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1 II (* 10 crossing networks joint venture Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) RJV * Information Networks and Financial Intermediation ~ A Survey and Critical Comments (II) TEL(DI): FAX:
2 information spillover Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) knowledge share absorptive capacity Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) R&D R&D Suzumura (1992) Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) bads goods RJV Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) Cournot-Nash equilibrium - n
3 II Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) R&D R&DRJV RJV R&D R&D R&D R&D R&D RJV Kamien-Muller- Zang (1992) RJV RJV R&D Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) j x ji Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) f i ( )x i f i (x i; x j,,,, ) f i (x i x j) i Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992)
4 Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992) RJV Goyal (2007) Kranton-Minehart (2001) buyerseller vertical link pattern agents competitive positions in a network stochastic Kranton-Minehart (2001) nonmarket institutionsp.487 bilateral exchange p.485 side payments
5 II Kranton-Minehart (2001) Kranton-Minehart (2001) productive capacity welfare gainskranton-minehart (2001) economies of sharing Jackson (2003) Kranton- Minehart (2001) bipartite network structures Kamien-Muller-Zang (1992)
6 Kranton- Minehart (2001) economies of sharing sharing joint use economies of sharing Z C Z1 Z2 C1(K1, Z1) + C2(K2, Z2) C1(K1, Z) + C2(K2, Z) Z1, Z2, Z Z Z Z1 + Z2, Z1 Z2 Z/2 Z1 Z2 0 and Z 0 Benkler (2004) 2LDK LDK 12 cloud 12 (timeshare)
7 II Amazon.com EC2 Google Google App Engine G sharing goods (excludability) (nonrivalness) sharing rule (equal consumption) (nondivisibility)
8 Buchanan, J n x G G U U x, G 1 U G xnu x 0 U G 0 C C C x, G 2 C x C G 0 I x C x, G / n I Lagrangean multiplier V V (x, G, ) U x, G ( x C x, G / n ) I V / x 0, V / G 0, V /0 U x 1 + C x / n 0, U G C G / n 0, n (U G / U x) 1 + C x / n C G, (4) G n G U G / U x C G / n, (5)
9 II n C x / n (4) (5) n C Cx Cx (4) Allen-Babus (2008) MF VC CEO VC VC VC Hochberg- Ljungqvist-Lu (2010) Allen-Gale (2000)
10 Leitner (2005) Allen-Gale (2000) Leitner (2005) Leitner (2005) contagion the impossibility of formal commitments common lender Garmaise-Moskowitz (2003) () Garmaise-Moskowitz (2003) Informal Financial Networks 13 Garmaise-Moskowitz (2003) p t
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12 Garmaise- Moskowitz (2003) advisory services VC certification VTB
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14 Gale-Kariv (2007) Gale- Kariv (2007) uncertainty of trade market breakdowns
15 II Gale-Kariv (2007) endowment utility line network pit open outcry
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18 increasing returns common lender Gale-Kariv (2007) limited carrying capacity trading uncertainty costly discounting
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21 II OTH originate to hold CDS OTD originate to distribute CDS CDS CDS
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24 SNS P2P person-to-person lending social lending SNS P2P ExCo ExCo
25 II ExCo FICO MMF always onlog-in log-out SBI SBI maneo 18 PageRank Page 0 10(PageRank TM ) Kleinberg 1999 Web ( ) ()
26 SNS Akerlof, G. A., The Market for Lemons : Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84 (3), Aug. 1970, pp Albert, R. et al., (2000), Error and attack tolerance of complex networks, Nature, 406, pp Allen, F. and Gale, D., (2000), Financial Contagion, Journal of Political Economy, 108, pp Allen, A. and Babus, A., Networks in Finance, February Amaral, L.A.N. et al, Classes of small-world networks, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97, No. 21, pp (2000). Benkler, Y., (2004), Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 114, No. 2, November 2004, pp Bikhchadani, S., Hirshleifer, D. and Welch, I., A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades, Journal of Political Economy, 100, 1992, pp Bikhchadani, S., Hirshleifer, D. and Welch, I., Learning from the Behavior of Others: Conformity, Fads, and Informational Cascades, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12.3, Summer 1998, pp Caldarelli, S., (2007), Scale-Free Networks, Oxford University Press. Demange, M. and Wooders, M., Group Formation in Economics: Networks, Clubs and Coalition, Cambridge University Press, Easley, D., Hvidkjaer, S. and O hara, M., Is Information Risk a Determinant of Asset Returns? Journal of Finance, LVII 5, October 2002, pp Farrell, J. and Saloner, G., (1985), Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation, Rand Journal of Economics, 16.1: pp Farrell, J. and Saloner, G., (1986), Installed Base and Compatibility: Innovation, Product Preannouncements, and Predation, American Economic Review, 76.5, pp Gale, D. M. and Kariv, S., Financial Networks, American Economic Review, May 2007, 97(2), pp Garmaise, M. J. and Moskowitz, T. J., Informal Financial Networks: Theory and Evidence, Review of Financial Studies, Winter 2003, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp Grande, G. and Visco, I., A Public Guarantee of a Minimum Return to Defined Contribution Pension
27 II Scheme Members, December Grossman, S. and Stiglitz, J., Information and Competitive Price Systems, American Economic Review, 66 (May 1976), pp Grossman, S. and Stiglitz, J., On the Impossibility of Informationally Efficient Markets, American Economic Review, 70 (3), June 1980, pp Goyal, S., (2007), Connections, Princeton University Press. Hochberg, Y. V., Ljungqvist, A. and Lu, Y., Networking as a Barrier to Entry and the Competitive Supply of Venture Capital, Journal of Finance, Hou, K. and Moskowitz, T. J., Market frictions, price delay, and the cross-section of expected returns, Review of Financial Studies, 2005,18, pp Jackson, M.O., (2005), A Survey of Models of Network Formation: Stability and Efficiency, in Demange-Wooders (2005), pp Jackson, M.O., (2008), Social and Economic Networks, Princeton University Press. Kamien, M. I., Muller, E. and Zang, I., (1992), Research Joint Venture and R&D Cartels, American Economic Review, 82(5), pp Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C., (1985), Network Externalities, Competition, and Compatibility, American Economic Review, 75.3: pp Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C., (1986a), Product Compatibility Choice in a Market with Technological Progress, Oxford Economic Papers Special Issue on the New Industrial Economics: pp Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C., (1986b), Technology Adoption in the Presence of Network Externality, Journal of Political Economy, 94.4, pp Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C., (1992), Product Introduction with Network Externalities, Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol.40, pp Katz, M. L. and Shapiro, C., (1994), Systems Competition and Network Effects, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8.2: pp Kleinberg, J. M., (1999), Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked environment, Journal of the ACM, 46(5): pp , (Technical Report RJ 10076, IBM, May 1997). Kranton, R. and Minehart, D., (2001), Theory of Buyer-Seller Networks, American Economic Review, 91(3), pp Lee, I-H., Market Crashes and Informational Avalanches, Review of Economic Studies, 65, 1998, pp Lee, I-H., On the Convergence of Informational Cascades, Journal of Economic Theory, 61.2, December 1993, pp Leitner, Y., Financial Networks: Contagion, Commitment, and Private Sector Bailouts, Journal of Finance, V. LX, No. 6, December 2005, pp Milgrom, P. and Roberts, J., Economics, Organization and Management, 1992, Prentice Hall. and NTT Suzumura, K., Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Oligopoly with Spillovers, American Economic Review, Vol. 82 (1992), pp
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