DNA 型鑑定による個人識別の歴史・現状・課題
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- まれあ かいじ
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1 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA VNTR STR SNPs Single Nucleotide Polymorphism DNA DNA DNA biology metrics DNA 1 2 DNA, 2005, p
2 DNA Studies No.7, , p.1., 2003, p.73., 2004, p.18. p.17. p.32. p
3 DNA Nature Nature , 1930, p.258., 1961, p.2. (), 2005, p
4 DNA ABO ABO ABO 10, 1996, p
5 DNA 14 ABO DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 1869 DNA DNA DNA 1953 DNA 1962 DNA DNA PHP PHP, 1999, p.107. DNA p.146., 2004, p.125. p
6 DNA DNA 60 DNA 60 DNA 30 DNA 15 DNA 1985 Nature DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA, 2004, p.171., 1991, p.176. p
7 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA locus loci Nature DNA 18 DNA 19 DNA 20 DNA 45, , p.4., 2001, p.181. DNA p
8 YNH24 14CMM VNTR STR DNA 22 YNH24 CMM101 PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA PCR DNA DNA DNA 1983 DNA 1993 YNH24 CMM101 PCR 1000 YNH24 CMM101 PCR1000 VNTR MCT HLADQ VNTR STR VNTR STR DNA VNTR DNA 44, , pp p.180. MCT118 PCR DNA 45, , pp
9 DNA 10 STR Short Tandem Repeat DNA STR STR PCR DNA MCT118 HLADQ DNA HLADQ STR STR PCR 24 MCT HLLADQ DNA VNTR STR MCT VNTR DNA DNA VNTR STR VNTR STR 1995 PCR 15 STR PCR SNPs Single Nucleotide Polymorphism DNA VNTR STR DNA DNA DNA STR TH01 49, , pp pp
10 1900 single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs 15 STR DNA DNA SNPs DNA SNPs DNA 26 SNPs DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 1981 DNA 16,569 DNA 27 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 28 DNA DNA HV HV DNA DNA DNA DNA SNPs 1215, , pp.2-3. DNA 52, 1997, p.5., 1998, p
11 DNA DNA DNA 29 PCR STR DNA DNA 20 DNA DNA 15 DNA 15 DNA DNA 1989 pp.143,144. DNA 52, , p.27. DNA mtdna mtdna mtdna mtdna mtdna mtdna mtdna
12 PCR MCT118 HLADQ DNA 17 TH01 STR PM 30 VNTR STR HLADQ PM 15 STR 31 DNA 3000 ABO MCT STR MCT118 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 56, , p.37. p.40. DNA
13 DNA 16 DNA DNA DNA 17 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA
14 DNA 39 DNA DNA pp DNA 78, , p
15 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 16 DNA 40 DNA DNA 100 DNA 42 DNA 43 DNA DNA DNA 58, , p , , pp
16 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 20 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 44 DNA
17 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, intimate sample non-intimate sample DNA15; DNA , 1988 ; ;
18 DNA 1994 Criminal Justice and Public Order Act A 24 p
19 DNA Criminal Procedures and Investigation Act Criminal Evidence Act Criminal Justice and Police Act Criminal justice Act 2003 DNA 53 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 1989 DNA DNA 58 DNA p.47. DNA pp ; 2004 DNA 226, , pp DNA, 1990, p.2. 43, 1958, p.192. pp.192, 239. p.54. p.357. p
20 NGO Innocence Project DNA DNA DNA 62 DNA DNA 63 DNA DNA DNA Identification Act of DNA DNA DNA FBI FBI DNA CODIS DNA Combined DNA Index System CODIS DNA Local DNA Index System DNA State DNA Index System DNA National DNA Index System NDIS DNA 2000 DNA Innocence Project < last access : DNA 58, , pp ; DNA 58, , pp , p.178. pp.1-2. p
21 DNA DNA NDIS DNA DNA 2005 CODIS DNA DNA Investigations Aided DNA DNA DNA DNA Justice for All Act of 2004 DNA 2000 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA p.73. Federal Bureau of Investigation, "Combined DNA Index System." < /index1.htm> last access : DNA DNA No.1297, , p.145. pp.1-3, DNA
22 DNA 73 DNA 74 DNA a 81 c DNA DNA 81 e 81 f DNA DNA 81 g DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 81 f 2004 DNA 81 g 81 e DNA DNA DNA 221, pp ; DNA 211, , pp36-47 ; DNA -- "" 210, , pp DNA 68, , pp DNA p.37. DNA 211, , pp p
23 DNA DNA DNA DNA DNA 81 f DNA 81 f DNA 81 h DNA DNA 81 g 2005 DNA DNA DNA 1956 ICPC DNA DNA 1998 DNA DNA 12 DNA 1999 DNA 2001 DNA DNA DNA < < p
24 2002 DNA DNA DNA DNA 27 DNA G 2003 DNA G DNA DNA DNA 81 DNA STR 1612 DNA DNA <
25 DNA, p.146. X Y XX XY DNA STR STR X Y XY XX
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