2012,p.66)
13 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) B B PAC 1 B The Who am I? test 2 3 B The Who am I? test 31
14 ICR 32 B 2 The Who am I? test PAC The Who am I? test 3 PAC
15 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) 1> 5> 2> 4> 3> 6> distance CL1 どういうこと?(0) このままではいけない(+) 申 し 訳 ない(-) CL2 やっぱりできない.( 辞 退 )(+) ふざけるな!(-) 絶 対 利 用 なんてされない.(-) CL1= 意 図 せぬ 規 約 違 反 CL2=スピーチ 大 大 会 出 場 再 考 CL3= 知 ってたんかい? CL3 図 6 調 査 参 加 者 のデンドログラム( 末 田,2012,p.90) PAC PAC 15 33
16 ICR 34 B E E The Who am I?test 5 PAC E > 2> 3> 10> 16> 4> 19> 18> 5> 6> 7> 8> 11> 15> 17> 9> 14> 12> 13> 珍 しさ(0) CL1 転 校 生 (0) 英 語 ( 0) 発 音 (-) 先 生 ( 0) 海 外 ( 日 本 の 外 )(+) ~~ 人 という 線 引 き(-) 見 下 し(-) 緊 張 (-) 他 人 の 目 (-) CL2 居 心 地 悪 い(-) 体 育 館 (-) 1 対 多 勢 (-) 習 慣 (+) 校 歌 (-) 目 立 ちたくない(-) 過 去 は 語 らない(-) 1 人 さみしい(-) 友 達 が 欲 しい(-) CL1= 英 語 をあえて 下 手 に CL2= 一 人 対 全 校 生 徒 CL3= 転 校 生 生 気 質 CL3 図 7 調 査 参 加 者 E のデンドログラム( 末 田,2012,p.96)
17 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) 1 1 E PAC 3 E 1 E 8 8 E 35 - 普 通 であり たくない + 普 通 で ありたい + 異 質 で ありたい - 異 質 うらやましい 特 別 図 8 調 査 参 加 者 E が 描 いたデンドログラムの 心 情 ( 末 田,2012,p.101)
18 ICR E E PAC E The Who am I? test
19 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) 5 4 The Who am I? test 7. 1 E PAC 2 B B 5 B 6 E 7 37
20 ICR Siraiki
21 多 面 的 アイデンティティの 調 整 とフェイス( 面 子 ) r. Antaki Loughborough University, ept of Social Sciences 3 University of Exeter, epartment of Psychology the master emotionscheff, 1997, p Braithwaite1989, p. 8 8 Yoshino PAC Braithwaite, J. (1989). Crime, shame and reintegration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Brown, P., & Levinson, S. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In E. N. Goody (Ed.), Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction (pp ). New York: Cambridge University Press. Cupach, W. R., & Imahori, T. T. (1993). Identity management theory: Communication competence in intercultural episodes and relationships. In R.L. Wiseman & J. Koester (Eds.), Intercutlural competence (pp ). Newbury, CA: Sage. Fay, B. (1996). Contemporary philosophy of social science. Oxford: Blackwell. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Garden City, NY: oubleday. Goffman, E. (1967). Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. Chicago: Aldine. R 1992 Goodman, R. (1990). Japan s international youth: The emergence of a new class of schoolchildren. Oxford: Oxford University Press Jia, W. (2001). The remaking of the Chinese character and identity in the 21st century. Westport, CT: Ablex publishing Kitayama, S., & Markus, H. (1995). The culture and self: Implications for internationalizing psychology. In N. R. Goldberger & J. B. Veroff (Eds.), The culture and psychology: A reader (pp ). New York: New York University Press Kuhn, M. H., & McPartland, S. (1967). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. In J. G. Manis & B. N. Meltzer (Eds.), Symbolic interaction (pp ). Boston: Allyn Bacon Lim, T., & Bowers, J. W. (1991). Facework: Solidarity, approbation, and tact. Human Communication Research, 17, PAC 1997 Scheff, T. J. (1997). Emotions, the social bond, and human reality: Part/whole analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 39
22 ICR Ting-Toomey, S. (1994). The challenge of facework: Cross-cultural and interpersonal issues. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Yoshino, K. (1992). Cultural nationalism in contemporary Japan: A sociological enquiry. London: Routledge. 40
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