動物遺伝資源探索調査報告 第14号

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1 Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources (No.14) National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences

2

3

4 edited by Genebank Lab. of Animal Genetic Resources Mitsuru MINEZAWA Hideaki TAKAHASHI Masae KAWADA

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6 Director 1. 2.

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8 1. Present Situation of Native Animal Genetic Resources Originated in Island Area of Kagoshima Prefecture Mitsuru MINEZAWA Genebank National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences FAO Critical-maintained Endangered-maintained Critical Endangered Maintained 1

9

10 3 200km Kimura , 4, cm cm cm 22cm cm 15cm cm

11 , , I W PP 4

12 , , cm cm 114.9cm 118.7cm 117.6cm 114.3cm 114.0cm 27 35cm

13 X , kg

14 , 14, 15, 16,

15 , 3 5 On farm ex situ

16 1. Present Situation of Native Animal Genetic Resources Originated in Island Area of Kagoshima Prefecture Mitsuru MINEZAWA Genebank National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Abstract Much native livestock remained in the island region of Kagoshima Prefecture until the late 1950s. However, the subsequent socio-economical change deprived native breeds of their position and they were substituted by highly improved breeds. The remaining breeds have been transferred and they are conserved mainly on the mainland of Kagoshima. The present condition of conservation of the Tokara horse, Tokara goat, Kuchinoshima feral cattle and Shima-buta (pig), known as the livestock breeds that originated in the Kagoshima islands area, was surveyed in March, Tokara horse: 125 head are reared at Iriki livestock farm of Kagoshima University, Kaimon-Dake foothill Natural Park, and Nakanoshima in the Tokara Isles, etc. Tokara goat: Approximately 40 head are maintained in Kagoshima University, and Hirakawa municipal zoo. Kuchinoshima feral cattle: head are maintained. Those surviving as feral animals in Kuchinoshima account for head, and are conserved in each of the Iriki livestock farm of Kagoshima University and the Experimental Station of Highland Animal Production of Nagoya University. Shima-buta: A total of around 100 head remain in Tokunoshima and on the mainland of Kagoshima. All of these breeds are at risk according to the criteria of FAO. The Tokara goat is in the criticalmaintained category and the other breeds are in endangered-maintained. (Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources 14 : 1 20, 2004) 9

17 km 2 km m

18 kg 12 kg 35 kg

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20 kg kg cm cm kg kg cm cm kg kg kg 160kg 85cm kg 160kg 80cm 40 41kg 40 41kg kg g kg mm kg g kg mm kg g 72 75kg kg g 72 75kg

21 14

22 図7 図4 海から見た口之島 西側 矢印は野生化牛の 住む燃岳 図5 口之島案内図 図6 口之島の黒毛和種 放牧場 図7 口之島野生化牛 生息域への入り口 15

23 図8 9 口之島で観察された野生化牛 図10 口之島の農家で飼育されていた山羊 白色固体が見られた 左端 図12 口之島特産の サンスベリアの栽培 図11 野生化牛を観察した山の反対側 急斜面にいた2頭の山羊 矢印 16

24 図13 鹿児島大学入来牧場案内図 図14 16 入来牧場の口之島野生化牛 図17 鹿児島大学 農学部のトカラ山羊 図18 入来牧場のトカラ馬 17

25 図19 中之島案内図 図20 中之島トカラヤギ 牧場の看板 図21 中之島トカラヤギ牧場で飼育されている山羊 図22 中之島の御岳山麓で見かけた 野生化ヤギ 図23 トカラヤギ牧場の管理室にいた 野生から持ち込まれた子山羊 18

26 図24 開聞山麓自然公園内に放牧されているトカラ馬 図25 中之島高尾の湿原に放牧されているトカラ馬 19

27 図28 黒毛奄美島豚の商標登録証 図26 27 ゆうかり学園の奄美の島豚 図29 鹿児島市内のデパートで販売されている奄美の島豚の肉 20

28 2. The Development and Improvement of Local Chicken Lines in Aomori Katsumi SAITO Poultry Division, Experiment Station of Animal Husbandry, Aomori Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry Research Center g 140 2,966 3,651g 100g P< ,806 4,184g 45g P< P< ,087 2,197g300 2,841 3,138g g P< P< ,719 1,978g g P<0.01 L* a* b* C*

29 ,832 2,114g g L* b* C* a* P< P< ,555 1,849g 23g (P<0.11) g g g 0.6g 273 P< P< g 0.14g P< g 0.45g P< P< : 21 42,

30 K k 1 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F /07/ /07/ /07/ /07/ /08/ /07/ /07/18 1) F 1 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/ B6 B7 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 1995/04/ /04/ /04/ /05/ /05/ /05/ /06/06 1/128 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/256 1/ / / / / / / /256 1) B F1 G O 1/2 1/2 3 23

31 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F /06/ /07/ /09/ /07/ /08/ /07/ /08/ ) F 1 O 1/2 1/2 4 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 1995/04/ /04/ /09/ /06/ /06/ /06/ /07/ ) F G8 G9 G10 G11 G12 G13 G15 G /03/ /06/ /07/ /08/ /06/ /06/ /07/ /07/

32 CP16.0ME2800kcal/ 14 3 CR-200 L*a*b* k K k

33 k1987 F1 ( B) BB Bbb-BB F ,966 3,651g300 3,806 4,184gP< (g) 300 (g) % , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ) 26

34 * 44.80* * *P< g300 45g 140 2,805 2,937g300 3,679 3,931g g 59g 27

35 P< F /256 1/ ,087 2,197g300 28

36 (g) 300 (g) % , , , , , , , , , , , , ) P< ,841 3,138g g P< B5 29

37 ,950 3,171g g /2 1/2 6 7 O /2 1/2 0 3/4 7/8 a* /2 1/2 30

38 F1 1 F a* 1995 a* 1997 a* P< ,719 1,978g 300 1,917 2,007g g P<

39 L* a*

40 300 (g) 300 (g) % , , , , , , , ) L* a* b* C* ) L* 300 a* 300 b* 300 C* 300 P<0.10**P< ** b* C* L* a* b* C*

41 O 1/2 1/ a* ,832 2,114g g ,971 2,243g g F1 F2 L* a* P<0.01 a*

42 a* b* b* C*

43 (g) % , , , , , , , ) L* a* b* C* ) L* 300 a* 300 b* 300 C* 300 **P< ** L* a* L* a* a* 36

44 の濃い卵を産する鶏種となり 選抜の効果が明らかであった 今後さらに a* を低くするとと もに 産卵率を高めることに選抜の重点を移す必要がある 5 卵黄重選抜系 1 特徴 白色レグホーン種で卵黄重を増加させる選抜を行っている鶏種である 本種の外貌および卵 黄の大きさは写真 および写真 13 に示した 写真12 卵黄重選抜系統雌 写真11 卵黄重選抜系統雄 とさかは断冠している 写真13 1994 年孵化 卵黄重選抜系 左 卵重 61.3g 卵黄重 17.8g 無選抜対照系 右 卵重 57.2g 卵黄重 16.0g 37

45 P< ,555 1,849g 23g P< g 0.6g P< g 0.6g P< g 0.14g P< g g 0.45g P< P< g 38

46 240 (g) 300 (g) % , , , , , , , , ) (g) (g) (g) (g) (%) (%) ) g 39

47 P<0.13 *P<0.05**P< * ** 0.14* ** 0.07** g 1.5g L*a*b* L*u*v* C

48 2. The Development and Improvement of Local Chicken Lines in Aomori Katsumi SAITO Poultry Division, Experiment Station of Animal Husbandry, Aomori Prefectural Agricultural and Forestry Research Center Summary The objective of this report was to investigate the capacity of five kinds of local chickens produced in Aomori from 1995 to Meat-type rapid feathering Barred Plymouth Rock 1) The age at first egg was days and the egg weight at 300 days of age was g. 2) The body weight at 140 days of age was 2,966-3,651g, increasing by 100g a year (P<0.05). The body weight at 300 days of age was 3,806-4,184g, increasing by 45g a year (P<0.05). 3) The surviving egg production for days of age was %, decreasing by 0.8% a year (P<0.05). 2. Barred Japanese game 1) The age at first egg was days and the egg weight at 300 days of age was g. The body weights at 140 and 300 days of age were 2,087-2,197g and 2,841-3,138g, respectively 2) The surviving egg production for days of age was %. It tended to increase by 1.2% a year (P<0.12). 3. Asunaro Ran I 1) The age at first egg was days and it tended to decrease by 2.4 days a year (P<0.10). 2) The egg weight and body weight at 300 days of age were g and 1,719-1,978g respectively 3) The surviving egg production for days of age was %, increasing by 2.6% a year (P<0.01). 4) The shell color components: L*, a*, b*, and C*, and hue angle at 300 days of age were , 5.83 to 5.16, , and degrees, respectively. 4. Asunaro Ran 1) The age at first egg was daysthe egg weight and body weight at 300 days of age were g and 1,832-2,114grespectively. The surviving egg production for days of age was % 2) The L*, b*, C* and hue angle of shell color were , , , and degrees, respectively. 41

49 3) The a* of shell color was 5.69 to 4.87, decreasing by 0.4% a year (P<0.01). 5. Yolk weight selected line 1) The age at first egg was days and it tended to decrease by 2 days a year (P<0.13). 2) The body weight at 240 days of age was 1,555-1,849g and it tended to increase by 23g a year (P<0.11). 3) The surviving egg production for days of age was %. The egg shell weight and the ratio of yolk weight to egg weight at 273 days of age were g and %, respectively. 4) The egg weights at 273 and 300 days of age were g and g, respectively. Both increased by 0.6g a year (P<0.01 for 273 days, P<0.05 for 300 days). 5) The yolk weight at 273 days of age was g, increasing by 0.14g a year (P<0.05). 6) The albumen weight at 273 days of age was g, increasing by 0.45g a year (P<0.01). The ratio of eggshell weight to egg weight was %, decreasing by 0.07% a year (P<0.01). (Survey Report for Animal Genetic Resources 14 : ) 42

50 Published by Natl. Inst. Agrobiol. Sciences Kannondai, Tukuba, Japan

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