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1 IP version 6 1
2 CIDR NAT Peer-to-Peer / End-to-End & IP IPv6 2
3 3
4 Internet end-to-end model End system End system Internet Routers in the middle 4
5 What happen if.. nd system End system? Internet? Internet Intermediate nodes Proxy server Firewall Protocol translator 5 Dial-up
6 End system Enclosure by the intermediate nodes End system Internet Private Closed Network 6
7 For web: Client/Server Architecture is breaking Sufficient to have clients in private address spaces access servers in global address space down Global Addressing Realm Private Address Realm Private Address Realm Telephones need an address when you call them, and are therefore servers in private realm 7
8 Need an end to end naming and addressing architecture Global Addressing Realm Implication: IP Version 6 deployment required for continued development of Internet in Mobile Networks, 8 Developing Countries
9 NAT(Network Address Translation) IP (src_ip) (src_port) IP (RFC1631) (1) Private Global -DNS NAT IP - (dst_ip) (src_ip, src_port) (2) Global Private - (src_ip, src_port) (dst_ip) (*) (src_port) (i) src_ip (ii) dst_ip 9
10 NAT A NAT C AC AC N C N C 10
11 11 Traditional NAT NAT C A C C C C
12 Bi-directional NAT A NAT C C C 12
13 Twice NAT A NAT C? Nl1 Ng1 Nl1 Ng1 13
14 25 Business Internet Access 20 Users (Millions) Fiber Fixed Wireless T1 DSL Satelitte Dial-up Source: Banc of America Securities LLC, Industry sources,
15 IP (Internet Protocol) IP : 32 bits 4x10 9 (40 ) ( 60 ) 13 Digits 1 10 Digits 10 9 Digits 1 ( ) 2x8 Digits 2, Digits 10. We Need Further Addresses x N (N=?) >> 15
16 IP (Internet Protocol) IP : 32 bits 4x10 9 (40 ) ( 60 ) 13 Digits 1 10 Digits 10 9 Digits 1 ( ) 2x8 Digits 2, Digits 10. We Need Further Addresses x N (N=?) >> >> 16
17 17
18
19 VoIP Polycomm Messenger (MS & AOL) Interactive Game Etc 19
20 New Object Hooked to the Internet (Nomadic / Mobile) (Wareable / Mobile) New Topological Regions Hooked to the Internet 20
21 GS Personal Area Network LAN ) (ITS) 21
22 22
23 23
24 Millions 1,400 1,200 1, Mobile Internet Outlook More handsets than PCs connected to the Internet by the end of 2003! Projected PCs connected to the Internet (Dataquest 10/ 98) Projected cellular subscribers (Nokia 1999) Projected Web handsets (Nokia 1999)
25 Head-mount Display for a Single Eye Single-hand Keyboard Wearable Computer By courtesy of Nikkei BP Inc. Portions where a wearable computer can be attached 25
26 MDF 26
27 SensIT Project at DARPA 27
28 IPv6 28
29 IPv6 IPv4 128bit 32bit 128bit 4,294,967,296 (40 ) 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 29
30 IPv6 IPv4 (cont.) IP HOST Router HOST 30
31 IPv6 IPv4 (cont.) ARP -> NDP IPsec IP MobileIPv6 IPsec Explicit Multicast 31
32 32
33 IPv6 128bit 16 4 : 3ffe:501:100c:e320:2e0:18ff:fe98:936d 0 3ffe:0501:100c:e320:0000:0000:0000:0001 3ffe:501:100c:e320::
34 IPv6 ID ( 64bit) ID ( 64bit) EUI-64 Ethernet MAC 34
35 IPv6 (cont.) Network Prefix Interface ID 64bit 64bit N+I Network IPv6 : 2001:218:1800::/48 IPv4 : /8 2001:218:1800:e100::/ :218:1800:e200::/ /24 35
36 Unicast Address Anycast Address Multicast Address 36
37 Anycast HOST 2001::1 HOST HOST HOST 2001::1 2001::1 37
38 (cont.) Loopback Address ::1 IPv4 ::IPv4 address :: IPv4 ::ffff:ipv4 address ::ffff: IPv4 38
39 3ffe:501::/32 ISP B ISP A 3ffe:500::/24 TLA ID NLA ID A 3ffe:501:1000:/48 B 3ffe:501:2000:/48 SLA ID 39
40 3ffe:500::/24 ISP A 3ffe:501::/32 ISP B CC ISP D ISP E 3ffe:501:1000::/48 3ffe:501:2000::/48 3ffe:501:3000::/48 40
41 Growth in BGP Route Table Source: http// ops/bgptable.html But they cannot be relied on forever Projected routing table growth without CIDR/NAT Moore s Law and NATs make routing work today Deployment Period of CIDR 41 Jun-88 Dec-88 Jun-89 Dec-89 Jun-90 Dec-90 Jun-91 Dec-91 Jun-92 Dec-92 Jun-93 Dec-93 Jun-94 Dec-94 Jun-95 Dec-95 Jun-96 Dec-96 Jun-97 Dec-97 Jun-98 Dec-98 Jun-99 Dec-99
42 ISP1 Multi-Home Network 3ffe:501:1000::/48 ISP2 2001:218:1800::/48 3ffe:501:1000:1000::/ :218:1800:1000::/64 42
43 43
44 IPv4 Ver HL TOS Total Length Identification Flag Fragment Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Source Address Destination Address Options Padding IPv6 IPv4 44
45 IPv6 Ver Traffic Class Payload Length Flow Label Next Hop Limit Header Source Address Destination Address IPv4 IPv6 45
46 IPv6 Header Next Header = TCP IPv6 Header Next Header = EXT TCP Header EXT Header Next Header = TCP TCP Header IPv6 Header EXT Header EXT Header TCP Header Next Header = EXT Next Header = EXT Next Header = TCP 46
47 NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) 47
48 NDP ARP(Address Resolution Protocol) NDP(Neighbor Discovery Protocol) ICMP IP Multicast 48
49 NDP (cont.) 49
50 50
51 Stateless Address Auto Configuration NDP EUI-64 DNS (DHCP, Anycast) Router RA Host Host 51
52 draft-ietf-ipngwg-router-renum-10 52
53 DHCPv6 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol IPv6 DHCP Address prefix allocation DNS 53
54 54
55 e.g., IEEE1394, Ethernet, USB, etc MPLS IP IP SOHO SOHO 55
56 56
57 IPsec keyed MD5 DES CBC 3 57
58 2 AH Authentication Header ESP Encapsulating Security Payload 58
59 DNS 59
60 DNS for IPv6 RFC1886, RFC2874 IPv6 AAAA A6 DNAME Inverse zone Ip6.int. (nibble boundary) Ip6.arpa. (bitlabel boundary) RR 60
61 61
62 getaddrinfo gethostbyname IPv4/IPv6 int getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char *servname, const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res) nodename: servname: ( ) hints: addrinfo res: addrinfo 62
63 getnameinfo gethostbyaddr IPv4/IPv6 int getnameinfo(const struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t salen, char *host,size_t hostlen, char *serv, size_t servlen, int flags); sockaddr 63
64 Microsoft XP, Windows2000, Windows CE, WMT Sun Microsoft Solaris 8 Apple MAC OS X Second Edition BSD UNIX Powered by KAME NetBSD, FreeBSD, OpenBSD Linux Powered by USAGI Embedded OS TRON@ Access, KASAGO@Elmic 64
65 IPv6 IETF IPng WG 6bone IPv6.org 6bone-JP KAME BSD USAGI Linux Freenet6 65
66 66
67 IPv6 ( ) End-to-End 67
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IPv6 IPv4 I / 9 1 CIDR,, NAT IP IPv6 I / 9 2 I / 9 3 1 CIDR Classless Inter-Domain Routing RFC1519 IPv4 CIDR IPng (=IPv6) I / 9 4 Growth in BGP Route Table 90000 80000 Source: http//www.telstra.net/ ops/bgptable.html
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2 1: OSI OSI,,,,,,,,, 4 TCP/IP TCP/IP, TCP, IP 2,, IP, IP. IP, ICMP, TCP, UDP, TELNET, FTP, HTTP TCP IP
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