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こうしょとどろき
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1 熱作用によるナイロンロープの切断機構について * 高橋光一 NITE NITE Keywords : Nylon Rope Rupture, Ishioka s First Problem, Ishioka s Second Problem, Heat, Melting, Non - Newtonian Fluid 109

2 172 I Shinoda et al SKK : 1 =

3 1956 ; L 1L a a 1L 1 L 1956 SKK ; 1972SKK

4 a 3 b 2 Tz T= 1 c a Tz Tz SKK 1956 SKK R 1R 1 mm mm 24 mm 4 11 mm 24 mm SKK 1956Fig mm - SKK 1956Fig mm 40 kg 112

5 SKK NITE NITE a 6 b SKK

6 172 b 0.5 m2 m L SKK mm 4 C SKK 1956 Table II 3 3 Hooke 0 0 Benenson SKK

7 3. Benenson : 0R SKK 1956 NITE 3 5 NITE 1 2 IV 4 R 1972 R 0R 0 mm1r 1 mm5r 5 mm 0R 0R NITE mark.org/kijun/s pdf NITE NITE 115

8 172 II.NITE 2014 NITE L 0 =2.8 m 50 cm h/22.5 m M 55 kg 80 kg 0R NITE NITE 2014 III. a b 2 Hooke c Hooke d d1 d2 d3 d31 d32 116

9 MKS MKS 3.1 M=55 kg 1 Benenson Benenson et al t = 0 0 = $$ + 10 m s 1 g h 0 =5 m 2 t > 0 Lt R W -1 / dr W= 1 0 S R W E Young S F s t t 4 mm 2 : d + 02$1000$10 $1$ R$10-3 v 2 = = - S 2 = - S = 0 u / + 0 S u-x, -1X 0 W 2 = 10 RW 1000$10 $1$ R$10 - W 2 u = ~910 ms 2 S / - u 0 117

10 172 2 =- /- 2 0 x 2 = 0 Rx W+1 RxW x / 0 1 = ~ x + $2 1000$10 $1$ R$10 - W x 00 m s 1 : RW = u0 +0 = = 0 = 0 R x -0 Rx W+1 Rx WW t = 0 L = L 0, v = v 0, s = s 0 : 0 = 1- u $ = $10 $1$ R$10 - W 2 1 = x 0 00$ s 0 s 1 t L : 4 t 0 = u0 +00, 0 = 0 1 x u = +0 Rx 0 W+1 Rx W = Rx = T Y W+1 Rx W $ +- $ $ = T+ 2 R0 RxW+1 RxWWY x 0 2 x ms N ,4002,700 kg N 118

0 00$10 + + 02 0 2 s 0 s 1 t L : 4 t 0 = u0 +00, 0 = 0 1 x u = +0 Rx 0 W+1 Rx W = 1-0+0 Rx = T - 2 2 Y W+1 Rx W $

11 = 0 R-0 RxW+1 RxWW x = 2 x R -W = t0 v 0 x v 1 R1-0W 0 =- R x 0 Rx W-1 Rx W W; 0 x 0 =- R x 0 Rx x W-1 Rx x W+1W =- R x 0 Rx x W-1 Rx x W+1W D = Rx W-R0W = 0R0 Rx x W+1 Rx x W-0W x 0.07s 7 x x = D + 2R-11$10-2 R12W+02R12W+11$10-2 W D D D + 0 D R-11$ $0+11$ D + $ W+ 0 RW F C F S + 2 n 7 119

12 172 = n + 2 n x W f D x = = # x # + 2 ns # 0 = 2 n 0 # 0 x 0 S 0 0 = 2 n 0 # 0 x S x 2 S = nx SRx W 2 n = 0.5x = x = 0.07 nx SRx W 2 + 0$0$00 2 # 2 R+0R-11$10-2 $1+02$0WW 2 2 $2$ + 1 R W Q f W f NITE Q f 1/100 Q f : DT + = f, 0< f < 1 = f = f t D c p m D S p DT + f t D 1 + f 1$10 $11$10 $1$ R$10 - W 2 $00 + f C D T f 120

07 nx 2 2 0 SRx W 2 + 0$0$00 2 # 2 R+0R-11$10-2 $1+02$0WW 2 2 $2$ + 1 R W Q f W f

13 3.2 Hooke mm 75 kg0.52 m / MPa Benenson et al MPa Mg M=55 kg /1.4~960 N 2dr m 3W C =F C df C r ~4 Ws 4V C S2rdS C C r S C 2 NITE 2014 r S C + $2 = 2$10 - R 2 10 W + 1$10 - R W NITE R 0S C 2 p C + 121

5 Mg M=55 kg 1 2 1 + 2 2 2.5559.8/1.4~960 N 2dr 0.

14 $ RW Benenson et al MPa p C Q C W C = f, 0< f < 1 f 1 Q C DT + t = f t DT + f t + f 1$10 $11$10 $1$10 - D T f D T C + 220f C V C V C 440 f IV D T f 3.2 D T C 55 kg NITE f C f MPa 200 f C 8 NITE 1020 NITE 122

15 f 1/2 100 C 1/22 NITE 5 10 C C 220 C 50 C i ii 0 t W C t

16 172 Benenson et al MPa 300 MPa C NITE 100 C 9 124

17 2 H 0 m T W 2 SKK1956 T = T Y k = ESL k Hooke H 0 T W mm 80 kg 5 m 0R 350 kgw 0 m 160 kg 2 kh/wl1 T~3W=240 kg : 0 m 1 0 m 350 kgw ihooke Newton iihooke Newton i 1992 NITE 2014 tan d 125

2 kh/wl1 T~3W=240 kg 1990 2 : 0 m 1 0 m 350 kgw

18 172 NITE C 20 C 0.02< tan d <0.07 ii V. k R 126

19 NITE

20 : ; 2007 NITE 2014 NITE 128

21 2014NITE pp NITE last retrieved in July 30, H Benenson W, Harris J W, Stocker H and Lutz H ed.2000handbook of physics Springer. Shinoda G, Kajiwara N and Kawabe H 1956Dynamical behaviour of a nylon climbing rope Technology Reports of the Osaka University, Abstract The mechanism of nylon - rope rupture under the circumstances that give rise to stress in the rope is considered by taking the experiment conducted by NITE 2014into account. The climbing accident happened in the northern Japan Alps in January 1955 raised the issue of whether nylon rope is cut by the natural rock edge has been considered to be solved. In the endeavour to resolve the problem, Ishioka addressed two problems concerning the anomalous phenomena in rupture events, which are called Ishioka s first and second problems in this note.these problems seem neither to have been solely reconsidered in successive works so far nor to have been systematically reviewed.in this note, an idea that sheds a light on these two Ishioka s problems is proposed. Dynamical and thermal influences are considered which lead to the rope - rupture.the dynamically generated stresses are tension and pressure.their thermal influence emerges as the action to nylon fibres of heats that are generated between the rope and the edge of a plate prepared to cut the nylon rope in the NITE experiment.we aim at quantifying how much dynamical stress is converted to heat. The tension of the rope combined with the gravity is the most important factor that determines the falling motion of the weight at the end of the rope.elastic approximation to the tension will be employed in order to simplify the arguments.frictional force between the rope and the surface of the cutting plate together with the diffusion of heat within the rope are small and are neglected. First, we consider the heat generated at the edge of the cutting plate just after the weight ceases free fall. Second, the pressure to the nylon rope from the edge and the rupture stress is compared. Third, the conversion of the work done by the above pressure to heat is evaluated and is compared with the known thermal property of nylon. It is shown that the third factor mentioned above is significant and that Ishioka s first problem will be solved by taking account of this effect. Finally, it is noted that Ishioka s second problem can be closely associated to the property of the non - Newtonian fluid. 129

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21 Perceptual relation bettween shadow, reflectance and luminance under aambiguous illuminations. 1100302 2010 3 1 2 1 ( ) 2 ( ) i Abstract Perceptual relation bettween shadow, reflectance and luminance