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1 ) 2) 1) 2) : : 序 skt. mantra 1) skt. satyavacana 2) p. paritta skt. vidyā skt. dhāranī 1929, pp [1]

2 , pp [2] ) 2. 仏教における呪術 2.1. 初期仏教 p. Dīgha-Nikāya p. Brahmajalasutta, DN I p. 9ff. p. Suttanipāta 4) p. paritta skt. paritrāna Vinaya p. Khandhaparitta 5) Vin II p. 110, 31ff. 6) skt. Atharvaveda Śaunaka V , VI ,

3 : 79 7) p. Khuddaka- Nikāya p. Khuddakapātha p. Suttanipāta p. Ratanasutta, Khp pp. 3, 28 6, 6; Sn pp p. Vesālī/skt. Vaiśālī 8) 9) p. Dīgha- Nikāya p. Ātānātiyasuttanta, DN III p. 194ff. Samantapāsādikā 10) p. Milinda-pañhā Mil p. 152, Mil p. 152, p. Angulimālaparitta p. Moraparitta 5 11) 2.2. 初期仏教から大乗仏教へ , p. 356 [3] 12) , p. 356 [3]

4 大乗仏教の発展と孔雀経類 Taisho No. 982 Taisho No. 982 Taisho No ) skt. Svāti 14) prevention cure skt. mayūra skt. Mahāmāyūrī 2.4.マントラ,ダーラニーマントラ,ダーラニーの成立 skt. mantra skt. vidyā skt. dhāranī 15) 16) 17) 1980, pp [4] 3

5 : 81 skt. satyavacana Bhattacharyya 1932, pp [5] : 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) Bernhard 1967 [6] 23) Bernhard, 1967, p. 165 [6] Bhattacharyya 24) ダーラニーの伝播普及 p. Upasena/skt. Upasenasūtra p. Samyutta- Nikāya, SN IV, pp. 40, 11 41, 14

6 Waldschmidt 1959 [7] Waldschmidt, 1959, pp [7] 25) 26) Liyanaratne 2001, p. 393 [8] 2.5. 金光明経のダーラニーと密教 ) , p [3] Suvarnaprabhāsa[-uttamarāja-]sūtra

7 : , p. 3 4 [9] ) ) 30) Sarasvatīdevī-parivarta 31) , pp [4] 32) , pp [4] 7 33) 2.6. 呪術療法のための小経典群 34)

8 インド伝統医学 (アーユルヴェーダ) 文献に見られる呪術療法 skt. Rgvedasamhitā skt. Atharvavedasamhitā skt. Kausikasūtra skt. Āyurveda skt. upānga skt. vāta skt. pitta skt. kapha 3 skt. dosa skt. tridosavāda 3 35) skt. yukti skt. daiva 36) 4. 呪術療法をテーマにする仏教経典 4.1. 経験合理医療と呪術宗教医術ケネスジスクによる論説 Kenneth G. Zysk Thomas Kuhn Zysk skt. śramana

9 : 85 37) Zysk magico-religious empirico-rational 38) Zysk 39) Zysk skt. brāhmana skt. śramana Zysk, 1991, pp [11] Zysk 40) Zysk 1991, p. 61 [11] Zysk 1991, p. 69 [11] 41) Zysk 1991, p [11] skt. Vyādhipraśamana-parivarta skt. Jalavāhana :astāngenāyurvaidyaśāstrena samanvāgato skt. Jatimdhara 42) skt. vātika skt. varsā 43) 8 skt. Sarasvatīdevī-parivarta Zysk 44) Zysk 1991, pp [11] skt. Bhaisajyarāja skt. Bhaisajyasamudgata

10 the bodhisattva of healing Bhaisajyaguru the healing Buddha 45) Zysk 1991, pp [11] Zysk Zysk 1991, p. 67 [11] 4.2. 大乗仏教の教義と呪術療法 Zysk skt. upāya 46) skt. Bodhisattvabhūmi skt. cikitsāśāstra 47) Taisho No ) 49) skt. upāya Zysk 呪術療法の仏教文献リスト

11 : 87 Middle Indic 50) チベット大蔵経に収録されている呪術療法の仏典 Taisho No ) D P D 619= : phags pa mig rnam par sbyong ba zhes bya ba i rig sngags D 619=1008, p 302=633 Skt. Ārya-caksurviśodhanī-nāma-vidyāmantra Taisho no phags pa mig nad rab tu zhi bar byed pa i mdo D 620=1018, p 211=643 Skt. Āryāksirogapraśamani-sūtra phags pa gzhang brum rab tu zhi bar byed pa i mdo D 621=1020, p 213=645 Jinamitra, D naś la, Yes-shes de Skt. Āryārśapraśamani-sūtra Taisho No phags pa nad thams cad rab tu zhi bar byed pa i gzungs D 622=1014, p 207=639 Skt. Ārya-sarvarogapraśamani-nāma-dhāranī Taisho No phags pa thams cad nad rab tu zhi bar byed pa i gzungs D 623=1015, p 208=640 rims nad zhi ba i gzungs D 624=1017, p 210=642

12 phags pa rims nad rab tu zhi bar byed pa i gzungs D 625=1016, p 209=641 Jinamitra, D naś la, Yes-shes de Skt. Ārya-jvarapraśamani-nāma-dhāranī brum bu i nad zhi bar byed pa i gzungs D 626=1019, p 212= 漢訳大蔵経に収録されている呪術療法の仏典 2: Taisho No. 1028a Taisho No. 1028b Taisho No Taisho No Taisho No Taisho No 嚩 Taisho No skt. *Rāvana-bhāsita-bālagrahaśānti 52) 53) Taisho No Taisho No 嚩呪術療法を内包する仏教経典 Taisho No ) Taisho No. 620

13 : 89 Taisho No , 287bff. Taisho No 吒吒 20, 462cff. Taisho No , 906a29-b3 Taisho No sk. Vaiśālī Taisho No Taisho No 結び prevention skt. satyavacana Zysk cure

14 Pāli Text Society PTS AHS Astāngahrdayasamhitā Ast ngahrdayam (The core of octopartite yurveda) composed by V gbhata with the Commentaries (Sarv ngasundar ) of Arunadatta and ( yurvedaras yana) of Hem dri. Collated by Ann Moreśwara Kunte and Krsna R mchandra Ś str Navare. Edited by Bhisag ch rya Hariś str Par dakara Vaidya, Jaikrishnadas Ayurveda Series No. 52. Varanasi, Delhi, AN Anguttara-Nikāya AS Astāngasamgraha V r ddhav gbhat a: As t n gasan grahah Induvy khy sahitah, ed. by Anamta D modara thavale, pune, Ci Cikitsāsthāna CS Carakasamhitā The Charakasamhit of Agniveśa revised by Charaka and Dridhabala, ed. by Vaidya J davaji Trikamji ch rya. Bombay, th ed., New Dehli, D DN Dīgha-Nikāya Ja Jātaka Ka Kalpasthāna Khp Khuddakapātha Khp-a Paramatthajotikā I Khp Mil Milinda-pañhā pā. Pāli P skt. Sanskrit Sn Suttanipāta SN Samyutta-Nikāya SS Suśrutasamhitā Suśrutasamhit of Suśruta, ed. by Vaidya J davji Trikamji ch rya and N r yan R m ch rya. Bombay, th ed., Varanasi, Delhi, Sū Sūtrasthāna Śā Śārīrasthāna Utt Uttarasthāna or Uttaratantra Vi Vimānasthāna Vin Vinaya Vin-a Samantapāsādikā Vin Taisho No : a b c 1) Padoux 2003 [13] Alper 1989, pp. 1 2 [14] 2) 1994 [15] 3) 1990, pp [16]

15 : 91 4) Sn : p. gabbhakarana p. tikicchā āthabbanam supinam lakkhanam, no vidahe atho pi nakkhattam. virutañ ca gabbhakaranam, tikiccham māmako na seveyya// p. tikicchā 5) Vin II p. 110; Ja II pp ; AN II pp Vin II p. 110, 5 20 : anujānāmi bhikkhave imāni cattāri ahirājakulāni mettena cittena pharitum, attaguttiyā attarakkhāya attaparittam kātum. evañ ca pana bhikkhave kātabbam. virūpakkhehi me mettam, mettam erāpathehi me/ chabyāputtehi me mettam, mettam kanhāgotamakehi ca// apādakehi me mettam,mettam dvipādakehi me/ catuppadehi me mettam, mettam bahuppadehi me// mā mam apādako himsi, mā mam himsi dvipādako/ mā mam catuppado himsi, mā mam himsi bahuppado// sabbe sattā sabbe pānā, sabbe bhūtā ca kevalā/ sabbe bhadrāni passantu, mā kiñci pāpam āgamā// appamāno buddho, appamāno dhammo, Appamāno sangho, pamānavantāni sirimsapāni ahivicchikā satapadī unnānābhi sarabū mūsikā. katā me rakkhā katam me parittam, patikkamantu bhūtāni. so ham namo bhagavato, namo sattannam sammāsambuddhānan ti. 6) p. Milinda-pañhā p. mantapada :Mil p. 150, 7 14; p. 152, p. Jātaka p. Visavantajātaka: Ja I 310ff Zysk 1991, p [11] 7) Maha Pirit Pota 36 : 1979, pp [18] : 1979, pp [18]. 8) Khp-a pp. 164, 8 165, 10. G. P. Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. Ratanasutta 9) 1990, p. 249, p. 259 [16] Malalasekera 1935 :G. P. Malalasekera, Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names. hparitta, Paritt 10) Vin-a II p. 472, : antogāme rājagehādīsu roge vā upaddave vā uppanne pakkosāpetvā bhanāpenti, Ātānātiyasuttādīni bhanitabbāni. Demiéville 1930, p. 240 [19] 11)

16 , 1, p. 325 [20] von Hinüber 1996, pp [21] 12) de la Vallée Poussin 1895; 1898, p. 203 skt. Vidyādharapitaka skt. Ādikarmapradīpa Vidyādharapitaka Vidyādharapitaka 82 13) 1979, p. 316 [3] Lèvi 1915, pp [24] 1975, p [25] 14) 1988 [26] 15) 1989, pp [17] 16) ) Kern 1989, p. 6 [27] 1934, pp [28] Kern Kern 18) Bhattacharyya 1932 [5] : ) 20) 1994, pp [15] 21) 2001 [30] skt. Karnakagomin ) 23) Bernhard 1967, p [6] skt. drāmida 24) Staal 1990 [29] ) Taisho No. 2 : 2, pp. 60c14-61b29. 26) Waldschmidt 1959, pp [7] :tadyathā otumbile/tumbile/ tumbe/pratumbe/natte/sunatte/kevatte/munaye/samaye/ datte/nīlakeśe/vālakūpe/ole/onko/svāhā// 27) 1989 [10] 28) Taisho No , p. 3 [9] 29) 2005, p. 5 [9] Novel 1958, XX XXI Einleitung [31] Nobel tadyathā 30) 2004 [32] 31) Ludvik , pp [33] ; 1988 [34] ; 1933, p. 734ff [35] 32) Nakamura 1980, pp [36] 33) 1933, p. 20ff. [2] 1933, p. 40ff. [2] Nakamura 1989, [36] 34)

17 : 93 49, p. 70b1-19; 55, pp. 503c27 504b5 pp. 634a13 634b Demiéville 1930, p. 259 [19] 35) CS S trividham ausadham iti daivavyapāśrayam, yuktivyapāśrayam, Sattvāvajayaś ca. tatra daivavyapāśrayam mantrausadhi-mani-mangalabaly-upahāra-homa-niyama-prāyaścittopavāsasvastyayana-pranipātagamanādi, yuktivyapāśrayam punar āhārausadha-dravyānām yojanā, Sattvāvajayah punar ahitebhyo rthebhyo manonigrahah. 36) CS SSskt. mantra skt. visa :CS Ci , 61, 90 94, 223; SS S ; SS Ka , 51, : CS Ś 8.8, 11, 31, 39, 46; SS Ś 10.15, 25 27; SS Ci graha :Su Utt , , 29.9, , , , 33.9, 34.9, 35.9, skt. unmatta, Apasmāra :CS Ni 7.16, 8.10; CS Ci 9.23, 33, 89, 94 skt. śotha skt. vrana :CS S 18.5; CS Ci ; SS Ci 1.75 skt. madhumeha :SS Ci :CS Ka 1.14; SS S 43.3; SS Ci skt. rasāyana : CS Ci ; SS Ci 28.9, 25 :CS S 8.20, 15.9; CS Vi 3.36 :CS Vi 8.11, 87; SS S 2.5 :SS S , 23.16, 29.72, ) Zysk 1991 [11] :Zysk Thomas Kuhn ) Zysk magico-religious medicine empirico-rational medicine 39) skt. veda vid- skt. Āyurveda skt. āyus skt. veda 40) Zysk Zysk, 1989, 1991 [37,11] Wezler, 1995 [38] Zysk 41) Zysk :Zysk 1991, pp [11] 42) Suvarnaprabhāsa-sūtra p. 95 Verse 9ff. Bagchi 1967 [39] Zysk 1991, p [11] 43) Sharma 1992, pp [40] skt. paittika 3 skt. sannipatika skt. kaphaja Novel 1951 [41] CS S 6 SS S 6 AHS S 12 ASS 20 44) Zysk 1991, p [11] Zysk 6 Emmerick 1970 [42] 45) Zysk 1934, pp [28] 46) Zysk 1991, p. 67 [11]

18 , pp [43] 47) : cikitsāśāstram bodhisattvah paryesate sattvānām nānāprakāravyādhivyupaśamanārtham mahājanakāyasyān ugrahārtham. Bodhisattvabhūmi p. 74, Dutt 1966 [44] 48) 24, pp. 1060c4 5. : 49) 51, p. 876c19 20: Zysk 1991, p. 48 [11] 50) Nakamura 1980, p. 317 [36] 51) ) skt. 1989, p. 150 note. 339 [17] 53) Bagchi 1941 [45] Bagchi Bagchi, 1941, p. 274 [45] Bagchi skt. Dvādaśagrahaśānti Filliozat skt. Rāvanakumāratantra Filliozat, 1935, 1937 Filliozat Bagchi Filliozat Bagchi Bagchi, 1941, p. 270 [45] Bagchi Filliozat Rāvanakumāratantra Bagchi Filliozat 1937, pp [47] Rāvanakumāratantra 1972, p. 170 [48] Bagchi 1941, p. 270 [45] Rāvanakumāratantra 54) 2003 [50] [1] : ;1929 [2] : ;1933 [3] : ;1979 [4] : ;1980 [5] Bhattacharyya B. An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism. London: Oxford University Press; 1932 [6] Bernhard F. Zur Entstehung einer Dh ran. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, 1967; 117: [7] Waldschmidt E. The Upasenas tra. A Charm against Snake-bite from the Samyukt gama. in C. Vogel (ed.), Jñ mukt val. Commemoration Volume in Honour of the Johannes Nobel. New Delhi; 1959, p [8] Liyanaratne J. Some Sri Lankan Medical Manuscripts of Importance for the History of South Asian Traditional Medicine. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 2001; 64-3: [9] 2005; 39: 1 28 [10] : ; 1989 [11] Zysk KG. Ascetism and Healing in Ancient India. Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. Delhi: Oxford University Press; 1991 [12] G : ;1993 [13] Padoux A. Mantra. in G. Flood (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing; 2003, p [14] Alper HP. Introduction. in H. P. Alper (ed.), Understanding Mantras. Albany, State University of New York Press; 1989, p [15] satya 1994; 50: 38 72

19 : 95 [16] : ; 1990 [17] : ;1989 [18] Paritta 1979; 9: [19] Demiéville P. Byô. in Hôbôgirin. Dictionnaire encyclopédique du Bouddhisme d après les sources chinoises et japonaises. Maison Franco-Japonnaise; 1930, p [20] 1 3 : ; [21] von Hinüber O. A Handbook of P li Literature. Indian Philology and South Asian Studies Volume 2. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter; 1996 [22] de La Vallée Poussin L. The Vidy dhara pitaka. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society; 1895, p [23] de La Vallée Poussin L. Bouddhisme, études et matériaux: dikarmaprad pa Bodhicary vat rat k. London, Luzac & Co.; 1898 [24] Lèvi, S. Le catalogue géographique des Yaksa dans la Mah m y r. Journal Asiatique, 1915; 5: [25] : ;1975 [26] Mah m y r : ; p [27] Kern H. Manual of Indian Buddhism. Grundriss der Indo-arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde 3. Bd., 8. Heft. Strassburg, Karl J. Trübner, 1898 (Reprint: Varanasi: Indological Book House; 1968) [28] : ; 1934 [29] Staal F. Ritual and Mantras: Rules without Meaning. New York: Peter Lang Publishing; 1990 [30] : 2001; 33: [31] Nobel J. Suvarnaprabh sottama-s tra. Das Goldglanzs tra. Ein Sanskrittext des Mah y na-buddhismus. I-Tsing s chinesische Version und ihre tibetische Übersetzung. Vol. 2 Bd. Leiden, E. J. Brill, [32] Rites and Buddhism A Perspective from the Sarasvat -parivarta in the Suvarnaprabh sa 2004; 52(2): [33] Ludvik C. La Benzaiten à huit bras. Durg déesse guerrière sous l apparence de Sarasvatī. Cahiers d Extême-Asie, ; 11: [34] 1988; 36(2): [35] : ;p [36] Nakamura H. Indian Buddhism: a Survey with Bibliographical Notes. Intercultural Research Institute Monograph No. 9. Hirakata, KUFS (Kansai Univ. of Foreign Studies) Publication; 1980 [37] Zysk KG. Mantra in yurveda: A Study of the Use of Magico-Religious Speech in Ancient Indian Medicine. in H. P. Alper (ed.), Understanding Mantras. Albany: State University of New York Press; p [38] Wezler A. On the Problem of the Contribution of Ascetics and Buddhist Monks to the Development of Indian Medicine. Journal of the European yurvedic Society, 1995; 4: (A Review of: Kenneth G. Zysk, Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India. Medicine in the Buddhist Monastery. Oxford University Press: New York/ Oxford; 1991) [39] Bagchi S (ed.) Suvarnaprabh sas tra. Buddhist Sanskrit Text No. 8. Darbhanga: the Mithila Institute; 1967 [40] Sharma PV. Medicine in Buddhist and Jaina Traditions. in P. V. Sharma ed., History of Medicine in India. New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy; 1992, p [41] Nobel J. Ein alter medizinischer Sanskrit-Text und seine Deutung. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 71 Supplement 1951; 11: 1 35 [42] Emmerick RE. The S tra of Golden Light. Being Translation of the the Suvarnaprabh sottamas tra. London, Luzac & Co.; 1970 [43] 2000; 25(2): [44] Dutt N. Bodhisattvabh mi. Patna, K. P. Jayaswal Research Institute; 1966 [45] Bagchi PC. New Materials for the Study of the Kum ratantra of R vana. Indian Culture, VII-3; 1941, p [46] Filliozat J. Le Kum ratantra de R vana. Journal Asiatique 1935; 226: 1 66 [47] Filliozat J. Étude de démonologie indienne: Le Kum ratantra de R vana et les Textes parallèles indiens, tibétains, chinois, cambodgien et arabe. Cahiers de la Société Asiatique IV. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale; 1937 [48] ; 30(9), 2004; 170, 2007; 173 [49] : ;1999 [50] 2003; 6: 59 85

20 The Tradition of Healing with Magical Spells as Seen in Buddhist Texts Yukio YAMANAKA 1) and Tsutomu YAMASHITA 2) 1) Bukkyo University Research Institute, 2) Kyoto Gakuen University Although India has its own traditional medical systems such as Āyurveda, healing through magic spells was also practiced. After the systematization of Āyurveda, these healing spells almost lost their sig nificance and only the spells for specific diseases were further transmitted. On the other hand, Indian Buddhism partially accepted the healing spells, and Buddhist texts which include the healing spells began to appear after the 4th century. These texts were brought into other Asian countries and became popular therein. However, these Buddhist healing spells have not been studied enough by Buddhism scholars and therefore their meaning in the history of medicine in India is not yet sufficiently understood. In this article, we discuss on the origin of these Buddhist healing spells, and thereafter we list and summarize the existing Buddhist texts involving these healing spells. Key words: Buddhism, magico-religious medicine, healing spells, Āyurveda

3 6 22 30 32 36 39 42 45 48 51 55 58 62 64 1

Kyoto Graduate Union of Religious Studies 3 6 22 30 32 36 39 42 45 48 51 55 58 62 64 1 67 71 74 78 81 84 87 Kyoto Graduate Union of Religious Studies 92 94 96 2 3 5 K-GURS K-GURS K-GURS K-GURS K-GURS