目 次 Review Article Cryptococcus neoformans and oxygen Review Article

Transcription

1 ANNUAL REPORT OF RESEARCH CENTER FOR PATHOGENIC FUNGI AND MICROBIAL TOXICOSES CHIBA UNIVERSITY

2 目 次 Review Article Cryptococcus neoformans and oxygen Review Article

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4 ,.,,,.,,,.,,,,.,,,,.,,,,.,,,.,,,,,,., :,, Myco Research Core,.,,,,..,.,,,., in,., IL-,, DOCK, virulence factors,.,,.,,,.,,,.,, JST.,,,,,.,,,.,.,,,,,.,,,,

5 ,.,,,,,,,,..,, :,. NBRP,, NBRP,,,,, NBRP,., NBRP,,.,,.,,,.,,,,,,,..,,,,.,,.,,,,. NBRP,,.,..,,,,..,,.,.,,.,,.,,,.,,.,,.

6 Department of Pathogenic Fungi, Division of Fungal Infection 教 授 : 亀 井 克 彦 学 内 委 員,,,,,, ICT, 学 協 会 への 貢 献,,,, Advances Against Aspergillosis, Mycopathologia, Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy,,,,,,, センター 内 委 員,,,,,,, WG,,,, 所 属 学 会,,,,,,,,, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, American Society for Microbiology 受 賞 : :,,,, Stachybotrys chartarum,,. :. :,,,,,,,, : Chaetomium globosum : :,,,,,, AIDS Penicillium marneffei,,. :. :,,,,,,,, : Chaetomium globosum その 他,,, 助 教 授 : 佐 野 文 子 学 内 委 員 センター 内 委 員,,,,,,,, WG,, WG 学 協 会 への 貢 献 国 および 地 方 公 共 団 体 への 貢 献, 所 属 学 会,,,,,,,,, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology 受 賞 :.

7 :,,,,,,,, : Chaetomium globosum. : :,,,,,, AIDS Penicillium marneffei, その 他 助 手 : 栗 田 啓 幸 センター 内 委 員 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会, 助 手 : 大 荒 田 素 子 学 内 委 員 学 外 委 員 センター 内 委 員,,, WG 所 属 学 会,,, 助 手 ( 兼 任 ): 渡 辺 哲 学 内 委 員 ICT, 所 属 学 会,,,,,,, 受 賞 : :,,,, Stachybotrys charatrum, 学 協 会 への 貢 献 その 他 技 術 職 員 : 鎗 田 響 子 非 常 勤 講 師 : 多 部 田 弘 士 非 常 勤 講 師 : 高 橋 容 子 研 究 機 関 研 究 員 : 豊 留 孝 仁. リサーチレジデント : 落 合 恵 理. 研 究 支 援 推 進 員 : 佐 藤 綾 香. 技 術 補 佐 員 : 高 山 明 子. 技 術 補 佐 員 : 井 上 京 子. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 村 田 佳 輝. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 高 橋 英 雄. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 永 吉 優. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 鎗 田 響 子. 千 葉 大 学 園 芸 学 部 : 河 合 利 春. 研 究 概 要. Stachybotrys chartarum Stachybotrys chartarum.,.., S. chartarum,,.,, DNA PCR.. Aspergillus fumigatus,,,.. Aspergillus fumigatus,,. Th,.. Cryptococcus neoformans,,.

8 . H M.,.,.,..,,.. - Dectin - Aspergillus fumigatus,..,. DC. A. fumigatus AP -. AP - A. fumigatus. -, - Dectin - AP -., Dectin - A. fumigatus - AP -. Dectin - Syk AP -.. Trichophyron tonsurans, Microsporum gypseum, T. mentagrophytes.. Coccidioides spp.. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Penicillium marneffei.. Arthrograhis kalrae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Scedosporium aurantiacum Penicillium marneffei... Chrysosporium keratinophyllum..,,,,,,,,,.., n- n -.. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb,. PMN, buffy coat in vitro,., Pb., whole blood, in vitro Pb,

9 ., whole blood Pb,.,,.., Pb,,,.,,, Pb. 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 著 書 :. yearbook,, pp. -,. :...,, pp. -, pp. -, pp. -,., : I Q Q A,,, pp. -,. :,.,, pp. -,. : II Q Q & A,., pp. -,. 2. 原 著 英 文 Ohori A, Endo S, Sano A, Yokoyama K, Yarita K, Yamaguchi M, Yazawa K, Kamei K, Miyaji M, Nishimura K : Rapid identification of Ochroconis gallopava by a loop - mediated isothermal amplification LAMP method. Vet Microbiol : -,. Umeyama T, Sano A, Kamei K, Niimi M, Nishimura K, Uehara Y : Novel approach to designing primers for identification and distinction of the human pathogenic fungi Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii by PCR amplification. J Clin Microbiol : -,. Sano A, Miyaji M, Kamei K, Mikami Y, Nishimura K : Reexamination of Coccidioides spp. reserved in the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, based on a multiple gene analysis. Jpn J Med Mycol : -,. Nadja Rodrigues de Melo, Maria Marlucce Santos Vilela, Jacks Jorge Junior, Kamei K, Miyaji M, Fukushima K, Nishimura K, Groeneveld P, Kelly SL, Taguchi: HIV- anti-retroviral drug effect on the C. albicans hyphal growth rate by a bio-cell tracer system. Braz J Microbiol : -,. Yaguchi T, Sano A, Yarita K, Suh MK, Nishimura K, Udagaw S. A new species of Cephalotheca isolated from a Korean patient. Mycotaxon : -,. Suzuki T, Yoshikawa Y, Ashida H, Iwai H, Toyotome T, Matsui H, Sasakawa C : High vaccine efficacy against shigellosis of recombinant noninvasive Shigella mutant that expresses Yersinia invasin. J Immunol : -,. Ogawa T, Furochi H, Maeoka M, Hirasaka K, Onishi Y, Suzue N, Oarada M, Akamatsu M, Akima H, Fukunaga T, Kishi k, Yasui N, Ishidoh K, Fukuoka H, Nikawa T: Ubiquitin ligase gene expression in healthy volunteers with -day bedrest. Muscle Nerve : -,. de Melo NR, Taguchi H, Culhari VVP, Sano A, Fukushima K, Miyaji M, Manning N, Kelly SL, Vilela MMS: Candida dubliniensis in a Brazilian family with an HIV -infected child: Identification, antifungal suscept ibility, drug accumulation and sterol composition. Bras J Microbiol : -,.

10 和 文,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :. : -,. 3. 総 説 解 説 その 他 :. : -,., :. : -,.,,, :. : -,., :,. SFI Forum :,,. : Stachybotrys chartarum., pp. -,. :., pp. -,.,,,,, :., pp. -,. : Pseudallescheria boydii., pp. -,. : : H - - -,, pp. -,. : Coccidioides spp.. :, pp. -,. :. JSAVA : -,. 4. 学 会 シンポジウム 研 究 集 会 での 招 待 講 演 国 際 学 会 Mikami Y, Fukushima K, Kamei K : Pathogenic Microorganisms. th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses RC - PFMT, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, December,. Sano A : Emerging fungal infections in Animals in Japan Symposium. th International Mycological Congress. Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia. Abstract : pp., Cairns, Australia, August -,. Sano A, Yarita K, Murata Y, Takayama A, Yaguchi T, Takahashi Y, Kamei K, Nishimura K: Isolation of Ochroconis gallopava from hot springs in Japan and its pathogenicity selected oral session. th International Mycological. Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia. Abstract : pp., Cairns, Australia, August -,.

11 国 内 学 会,,,,,, : FIV: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.,, :, -,.,,,,,, : AIDS Penicillium marneffei.,, :, -,.,,,,,, : Trichothecene Stachybotrys chartarum.,, :, -,.,,,,, : Coccidioides immitis Coccidioides posadasii :.,, :, -,. : virulence factors. in, p.,, -,. 5. 一 般 発 表 国 際 学 会 Watanabe A, Hashimoto Y, Sekine T, Kamei K : Cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid BALFfrom experimental pulmonary aspergillosis. nd Advances Against Aspergillosis Conference, Athens, Greece, February -,. Ochiai E, Kamei K, Watanabe A, Sato A, Hiroshima K, Shibuya K : Inhalation of Stachybotrys chartarum causes pulmonary hypertension in micerelation to human PPH, The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,. Nishimura K, Kamei K, Sano A, Miyaji M : Mating behavior of Schizophyllum commune isolated f rom patients with bronchopulmonary mycosis in Japan with epidemiological data. Le Palais des Congres de Paris, Paris, France, Abstract : P -, Paris, France, June -,. Sano A, Yarita K, Murata Y, Takayama A, Yaguchi T, Takahashi Y, Kamei K, Nishimura K : Ochroconis gallopava isolates from hot springs in Japan. The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,. Murata Y, Sano A, Yarita K, Takayama A, Takahashi Y, Kamei K, Nishimura K : Arthrographis kalrae isolated from the oral cavity of a canine in Japan. The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,. Itano E, Tristao F, Bejar V, Ono E, Camargo Z, Sano A : partial characterization of immunogenic components of Histoplasma capsulatum and circulating specific IgG and soluble antigens in experimental murine histoplasmosis. Le Palais des Congres de Paris, Paris, France, Abstract : P -, Paris, France, June -,. 国 内 学 会,,,, : Stachybotrys chartarum. p.,,,.,,,,, : BioCell Tracer PAFE micafungin itraconazole Aspergillus fumigatus., p.,,,.,,, : Aspergillus fumigatus., p.,,,.,,,,,, : AIDS voriconazole

12 ., p.,,,.,,,,,,,, :., p.,,,.,,,,,,, : Ochrocohis gallopava., :,,,.,,,,,,, : Arthroderma benhamiae Americano - European race., :,, -,.,,,,,,, : Ochrocohis gallopava., :,, -,.,,, Poonwan Natteewan,,, :., :,, -,.,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans., :,, -,.,,,,,,, :., :,, -,.,,,,, : Scedosporium prolificans., :,, -,.,,,,,,,,, : Wegener., p.,, -,.,,,,,,,, :..,..,,,,,,, : Ochroconis gallopava.,, -,.,, Paride Abliz, Cristina S Motta, Xi Liyan,, Valerio Vidotto,,, : Trichophyton tonsurans rdna IGS variable internal repeat region.,, -,., Itano Eiko Nakagawa,, Ono Mario Augusto,,,,,, : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis IFM. p.,, -,., Itano Eiko Nakagawa,, Ono Mario Augusto,,,,,, : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis IFM., :,, -,.,,,,

13 , : Coccidioides II TOPTRF., :,, -,.,,,, Itano Eiko Nakagawa,,,,,, : non - albicans Candida spp.., :,, -,.,,, : Trichophyton tonsurans., :,, -,.,,, : Chaetomium globosum., :,, -,.,,,,, : Arthrographis kalrae.,, :, -,.,,,,,, : Aspergillus fumigatus.,, :, -,.,,,, :.,, :, -,., :., :,, -,.,, :., :,, -,.,,, : non - albicans Candida., :,, -,.,,,, : Scedosporium aurantiacum, :,, -,.,, : Cryptococcus neoformans., p.,, -,.,,, :. p.,, -,.,,, : Aspergillus fumigatus voriconazole BioCell Tracer. p.,, -,., :. p., JA,,,.,,,, : Histoplasma. in, p.,, -,., Itano Eiko Nakagawa,, Ono Mario Augusto,,,,,, : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp.

14 in, p.,, -,.,,,,,,,,,,,, : Voriconazole. p.,,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究 :, Eiko Nakagawa Itano 2. 共 同 利 用 研 究 以 外 の 国 内 共 同 研 究 :,,,. :, NOSAI,. 国 際 交 流 1. 海 外 渡 航 :,, nd Advances Against Aspergillosis nd AAA,, -,. :,, nd Advances Against Aspergillosis nd AAA,, -,. :,, nd Advances Against Aspergillosis nd AAA,, -,. :,,,. -,. :,, The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,.,,, -,. :,, The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,.,,, -,. :,, The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,.,,, -,. : th International Mycological Congress - August, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia. Abstract : pp., Cairns, Australia, August -,.,,,, -,. 学 会 等 活 動,, :, The New Microbiologic Monsters : Opportunistic Fungi,,,,. :,,,,. :,,,,. : th International Mycological Congress - August, Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia. Abstract : pp., Cairns, Australia, August -,.. : V.,,, -,. :,,,, -,. :,

15 in,,, -,. :,,,,. K a m e i K : C h a i r p e r s on, N B RP - p a t h o genic microorganisms, th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses RC - PFMT, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, December,. 教 育 活 動 学 位 指 導 : :, Gene expression profiling of polymorphonuclear leukocytes treated with the culture filtrate of Aspergillus fumigatus and gliotoxin : 講 義 :,,,,,, :,,, : 社 会 的 活 動 テレビ ラジオ, : TBS,,,. :.,,,. : NHK FM,,. : NHK FM,,. :.,,. 新 聞 など, :.!?,,. :,.,,. :.,,. :.,,,,. :,,,. :,,,,.,,,, :, Vol., No., p.,,. センター 講 習 会 :,. :

16 ,,,. 講 演 など :. TV,,,. :.,,,. :.,,,. :.,,,. :.,,,. :.,,,. :.,,,. : Laboratory.,,,. : Laboratory.,,,. :.. :,,,. 外 部 資 金 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 : C :. その 他 の 外 部 資 金 :,,. :,,. :,., : :,., :,,. : Crysosporium keratinophilum,. :, Histoplasma,. センター 長 裁 量 経 費 :, Penicillium marneffei Histoplasma capsulatum,.

17 Department of Pathogenic Fungi, Division of Phylogenetics 教 授 : 西 村 和 子 センター 内 委 員,,,,, 学 協 会 への 貢 献, 国 および 地 方 公 共 団 体 への 貢 献,,,,, 所 属 学 会,,,,,, Mycological Society of America, American Society for Microbiology 受 賞 : :,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati.. その 他 助 教 授 : 矢 口 貴 志 学 内 委 員, TLO センター 内 委 員,,,,,,,,, WG, WG,, WG, 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会,,,,, Mycological Society of America 受 賞. :,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati... :,,, : Neosartorya Aspergillus section Fumigati.. 講 師 : 五 ノ 井 透 センター 内 委 員,,,,,,,,, WG, 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会,,, 助 手 : 田 中 玲 子 学 内 委 員 センター 内 委 員,,,,,, WG 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会,,,,,, American Society for Microbiology 受 賞 : :,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati.. : :

18 ,,, : Neosartorya Aspergillus section Fumigati.. 技 術 職 員 ( 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 ): 松 澤 哲 宏 非 常 勤 講 師 : 堀 江 義 一 非 常 勤 講 師 : 安 西 弘 行 実 験 補 助 員 : 土 屋 由 紀 子. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 大 堀 陽 研 究 概 要. Aspergillus Aspergillus fumigatus, ITS, - tubulin, hydrophobin, calmodulin. Fumigati, A. fumigatus, A. lentulus, A. viridinutans, Neosartorya udagawae. A. fumigatus,,,. Emericella, - tubulin, hydrophobin, ITS,,.... Fonsecaea pedrosoi ITS, de Hoog et al., F. pedrosoi F. monophora., F. pedrosoi, F. monophora. F. monophora.. Pseudallescheria boydii P. boydii. ITS, - tubulin, P. boydii.,, PCR,. PCR,,,,. g..,.,,,. Eurotium Scopulariopsis.,..,,.,,.,,.,,,,.. Candida albicans ABC genotyping, ALTS typing,.,, AIDS.,,

19 ., C. albicans,,.. GP, GP Trichosporon. GP, PCR TGGE,,. Trichosporon,, GP..,., Ca + CCH,.,.. Candida albicans argonaute SAT - flipper cassette Candida albicans argonaute.. DNA DNA,,, cdna,,,.. Nocardia siderophore, siderophore,. Nocardia siderophore., siderophore,.. Aspergillus Aspergillus,.,,,., PCR, Aspergillus.. Ca + Ca +, 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 著 書 :., pp : Ascomycetes. pp 原 著 英 文 Suh MK, Lim JW, Lee YH, Ha GY, Kim JR, Yaguchi T, Nishimura K : Subcutaneous hyalohyphomycosis due to Cephalotheca foveolata in an immunocompetent host. Br J Dermatol : -,. Wakamoto D, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Okada K, Takaki GC, Yaguchi T, Takizawa K, Fukushima K, Kawai K : Isolation of Isoterrein from Neosartorya fisheri. Mycotoxin : -,. Hosoe T, Wakamoto D, Itabashi T, Nozawa, Okada K, Takaki GC, Takizawa K, Yaguchi T, Takizawa K,

20 Fukushima K, Kawai K : Antifungal substances isolation from Aspergillus fumigatus IFM, obtained from Brazilian soil. Mycotoxin : -,. Ishii K, Hitosugi M, Kido M, Yaguchi T, Nishinura K, Hosoya T, Tokudome S : Analysis of fungi detected in human cadavers. Legal Medicine : -,. Yaguchi T, Sano A, Yarita K, Suh MK, Nishimura K, Udagawa S : A new species of Cephalotheca isolated from a Korean patient. Mycotaxon : -,. Hitosugi M, Ishii K, Yaguchi T, Chigusa Y, Kurosu A, Kido M, Nagai T, Tokudome S : Fungi can be a useful forensic tool. Legal Medicine : -,. Nakadate S, Nozawa K, Horie H, Fujii Y, Nagai M, Komai S, Hosoe T, Kawai K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K : New dioxomorpholine deriveatives, javanicunine A and B, from Eupenicillium javanicum. Heterocycles : -,. Hanafy A, Ito J, Iida S, Kang Y, Kogure T, Yazawa K, Yaguchi T, Mikami Y : Majority of Actinomadura clinical isolates from sputa or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Japan belongs to the cluster of Actiomadura cremea and Actiomadura nitrigenes, and the description of Actionamadura chibaensis sp. nov. Mycopathologia : -,. Wakana D, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Okada K, Takaki GC, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K : New citrinin derivatives isolated from Penicillium citrinum. J Nat Med : -,. Komai S, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K: New penicillide derivatives isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum. J Nat Med : -,. 3. 学 会 シンポジウム 研 究 集 会 での 招 待 講 演 国 際 学 会 Yaguchi T : Polyphasic classification on Aspergillus section Fumigati. th International Symposium of RC - PFMT Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, December,. 4. 一 般 発 表 国 際 学 会 Sato T, Nagao K, Yoshizawa N, Hata Y, Sugiura M, Amagai M, Yaguchi T : A case of cutaneous Pseudallescheria boydii infection. The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June -,. Yaguchi T, Horie Y, Tanaka R, Matsuzawa T, Ito J, Nishimura K : Classification of pathogenic Aspergillus section Fumigati. th International Mycological Congress, Cairns, Australia, August -,. Sano A, Yarita K, Murata Y, Takayama A, Yaguchi T, Takahashi Y, Kamei K, Nishimura K : Isolation of Ochroconis gallopava from hot spring in Japan and its pathogenicity. th International Mycological Congress, Cairns, Australia, August -,. 国 内 学 会,,,, : fumitremorgen A fumitremorgen A., p.,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., pp. -,,,.,,,,,,,,, : Eupenicillium javanicum.,,,.,,, : Emericella., p.,,,.,,,, : Neosarorya., p.,,,.,,, : Fonsecaea.

21 , p.,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., p.,,,.,,,,,,, : Ochroconis gallopava., p.,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., :,,,.,,, : Neosarorya Aspergillus section Fumigati., :,,,.,,, : Emericella., :,,,.,,,,, : Candida albicans., :,,,.,,,, Itano Eiko,,,,, : non - albicans Candida spp., :,,,.,,,,, : Nocardia Siderophore., :,,,.,,, : GP Trichosporon., :,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati.,,,.,,,,,, : Nocardia., p.,,,.,,,,, : DNA.,,,.,,,,, : DNA.,,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究 :,,,. 2. 共 同 利 用 研 究 以 外 の 国 内 共 同 研 究 :,,. :,,,,. : GP,,.

22 国 際 交 流 1. 海 外 渡 航,, :,, th International Mycological Congress,,,,,. :,,,,,,. :,, Chang Yu Shyun,,,. 2. 海 外 研 究 者 の 受 け 入 れ,, Abliz Paride,,,,. 学 会 等 活 動,, :,,. :,,. 教 育 活 動 講 義 :,,. 最 終 講 義 :,,,. インターンシップ 生 ( 実 習 生 )の 受 け 入 れ : 社 会 的 活 動 テレビ ラジオ, :,, TBS,,. :, J,,,. :,,,,. 新 聞 など :,,,. :, be on Sunday,,. センター 講 習 会, :.. : rd Workshop on pathogenic fungi and actinomycetes in RCPF in, August -,. 講 演 など :.!?,,,. 特 許,,,,, :, : - :,,..,,,,, :, : - :,,.

23 外 部 資 金 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 : B,., : C,. : C :, :. その 他 の 外 部 資 金 : :,., : :,. センター 長 裁 量 経 費,,, :,,.,,,, :,.

24 Department of Pathogenic Fungi, Division of Fungal Resources and Development 教 授 : 福 島 和 貴 学 内 委 員,,,,,,,,,,, センター 内 委 員,,,,,,, 学 協 会 への 貢 献,,,, 所 属 学 会,,,,,, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology 助 教 授 : 横 山 耕 治 学 内 委 員,, 学 外 委 員 センター 内 委 員,,,.,,,,,,, WG, WG 所 属 学 会,,,,,, International Society for Human and Animal Mycology 非 常 勤 講 師 : 高 鳥 浩 介 技 術 補 佐 員 : 神 定 明 日 香. 各 務 清 美. 外 国 人 研 究 員 : 賀 丹. 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 博 士 前 期 課 程 : 橋 爪 藤 子. 研 究 概 要. Phialophora,,., P. verrucosa,., P. verrucosa P. americana rdna, SSU, LSU group I intron., SSU LSU group I intro, rdna group I intron.. group I intron, SSU S, S, S, S, LSU L, L L,. P. verrucosa, P. americasa,, LF. SSU, LSU,..,,

25 ,,.. P. verrucosa P. americasa,, S, L group I intron IE,., P. verrucosa, rdna,,..,, rdna. P. verrucosa P. americana,,,,.. P. verrucosa P. americana group I intron. rdna Intergenic Spacer IGS, Variable Internal Repeat VIR,.. VIR P. verrucosa P. americana,. P. verrucosa P. americana,,..,,. dihydroheveadride,,., Complex IV,. Eupenicillium shearii IFM,,, eushearide, NMR, MS. Eushearide Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Arthroderma benhamiae,.,. Penicillium citrinum IFM citrinin, penicitrinol A, penicitrinone A, B decarboxydihydrocitrinin,,. A. fumigatus IFM, - dihydroxy - - methylacetophenone, C. albicans, A. fumigatus,,. Neosartorya fischeri isoterrein,. Coccidioides immitis Malbranchea. M. filamentosa IFM anthrasteroida glycoside,., M. multicolor IFM, alkyl resorsinol,. Eupenicillium javanicum IFM,,,,,,,, Campos - Takaki GM, Okada K, Vidotto V,.. AIDS Cryptococcus neoformans,,,, AIDS Cryptococcus neoformans,, API- ZYM kit., esterase C,

26 esterase lipase C, leucine amylase, acid phosphatase %. - glucosidase, - glucosidase,,, serotype, Valerio Vidotto. fluconazole, ergosterol,,. Cryptococcus neoformans,, RAPD, urease..,,, Pleurostomophora richardsiae Phialophora richardsiae,.. Schizophyllum commune,,, Schizophyllum commune,.. a nm,.,,, amphotericin B.,,,,. b Epigallocatechin - O- gallate EGCg EGCg, Candida albicans Candida, amphotericin B, micafungin MIC., EGCg,, Park B, Park J,,, Hyon S,.., HIV Candida dubliniensis,., :,,.,,,,,,.,.,,, Paride Abliz,,,,,..,,.,,,,.. b b,,,,.,,.,

27 ,, Biswas KS.. b b,, Aspergillus, Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Exophiala, Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, Cry. gattii, Trichosporon,.,,., Aureobasidium, Geotrichum, Graphium, Beauveria. PCR.,,.., PCR. DNA.,, Biswas KS,,., Candida albicans,. DNA,,..,.,,., L -.,, L -,., L -, L -.,,., 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 著 書 Fukushima K: Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of spores germination of mucor javanicus Wehmer. In Modern Multidisciplinary Applied Microbiology, Wiley-VCH, pp.-,. :. p. -. Q & A. :,.. 2. 原 著 英 文 Melo NR, Taguchi H, Culhari VVP, Sano A, Fukushima K, Miyaji M, Manning N, Kelly SL Vilela MMS: Candida dubliniensis in a Brazilian family with an HIV -infected child:identification, antifungal susceptibility, drug accumulation and sterol composition. Brazil J Microbiol : -,. Komai S, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K: New penicillide derivatives isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum. J Nat Med : -,. Melo NR, Vilela MMS, Junior JJ. Kamei K, Miyaji M, Fukushima K, Nishimura K, Groeneveld P, Kelly SL, Taguchi H: HIV- anti-retroviral drug effect on the C. albicans hyphal growth rates by a Bio-cell tracer system. Brazil J Microbiol : -,. Vidotto V, Ito-kuwa S, Nakamura K, Aoki S, Melhem M, Fukushima K, Bollo E: Extracellular enzymatic activities in Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients in different countries. Rev Iberoam Micol : -,. Park B, Park J, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon S, Takatori K: Antifungal susceptibility of epigallocatechin- -Ogallate EGCgon clinical isolates of pathogenic yeasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun : -,

28 . Hosoe T, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Itabashi T, Kawahara N, Vidotto V, Kawai K: A new antifungal macrolide, eushearilide, isolated from Eupenicillium shearii. J Antibiot : -,. Nakadate S, Nozawa K, Horie H, Fujii Y, Nagai M, Komai S, Hosoe T, Kawai K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K: New dioxomorpholine derivatives, javanicunine A and B, from Eupenicillium javanicum. Heterocycles : -,. Wakana D, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Okada K, Campos- Takaki GM, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K : New citrinin derivatives isolated from Penicillium citrinum. J Nat Med : -,. Hosoe T, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Itabashi T, Yoza K, Kawai K: A new pyrrolidone-, -dione derivative, vermelhotin, isolated from unidentified fungus IFM. Heterocycles : -,. Xi. L, Lu C, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Nishimura K, Xie S: Evaluation on biological aspects of twenty clilnical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. Chin J Zoonoses : -,. Zeng J, Fukushima K, Zheng Y, Takizawa K, Nishimura K: Characterization of Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium apiospermum by random amplification of polymorphic DNA assay. Chin J Dermatol : -,. Wakana D, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Okada K, Campos-Takaki GM, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K: Isolation of isoterrein from Neosartorya fischeri. Mycotoxin : -,. Hosoe T, Wakana D, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Campos- Takaki GM, Takizawa K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K: Antifungal substances isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus IFM, obtained from a Brazilian soil. Mycotoxin : -,. Yang Y, He D, Xu J, Zhahg Y, Zhang B, Yokoyama K, Wang L: Determiation and clinical research of respiratory fungal infection in senile patients. Chin J Gerontol : -.. Yang Y, He D, Wang S, Guo L, Zhang Y, Yokoyama K, Wang L: Optimization of SSR-PCR reaction system in fungus by orthogonal design. J Jilin UnivMedical Edition: No Nov,. 3. 総 説 解 説 その 他 :. Mycotoxins : -.. :.. No..,, : BP, -, pp.-,. 4. 学 会 シンポジウム 研 究 集 会 での 招 待 講 演 国 際 学 会 特 別 講 演 Fukushima K : Contribution of molecular biology to environmental microbiology. I Workshop Meio ambiente, ciencias e tecnologia : de Mao dadas para o futuro. Recife, Brazil, August -,. Yokoyama K : Phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic fungi based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Abstracts, p. -, Chiba, December,. 5. 一 般 発 表 国 際 学 会 Park BJ, Jong-Chul Park, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon S and Takatori K: Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -O-gallate EGCgon Candida species for biomedical materials and devices. th Asian symposium on Biomedical Materials, Jeju Island, Korea, August -,. Moretti A, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Suzuki M, Vidotto V, Cannizo F, Boncio L: First report of Debaryomyces nepalensis isolated in dog. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Abliz P, Souza Motta C, Xi L, Vidotto V: Epidemiological study of Trichophyton tonsurans, a causative agent of tinea captis, based on

29 the variable internal repeat region within the intergenic spacer of rdna locus. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Chikamori M, and Fukushima K: Molecular cloning and structural and functional characterization of new hexose transporter from Cryptococcus neoformans. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Hashizume T: Characteristic variable internal repeat region in the rdna IGS of dematiaceous fungi, Phialophora verrucosa and Phialophora americana. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Zeng J, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Zheng Y, Nishimura K, De Hoog G: Molecular identification and subspecific typing of Pseudoalleschria boydii. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. 国 内 学 会 シンポジウム :.,, :...,. 一 般 講 演,,,,, : Malbranchea filamentosa., p.,,,.,, Vidotto Valerio,,,, : Eupenicillium shearii eushearilide., p.,,,.,,,,, : IFM., p.,,,.,,,,,,,,, : Eupenicillium javanicum., p.,,,.,, : Phialophora verrucosa Phialophora americana rdna IGS., p.,,,.,, : Phialophora verrucosa rdna group I intron. p.,,,.,, Abliz Paride, Motta Cristina S, Xi Liyan,, Vidotto Valerio,,, : Trichophyton tonsurans rdna IGS variable internal repeat region. p.,,,., : Phialopohora verrucosa Phialophora americana rdna., :,,,., : Phialophora verrucosa Phialophora americana rdna IGS., :,,,.,,,,, : eushearilide., :,,,. Park B, Park J, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon S, Takatori K : Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -

30 O - gallate EGCgagainst Candida albicans and non - albicans Candida spp., :,,,.,, Biswas SK : b, :,,,. Wang L, Yang Y, He D, Guo L, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Yokoyama K : SSR-PCR., :,,,., :,,,,.,,,,, : BioCell Tracer PAFE Miconazole Itraconazole Aspergillus fumigatus., p.,,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究 : AIDS, Valerio Vidotto,. :,,. :,, Galba Maria de Campos - Takaki,. :, Cristina Souza Motta. : Comparative genomics in search of origins of human pathogenicity in the fungal tree of life focusing on species with high morbidity and mortality in Chinese patients, G. S. de Hoog, CBS. :,, Kaoru Okada,. :, Paride Abliz,. : Cryptococcus neoformans, Maria Francisca Colom Valiente Miguel Hernandez. : Pseudallescheria boydii complex,. : b.. : b. Biswas SK. :. :. :,. :,. :,, Paride Abliz. 2 共 同 利 用 研 究 以 外 の 国 内 共 同 研 究 : : : 国 際 交 流 1. 海 外 渡 航 :,,,,.

31 :,,,,. :, Meio Ambiente, Ciencias e Tecnologia,,. :,,. :,,,. :,,,,. 2. 海 外 研 究 者 の 受 け 入 れ Yvone Graeser,,,.,. Randorph S Currah,,,.,. Josep Guarro,,,.,.,,,.,. Robert A Samson, CBS,,.,. Galba Maria de Campos - Takaki,,,.,.,,,.,,. 学 会 等 活 動,, :. :. :. :. :. :,,. :. :. 教 育 活 動 学 位 指 導 :. 講 義 :,,,. :,. インターンシップ 生 ( 実 習 生 )の 受 け 入 れ

32 ,. 外 部 資 金 その 他 の 外 部 資 金 :. :., :,,., : :,. :,. : :,. : :. :. :. :. センター 長 裁 量 経 費 PCR.,.,,.

33 Department of Pathogenic Fungi, Division of Ecology 外 国 人 客 員 教 授 : Dr. Vladislav Raclavský Palacký University, Czech Republic 助 手 : 田 口 英 昭 学 内 委 員, ISO, センター 内 委 員,,,,, WG, WG 学 協 会 への 貢 献 国 および 地 方 公 共 団 体 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会,,, 技 術 専 門 官 : 滝 澤 香 代 子 非 常 勤 講 師 : 久 米 光 研 究 概 要. Molecular-genetic approaches to pathogenic fungi detection, identification and typing for ecological and epidemiological studies Vladislav Raclavský, MD, PhD belongs to the mycology research group at the Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic. His research activities have been recently focused on two principal issues hypoxia response in the pathogenic yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, which is rather a topic of basic research, and study of epidemiology of fungal infections including development of molecular genetic approaches to the detection, identification and typing of pathogenic fungi, in particular yeasts. In the former field he has been involved thanks to the kind invitation of Prof. Kanji Takeo to his laboratory in the year, and he closely cooperates with the same laboratory now led by Prof. Susumu Kawamoto. In the latter field he has recently proposed a new approach to rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic yeasts termed McRAPD.. Aspergillus fumigatus voriconazole VRCZ, Aspergillus fumigatus, VRCZ. PDA slant,,.,,. MIC DP,. MIC..g/ml, VRCZ.,.,..g/ml., VRCZ micafungin MCFG. VRCZ. g/ ml MCFG.g/ml mg Cmax PAFE., VRCZ., VRCZ MCFG,,,,.

34 . Green tea polyphenols epigallocatechin - O - gallate EGCg Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. guilliemondii, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, AMPH, FLCZ, FC, ITCZ, MCFG, MCZ., C. glabratamic, g/ml, AMPH MIC,..g/ ml, ITCZMIC,. g/ml., C. guilliemondiimic, g/ml, C. krusei MIC, g/ml, C. parapsilosismic, g/ml, C. tropicalismic, g/ml C. glabrata EGCg., Aspergillus fumigatus. EGCg,,,,..,,,,, -a,,. 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 原 著 英 文 Raclavský V, Trtková J, Rusková L, Buchta V, Bolehovská R, Vacková M, Hamal P: Primer R performs best in the RAPD strain typing of three Aspergillus species frequently isolated from patients. Folia Microbiol. : -,. Melo NR, Vilela MMS. Jorge J, Kamei K, Miyaji M, Fukushima K, Nishimura K, Groeneveveld P, Kelly SL, Taguchi H : HIV - anti - retroviral drug effect on the C. albicans hyphal growth rate by a BioCell Tracer system. Brazil J Microbiol : -,. Melo NR, Taguchi H, Culhari VVP, Sano A, Fukushima K, Miyaji M, Manning N, Kelly SL, Vilela MMS : Candida dubliniensis in a Brazilian family with an HIV- infected child : Identification, antifungal susceptibility, drug accumulation and sterol composition. Brazil J Microbiol : -,. Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K : Antifungal susceptibility of epigarocatichin -O-galleteEGCgon clinical isolates of pathogenenic yeasts. Biochem Biophy Res Com : -,. Hosoe T, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Itabashi T, Kawahara N, Vidotto V, Kawai K : A new antifungal macrolide, eushearilide, isolated from Eupenicillium, shearii. J Antibiot :,. Hosoe T, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Itabashi T, Yoza K, Kawai K : A new pyrrolidone -,- dione derivative, vermelhotin, isolated from unidentified fungus IFM. Heterocycles : -,. Xi. L, Lu C, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Nishimura K, Xie S : Evaluation on biological aspects of twenty clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. Chin J Zoonoses : -,. Zeng J, Fukushima K, Zheng Y, Takizawa K, Nishimura K : Characterization of Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium apiospermum by random amplification of polymorphic DNA assay. Chin J Dermatol : -,. Hosoe T, Wakana D, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Campos- Takaki GM, Takizawa K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K : Antifungal substances isolated from Aspergillus fumigatus IFM, obtained from a Brazilian soil. Mycotoxin : -,. 2. 総 説 解 説 その 他 Trtková J, Raclavský V: Molecular - genetic approaches to identification and typing of pathogenic Candida yeasts. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacký Olomouc Czech Repub :,. 3. 学 会 シンポジウム 研 究 集 会 での 招 待 講 演 国 際 学 会 Vladislav Raclavský, Jitka Trtková : McRAPD as a new tool to pathogenic yeast identification and typing. The th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses RC -

35 PFMT, Chiba Univ. December,. 4. 一 般 発 表 国 際 学 会 Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K: Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -O-gallateEGCgon Candida species for biomedical materials and devices. th Asian symposium on Biomedical Materials, Jeju Island, Korea, August -,. Moretti A, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Suzuki M, Vidotto V, Cannizo F, Boncio L: First report of Debaryomyces nepalensis isolated in dog. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Abliz P, Souza Motta C, Xi L, Vidotto V: Epidemiological study of Trichophyton tonsurans, a causative agent of tinea captis, based on the variable internal repeat region within the intergenic spacer of rdna locus. th Congress of the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Fu k u s h i m a K, Ta k i z a w a K, H a s h i z u m e T: Characteristic variable internal repeat region in the rdna IGS of dematiaceous fungi, Phialophora verrucosa and Phialophora americana th Congress of the International Society fro Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. Zeng J, Fukushima K, Takizawa K, Zheng Y, Nishimura K, De Hoog G: Molecular identification and subspecific typing of Pseudoalleschria boydii. th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Abstract p-, Paris, France, June -,. 国 内 学 会,,,,, : BioCell Tracer PAFE Miconazole Itraconazole Aspergillus fumigatus..,,. Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K: Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -O-gallateEGCgagainst Candida albicans and nonalbicans Candida spp.. :,,,,,, :.. :,,.,,, : Aspergillus fumigatus voriconazole BioCell Tracer..,,.,,, :..,,.,, Vidotto Valerio,,,, : Eupenicillium shearii eushearilide.. p.,,,.,,,,, : IFM.. p.,,,., : Phialopohora verrucosa Phialophora americana rdna.. :,,,.,, : Phialophora verrucosa rdna group I intron.. p.,,,.,, Abliz Paride, Motta Cristina S, Xi Liyan,, Vidotto Valerio,,, : Trichophyton tonsurans rdna IGS variable internal repeat region.. p.,,,., : Phialophora verrucosa Phialophora americana rdna IGS

36 .. :,,,.,,,,, : eushearilide., :,,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究 :, Park JC,,. 学 会 等 活 動,, :.,,. :,,. : The th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba Univ..,,. 教 育 活 動 講 義 : B. インターンシップ 生 ( 実 習 生 )の 受 け 入 れ,. その 他 :.: 外 部 資 金 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 :,. その 他 の 外 部 資 金 :,,. : :,. センター 長 裁 量 経 費, :,,.

37 Department of Molecular Function, Division of Ultrastructure and Function 教 授 : 川 本 進 学 内 委 員,,,,,, DNA, DNA,,, センター 内 委 員,,,,,,,,,, 学 協 会 への 貢 献,,, 所 属 学 会,,,,,,,, American Society of Microbiology, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Society for Neuroscience, New York Academy of Sciences その 他, NPO 助 教 授 : 山 口 正 視 学 内 委 員,,, APEC. センター 内 委 員,,,, WG,,,, WG, WG,,.,. 学 協 会 への 貢 献.,.,.,, Member of the American Biographical Institutes distinguished Research Board of Advisors, USA 所 属 学 会,,, その 他 NPO,. 助 手 : 伊 藤 恵 美 子 センター 内 委 員 WG,,, 学 協 会 への 貢 献 Association of Official Analytical Chemists AOAC 所 属 学 会 International Society on Toxicology 助 手 : 清 水 公 徳 センター 内 委 員,,,, WG, WG 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会,,,,, Fungal Genetics Conference 受 賞 :

38 Cryptococcus neoformans.. :.. その 他 技 官 : 大 楠 美 佐 子 非 常 勤 講 師 : 明 石 敏 非 常 勤 講 師 : 園 田 智 子 研 究 機 関 研 究 員 : Virtudazo, Eric V.. 特 任 教 員 : Virtudazo, Eric V.. 技 術 補 佐 員 : 大 畑 ( 結 城 ) 美 穂 子 実 験 補 助 員 : 和 田 奈 緒 子 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 李 皓 曼. 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 修 士 課 程 : 高 木 大 輔 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 修 士 課 程 : 清 水 仁 聡 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 石 井 知 里 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 山 口 哲 朗 東 邦 大 学 理 学 部 : 清 水 誠. 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 研 究 生 : 李 皓 曼. 大 使 館 推 薦 国 費 外 国 人 留 学 生 ( 研 究 留 学 生 ): Ochoa de Eribe Casas, Jon Andre. 研 究 概 要. Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans,,,,,. C. neoformans,,,,.,,,, LC-MS/MS,,.,,, DIGE,,,.. Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans,,, Cdk - Cdc,.., Cdk -,,,.. Cryptococcus neoformans,, Candida albicans,, C. neoformans,., C. neoformans,,,., C. neoformans. C. neoformans,,,, E - test.,,,.. Cryptococcus neoformans,., G,,,.,..,, structome,

39 . Structome, structure - ome, genome, proteome., Exophiala structome,.. Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, Matthias Sipiczki,,,.., Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus C. neoformans C. neoformans,.. Thermoascus aurantiacus CAT Thermoascus aurantiacus,,.,,,,.,, A. niger.. -., -,...,.,,. -,,... - /,.,. -..,.,,,,,.,.,.,, ip, iv.,.,,.,.,.,,,,.. D, /.,,,,,,.,.,,.

40 . Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans HHK. CnNIK, HOG - MAPK,. HHK CnHHK, CnHHK, CnHHK, CnHHK, CnHHK, CnHHK, CnHHK.,.. Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans,,,. 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 著 書. : Q & A,, pp. -., :. p.;, :. p.;, :. p.;, :. p.;,, :. p.;,, :. p..,...,. Ito E, Satake M, Ofuji K, McMahon T, Yasumoto T: Pathological study of azaspiracid poisoning in mice. In "Molluscan shellfish safety". pp. -,. Eds. Henshilwood K, Deegan B, McMahon T, Cusack C, Keaveney S, Silke J, O'Cinneide M, Lyons D, Hess P. Ireland. Ito E, Frederick MO, Koftis TV, Tang W, Petrovic G, Ling T, Nicolaou KC: Structure toxicity relationships of synthetic azaspiracid- and analogs in mice. In "Isolation and purification of azaspiracid from naturally contaminated materials, and evaluation of their toxicologcal effects". pp.-,. Marine Institute, Ireland. 2. 原 著 論 文 英 文 Sonoda T, Mochizuki M, Yamashita T, Watanabe- Kaneko K, Miyagi Y, Shigeri Y, Yazama F, Okuda K, Kawamoto S: Binding of glutamate receptor to its scaffold protein is regulated by PKA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun : -,. Ohori A, Endo S, SanoA, Yokoyama K, Yarita K, Yamaguchi M, Kamei K, Miyaji M, Nishimura K: Rapid identification of Ochroconis gallopava by a loopmediated isothermal amplification LAMPmethod. Vet Microbiol : -,. Tochigi N, Kishimoto T, Suyama T, Nagai Y, Nikaido T, Akikusa B, Virtudazo E, Yamaguchi M, Ishikura H: Regulatory role of hepatocyte nuclear factor- on gastric choriocarcinoma function. Exp Mol Pathol : -,. Gabriel M, Kopecka M, Yamaguchi M, Svoboda A, Takeo K, Yoshida S, Ohkusu M, Sugita T, Nakase T: The cytoskeleton in the unique cell reproduction by conidiogenesis of the long-neck yeast Fellomyces Sterigmatomycesfuzhouensis. Protoplasma : -,. Ito E, Frederick MO, Koftis TV, Tang W, Petrovic G, Ling T, Nicolaou KC: Structure toxicity relationships of synthetic azaspiracid- and analogs in mice. Harmful Algae : -,. Keszthelyi A, Ohkusu M, Takeo K, Pfeiffer I, Litter J, Kucsera J: Characterisation of the anticryptococcal effect of the FC- toxin produced by Filobasidium capsuligenum. Mycoses : -,. 3. 総 説, 解 説, その 他. Cryptococcus neoformans : -,.

41 :, : -,., Eric Virtudazo,,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans. : -,. Sugawara K, Danev R, Yamaguchi M, Nishiyama K, Nagayama K : Technical note : Phase contrast transmission electron micrograph of rapidly frozen ice - embedded influenza A virus. Cytologia : top page,. Yamaguchi M : Structome of Exophiala yeast cells determined by freeze - substitution and serial ultrathin sectioning electron microscopy : -, Current Trends in Microbiology,. 4. 招 待 講 演 ( 国 内 学 会 ) : Cryptococcus neoformans. :,,,,. :.. p..,,. シンポジウム ( 国 際 学 会 ) Yamaguchi M : Structome of Exophiala dermatitidis yeast cells at G phase. The th International Microscopy Congress IMC, Proceedings of IMC, pp., Sapporo, Japan, September -,. ( 国 内 学 会 ),, : Cryptococcus neoformans histidine kinase.. :,,,. 一 般 発 表 ( 国 際 学 会 ) Kawamoto S, Virtudazo EV, Ohkusu M, Yamanaka Y, Hirano H, Takeo K: Cryptocpccus neoformans cell control and proteomic analysis. Experimental Biology Annual Meeting of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, San Francisco USA, April -,. Kawamoto S, Virtudazo EV, Ohkusu M, Yamanaka Y, Watanabe K, Sonoda T, Okuda K, Hirano H, Takeo K. Cell control genes of pathogenic yeast Cryptocpccus neoformans. th General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology, Orlando USA, May -,. Kaneko-Watanabe K, Sonoda T, Yamashita T, Miyagi Y, Okuda K, Kawamoto S: Delphilin, postsynaptic scaffolding protein, interacts with monocarboxylate transporter MCT. th International Congress of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology th IUBMB KyotoLife: Molecular Integration & Biological Diversity, Kyoto Japan, June -,. Ikeda R, Saito F, Yamaguchi M, Kawamoto S: Fungusbacteria interactions: killing of Cryptococcu neoformans by the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus. The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, Paris, France, June, -,. Yamaguchi M, Biswas SK, Ohkusu M, Kawamoto S: Dynamics of the spindle pole body during the cell cycle in Cryptococcus neoformans examined by freezesubstitution and serial ultrathin sectioning. The th International Microscopy Congress IMC, Proceedings of IMC, pp., Sapporo, Japan, September -,. Yamaguchi M, Shimizu M, Ohkusu M, Kawamoto S: Repeated use of uranyl acetate solution in section staining in transmission electron microscopy. The th International Microscopy Congress IMC, Proceedings of IMC, pp., Sapporo, Japan, September -,. Ito E, Suzuki M, Yasumoto T: Verification of diarrhetic activities of PTX- and okadaic acid in vivo. th International conference on harmful algae. abstract pp. Copenhagen, Denmark, September -,. Li H-M, Shimizu K, Kawamoto S: Functional analysis of hybrid histidine kinase genes of Cryptococcus neoformans. The th International Mycological Congress IMC, Congress Handbook and Abstract Book,

42 pp., Cairns, Australia, August -,. 一 般 発 表 ( 国 内 学 会 ),,, : Cryptococcus neoformans.. :,,,.,,,, :.. p..,,.,, : Exophiala dermatitidis Cryptococcus neoformans.. p..,,.,, : Exophiala Cryptococcus : Saccharomyces.. :,,,.,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans Staphylococcus : Cryptococcus.. :,,,.,, : Exophiala Cryptococcus. in. p..,,. Virtudazo EV, Takeo K, Kawamoto S: Towards understanding cell cycle control in Cryptococcus neoformans: cloning and analysis of cell cycle gene homologues. The Joint Symposium of the IVR th anniversary Symposium and The nd International Symposium of the Institute Network. - May, Kyoto, Japan. Virtudazo EV, Ohkusu M, Kawamoto S, Aoki S, Takeo K: Cloning and characterization of cell cycle related cyclin homologues of Cryptococcus neoformans. th Anniversary of the Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society of Japan. June -,. Chiba, Japan. Virtudazo EV, Kawamoto, S: Analysis of cell cycle control genes in Cryptococcus neoformans.. November -,..,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans.. p..,,.,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans.. : p..,,.,, : Cryptococcus neoformans histidine kinase.. p..,,.,, : Cryptococcus neoformans histidine kinase.. :,,,. Takeuchi T, Yoshida T, Ohtsuki G, Hirano T, Wainai T, Fukaya M, Watanabe M, Mori H, Sakimura K, Kawamoto S, Mishina M: Facilitated cerebellar LTD and OKR adaptation in mice lacking Delphilin.,,,. Takeuchi T, Ohtsuki G, Yoshida T, Fukaya M, Wainai T, Mori H, Sakimura K, Kawamoto S, Watanabe M, Hirano T, Mishina M: Threshold regulation of cerebellar LTD is critical for motor learning efficiency.,,,.,,, :., p.,,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究,, :,

43 , Matthias Sipiczki,,., :, Christina Hull,,., : Cryptococcus neoformans, Vladislav Raclavský,,., :, Vladislav Raclavský,,. :, Gyorgy Vargha, George Barabas, Andras Penyige,,. :, Marie Kopecka, Miroslav Gabriel, Augustin Svoboda,,. :, R. Holland Cheng,,. 2. 共 同 利 用 研 究 以 外 の 国 内 共 同 研 究, : Cryptococcus neoformans,,., : Cdk - Cdc,,., : Candida albicans,,., : Candida glabrata,,. :,,. : T,,. :,,,,,. :,,. :,,,. 国 際 交 流 1. 海 外 渡 航 :,, Experimental Biology Annual Meeting of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,,,,. :,, Palmer Taylor University of California, San Diego,,. :,, Christina Hull University of Wisconsin, Madison,,. :,, th General Meeting of American Society for Microbiology,,,,. :,, Matthias Sipiczki,,,,. :,,, Matthias Sipiczki, Gyorgy Vargha,,

44 . :,. Marine Institute. Azaspiracid standard and toxicology,,.. Marine Institute. :,, The th International Mycological Congress IMC,,,,. 2. 海 外 研 究 者 の 受 け 入 れ Matthias Sipiczki,,,. Gyorgy Vargha,,,,,. 学 会 等 活 動,, :,,,. :,,,. :, :,,,. :,,,,. : th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University "Forefront of taxonomy, epidemiology and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi and related taxa"chiba, December,. : The th International Microscopy Congress Mycology and Parasitology,,,. : th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University "Forefront of taxonomy, epidemiology and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi and related taxa"chiba, December,. :,,,. :,,,. :, :,,,. : th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University "Forefront of taxonomy, epidemiology and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi and related taxa"chiba, December,. 教 育 活 動 学 位 指 導 : :. 講 義 :,,,, : A,,, :,,,,, :,,..,..

45 社 会 的 活 動 センター 講 習 会 :... : Electron microscopy of fungal cells... その 他 :!?,,,.,, : BP pp. -,. : pp. -,. 外 部 資 金 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 : C,. : C,. : B,. :. その 他 の 外 部 資 金, : :,,.. :,, :. :,,. センター 長 裁 量 経 費,,, :,.

46 Department of Molecular Function, Division of Molecular Biology and Therapeutics 教 授 : 三 上 襄 学 内 委 員,,,,,,,,,,,,,, センター 内 委 員,,,,,,, 学 協 会 への 貢 献,,,,, 国 および 地 方 公 共 団 体 への 貢 献, NBRP,, 所 属 学 会,,,, 受 賞 : :,,,,,,.. その 他 助 教 授 : 知 花 博 治 学 内 委 員, センター 内 委 員,,,,,,, WG, WG, 学 協 会 への 貢 献 所 属 学 会 American Society for Microbiology,,,, Genetic Society of America,, 受 賞 : :,,,,,, Candida glabrata.. 助 手 : 宇 野 潤 学 内 委 員 センター 内 委 員,,,,,,, WG, WG, 学 協 会 への 貢 献,, 所 属 学 会,,,, 受 賞 : :,,,,,,.. その 他 衛 生 検 査 技 師 : 矢 澤 勝 清 非 常 勤 講 師 : 石 渡 堅 一 郎 非 常 勤 講 師 : 鈴 木 健 一 郎, NBRC 研 究 機 関 研 究 員 : 小 暮 高 久 研 究 支 援 推 進 員 : 城 彩 子 研 究 支 援 員 : 笹 本 要

47 研 究 支 援 員 : 木 下 妻 智 子. 研 究 支 援 員 : 島 田 五 月 技 術 補 佐 員 : 金 綱 星 児 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 向 井 啓 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : Ahmed Hanafy 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 長 谷 川 太 一 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 上 野 圭 吾 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 博 士 課 程 : 康 穎 倩 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 武 田 健 二 郎 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 博 士 前 期 課 程 : 松 本 優 子 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 博 士 前 期 課 程 : 山 本 摂 也 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 伊 藤 淳 二 大 学 院 医 学 薬 学 府 修 士 課 程 : 島 田 玲 緒 奈 大 学 院 自 然 科 学 研 究 科 博 士 前 期 課 程 : 芝 崎 あずさ 園 芸 学 部 学 部 生 : 三 谷 宏 樹 日 大 生 産 工 学 学 部 生 : 住 江 祐 介 民 間 等 共 同 研 究 員 : 秦 真 人 研 究 概 要.,. Nocardia,, N. abscessus, N. asiatica, N. aobensis, N. exalbida, N. cyriacigeorgica, N. beijingensis, N. brasiliensis, N. concava, N. farcinica, N. nova, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. pseudobrasiliensis, N. puris, N. veterana. Actinomyces, Actinomadura, Mycobacterium, Gordonia, Streptomyces, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Rothia. NocardiaN. farcinica. N. brasiliensis, N. cyriacigeorgica, Streptomyces, CDC N. brasiliensis,,,,.. Nocardia,, N. farcinica,., AG S rrna,,,,.. gyrb Nocardia, S rdna S rdna DNA gyrb., gyrb Nocardia,. Nocardia gyrb.. S rdna. S rdna,. Gordonia, gyrb sec A, S rrna, gyrb Yingqian Kang,,.. Nocardia farcinica N. farcinica Nocardia. N. farcinica.,., N. farcinica,. N. farcinica,.,,,,.

48 . Nocardia Nocardia IFM IFM S rrna N. asteroides N. transvalensis DNA- DNA hybridization.,,. Actinomadura,, A. madurae, Actinomadura Ahmed Hanafy, Yingqian Kang,,.. Coccidioides TOP TRF TOP TRF,., PCR.,,.. Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans var. grubii, simple sequence repeats SSRs PCR.,, Ahmed Hanafy,.., Nocardia Mycobacterium,,,,., Nocardia transvalensis,,. Tettigonia orientalis..,,., Streptomyces sp. IFM. Aspergillus Escherichia coli Micrococcus luteus,.,,,,,. Armadillidium vulgare Streptomyces,,,..., biodegradation. ITS Fusarium oxysporum.,.. Candida glabrata Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in vitro,.,,, C. albicans, A. fumigatus, Cr. neoformans,,.,,. C. glabrata,,

49 C. glabrata.,.,,,,,.,, YKU,.,,,.. Candida albicans NBRC. http ://candida.bri.nrc.ca/alignments/index.cfm..., Strobilurus.,., NMR MS mucidinstrobilurin A.,,,. 研 究 成 果 の 発 表 1. 著 書, :,,. pp. -,,,,, 2. 原 著 英 文 Myoken M, Kyo T, Sugata T, Murayama SY, Mikami Y: Breakthrough fungemia caused by fluconazoleresistant Candida albicans with decreased susceptibility to voriconazole in patients with heamatological malignancies. Haematologica : -,. Iida S, Kageyama A, Yazawa K, Uchiyama N, Toyohara T, Chohnabayashi N, Suzuki S, Nomura F, Kroppenstedt RM, Mikami Y: Nocardia exalbida sp. nov., isolated from Japanese patients with nocardiosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol : -,. Iwata T, Hattori H, Chibana H, Mikami Y, Tomita Y, Kikuchi A, Kanbe T: Genotyping of Candida albicans on the basis of polymorphisms of ALT repeats in the repetitive sequence RPS. J Dermatol Sci : -,. Nakahara S, Kubo A, Mikami Y, Ito J: Synthesis of cribrostatin and its related compounds. Heterocycles : -,. Watanabe K, Shibagawa M, Amishima M, Iida S, Yazawa K, Kageyama A, Ando A, Mikami Y: First clinical isolate of Nocardia carnea, Nocardia elegans, Nocardia paucivorans, Nocardia puris and Nocardia takedensis from patients in Japan. Jap J Med Mycol : -,. Girish CP, Hanafy AM, Katsu M, Mikami Y, Menon T: Molecular analysis and susceptibility profiling of Candida albicans isolates from immunocompromised patients in South India. Mycopathol : -,. Myoken Y, Sugata T, Fujita Y, Fujihara M, Iwato K, Murayama SY, Mikami Y: Early diagnosis and successful management of atypical invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in a hematopoieric cell transplant patient: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg : -,. Kageyama A, Iida S, Yazawa K, Kudo T, Suzuki S, Koga T, Saito H, Inagawa H, Wada A, Kroppenstedt RM, Mikami Y: Gordonia araii sp. nov. and Gordonia effusa sp. nov. isolated from patients in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol : -,.

50 Binelli CA, Moretti ML, Assis RS, Sauaia N, Menezes PR, Ribeiro E, Geiger DC, Mikami Y, Miyaji M, Oliveira MS, Barone AA, Levin AS : Investigation of the possible association between nosocomial candiduria and candidaemia. Clin Microbiol Infect : -,. Sano A, Miyaji M, Kamei K, Mikami Y, Nishimura K: Reexamination of Coccidioides spp. reserved in the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University, based on a multiple gene analysis. Jap J Med Mycol : -,. Mukai A, Fukai T, Matsumoto Y, Ishikawa J, Hoshino Y, Yazawa K, Harada K, Mikami Y: Transvalencin Z, a new antimicrobial compound with salicylic acid residue from Nocardia transvalensis IFM. J Antibiot : -,. Hanafy A, Ito J, Iida S, Kang Y, Kogure T, Yazawa K, Takashi Yaguchi T, Mikami Y: Majority of Actinomadura clinical isolates from sputa or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Japan belongs to the cluster of Actinomadura cremea and Actinomadura nitritigenes, and the description of Actinomadura chibensis sp. nov. Mycopathol : -,. Ishiuchi K, Kubota T, Mikami Y, Obara Y, Nakahata N, Kobayashi J: Complanadines C and D, new dimeric alkaloids from Lycopodium complanatum. Bioorg Med Chem Epub ahead of print Oct. 邦 文,,,,, : Nocardia cyriacigeorgica. : -,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :. : -,. 3. 総 説 解 説 その 他 学 術 刊 行 物 : : -,., : Candida albicans MRS Major repeated sequnce. : -,.,,,. : Candida. : -,.,,,, : Candida albicans Quorum - Sensing. : -,. 4. 学 会 シンポジウム 研 究 集 会 での 招 待 講 演 国 際 学 会 招 待 講 演 :.,,,. :.,,,. シンポジウム Chibana H, Nakayama H, Ueno K, Sasamoto K, Aoyama T, Tsuritani K, Uno J, Miyakawa Y, Cho T, Nakai K and Mikami Y. The launch of Candida glabrata phenome project,the th Candida and Candidiasis. Denver, March,. セミナー Mikami Y : Nocardia as enemies and our friends Seminar. Witwaters University, Johannesburg, South Africa, September,. 国 内 学 会 特 別 講 演 : Nocardia COE.,,. :.,. シンポジウム :.,,,.

51 :NBRP NBRP,,., Candida glabrata,,.. 大 学 院 GP :, GP,,,. 5. 一 般 発 表 国 際 学 会 Nakayama H, Aoyama T, Cho T, Toyoda M, Watanabe T, Chibana H: Functional anaylysis of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase PSA/SRB/VIGgene and its paralogue in Candida aglabrata, The th Candida and Candidiasis. Denver, March,. T. Rast, Hoog M van het, Martchenko M, Scherer S, Magee B, Grindle S, Goodpaster M, Dignard D, Li Z, Hogues H, Berriman M, Chibana H, Whiteway M, Magee P.T., Nantel A: A final assembly of the Candida albicans genome, The th Candida and Candidiasis. Denver, March,. Chibana H, Nakayama H, Ueno K, Sasamoto K, Aoyama T, Tsuritani K, Nakai K and Mikami Y: The launching Candida glabrata phenome project for discovery of new anti-fungal drug targets, The nd International Symposium of the Institute Network of the Institute Network, Kyoto, May -,. Nakayama H, Chibana H: In vitro and in vivo effect of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase ERG depletion in pathogenic yeast, Candida glabrata, The th Awaji International Forum on Infection and Immunity, Awaji, September -,. Nakayama H, Aoyama T, Cho T, Ueno K, Chibana H: Functional analysis of the genes participated in GDPmannose biosynthesis pathway in pathogenic yeast, Candida glabrata, The th Awaji International Forum on Infection and Immunity, Awaji, September -,. Chibana H, Ueno K, Nakayama H, Aoyama T, Sasamoto K, Takagi H, Uno J, Miyakawa Y, Mikami Y: Pathognenic fungus Candida glabrata gnenome regulation project - Gene hunting for antifungal drug targets- The th Awaji International Forum on Infection and Immunity, Awaji, September -,. 国 内 学 会,,,,,,, :NBRP NBRP, p.,.,,,,,,, :, NBRP,,. :.,.,,,,,,,,, : Candida glabrata,,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata GDP - mannose pyrophosphorylase,,,,. :,,,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata CGRP,

52 ,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata,,,.,,,,,,,,, : Candida glabrata,,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata GDPmannose pyrophosphorylase,,,,. :,,,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata CGRP,,,.,,,, : Candida glabrata,,,.,,, : RPS ALT Candida albicans genotyping.,,,.,,,,,, : Candida glabrata.,,,.,,, : Candida glabrata.,,,.,,,,, : Candida glabrata PSA, PSA.,,,.,,,, : Candida PHO : TET.,,,.,,,, : Candida albicans.,,,. :,,,. :,,,., KANG YINGQIAN,,, : Nocardia gyrb.,,,.,,, Yingqian Kang,,, : Nocardia.,,,.,,,,,, : Nocardia.,,,., Itano Eiko Nakagawa,, Ono Mario Augusto,,,,,, : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis IFM., :,,,.

53 ,,,,, : Candida albicans., :,,,.,,,,, : Coccidioides II TOPTRF., :,,,., Yingqian Kang,,,, : gyrb Nocardia., :,,,.,,,, : Nocardia asteroids sensu stricto., :,,,.,,,,, : Nocardia Siderophore., :,,,.,,,,,, : Candida glabrata., :,,,.,,,,,, : Candida., :,,,.,,,,, : Candida albicans,, :,,,.,,, : Candida glabrata,, :,,,.,,,,,,,, : Candida glabrata.,,.,,, : Canida glabrata DNA.,,.,,, Canida glabrata,,,.,,,,, : Canida glabrata AUS :,,., Bard Martin,,, Wu Sung, Hodgson Wesley,,, : Candida glabrata CgAUS,,,.,,, : Candida albicans., :,,,.,,, : Alkenylbenzene., :,,,., Yingqian Kang,,,, : DNA gyrb Nocardia.,,,., Itano Eiko Nakagawa,, Ono Mario Augusto,,,,,, : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp

54 ., p.,,. 共 同 研 究 1. 国 際 共 同 研 究 : : Eric R. Dabbs,,. : : N. Poonwan,,. : : R. M. Kroppenstedt, DSMZ,. : Cryptococcus : W. Meyer,,. : : M. L. Moretti - Branchini,,. : Candida albicans, Malcolm Whiteway, Paul T. Magee,. : Candida glabrata, Ken Haynes,. 2. 共 同 利 用 研 究 以 外 の 国 内 共 同 研 究 : : : 国 際 交 流 1. 海 外 渡 航 : :,,,. : :,,,,. :,,,. : ASM conference th Candida and Candidiasis, Denver,,. 2. 海 外 研 究 者 の 受 け 入 れ Shih - Yi Lee,,. Lrodkaew Tussanee,,. Shu - Ying Li,,. Luis Cortez,,. Ademar Yamanaka,,. Yotaro Shibayama,,,. 学 会 等 活 動,, : Cryptic speciation within the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex, Dr. W. Meyer,,,. :,,. :,,. :,,. :. :.

55 教 育 活 動 学 位 指 導 1. 博 士 課 程 :., :. :.. :. 2. 修 士 課 程 :. Candida glabrata. :,. 3. 医 学 部 基 礎 配 属,,. 講 義 :, I,, :. :,,. インターンシップ 生 ( 実 習 生 )の 受 け 入 れ :.. 社 会 的 活 動 センター 講 習 会 :.. 講 演 など :. 外 部 資 金 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 : C Nocardia,. :,. :,., :,. :, Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto,,. その 他 の 外 部 資 金 :,. : :,.

56 Department of Molecular Function, Division of Biological Specification,.. 教 授 : 佐 藤 謙 一 学 会 および 社 会 における 活 動 等, :,,,, :,,,, センターでの 18 年 度 の 共 同 研 究 微 生 物 の 二 次 代 謝 産 物 よりの 新 規 化 合 物 の 探 索.,. siderophore transvalencin Z,.,,,..,,.,.,,, 16S rrna,.,,.,,,.,,,.,.,. 学 会 発 表 国 際 学 会. Hoshino K, Okumura R, Inoue K, Murakami Y, Awaya H, HirataT, Yamachika S, Otani R, Sato K: DC- a, a new generation of respiratory quinolone: in vitro activities against clinical isolates and its mode of action against topoisomerases. th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, F-,.. Murakami Y, Awaya H, Hoshino K, Otani T, Sato K: DC-a, a new generation of respiratory quinolone: time killing study against quinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. aureus. th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA, F-,.. Kurosaka Y, Ogiso S, Uoyama S, Namba K, Otani T, Sato K: DC-a, a new generation of respiratory quinolone: therapeutic efficacy against experimental murine pneumoniae due to multi-drug resistant S. pneumoniae. th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San

57 Francisco, CA, CA,F-,.. Kurosaka Y, Ogiso S, Uoyama S, Namba K, Otani T, Sato K. DC-a: a new generation of respiratory quinolone: in vivo pharmacodynamics and bactericidal activity in neutropenic murine thigh infections due to S. pneumoniae. th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, CA,. 国 内 学 会,,,,,, : sitafloxacin PK/PD.,,, No.,.,,,,, : MRSA Des - F DX -.,,, No.,. :...,, p.,.,,, : AmpC - lactamase., No., p.,.

58 Culture Collection of Pathogenic Fungi and Actinomycetes 文 部 科 学 技 術 職 員 : 伊 藤 純 子, センター 内 委 員 文 部 科 学 技 術 職 員 : 松 澤 哲 宏, 文 部 科 学 技 術 職 員 : 矢 沢 勝 清 技 術 補 佐 員 : 松 田 千 恵 子 論 文 Hanafy A, Ito J, Iida S, Kang Y, Kogure T, Yazawa K, Yaguchi T, Mikami Y: Majority of Actinomadura clinical isolates from sputa or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Japan belongs to the cluster of Actiomadura cremea and Actiomadura nitrigenes, and the description of Actionamadura chibaensis sp. nov. Mycopathologia : -, 業 務 概 要,.,,. NBRP,.,,.,,,,,., Fonsecaea ITS, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aureobasidium b, rrna., Nocardia Gordonia,. 学 会 発 表 国 外 Yaguchi T, Horie Y, Tanaka R, Matsuzawa T, Ito J, Nishimura K: Classification of pathogenic Aspergillus section Fumigati. th International Mycological Congress, Cairns, Australia, August -.. 国 内,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., pp. -,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., p.,,,., Kang Yingqian,,, : Nocardia gyrb.,,,.,,, Kang Yingqia,,, : Nocardia., p.,,,.,,,,,, : Nocardia.

59 , p.,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati., :,,,.,,,,, : Candida albicans., :,,,.,,,, : Nocardia asteroides sensu stricto., :,,,., Yingquan Kang,,,, : gyrb Nocardia., :,,,.,,,,, : Nocardia Siderophore., :,,,.,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati.,,,. 受 賞 : :,,,,, : Aspergillus section Fumigati... : :,,, : Neosartorya Aspergillus section Fumigati... その 他 科 学 研 究 費 補 助 金 :, Aspergillus section Fumigati,.

60 2006 年 分 譲 件 数 と 分 譲 株 数,, 患 者 検 体 から 分 離 された 菌 株 の 同 定 と 依 頼 機 関. IFM Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus flavus - Aspergillus flavus Aspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus fumigatus Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger Aspergillus niger - Aspergillus terreus Aspergillus terreus - Bipolaris sp. Candida albicans Candida albicans - President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Candida albicans Londrina, Brazil Candida albicans Londrina, Brazil Candida famata President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Candida glabrata Candida glabrata Candida glabrata - Candida glabrata Candida guilliermondii - Candida guilliermondii President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Candida intermedia Londrina, Brazil Candida intermedia Candida krusei - Candida krusei Candida lusitaniae Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis -

61 Candida parapsilosis - Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis - Londrina, Brazil Candida parapsilosis Candida pararugosa President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Candida pararugosa Londrina, Brazil Candida sp. Londrina, Brazil Candida sp. Londrina, Brazil Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis - Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis - Candida tropicalis - Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis Londrina, Brazil Candida tropicalis Londrina, Brazil Candida tropicalis Londrina, Brazil Candida tropicalis Londrina, Brazil Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis Candida tropicalis Candida zeylanoides Cylindrocarpon destructans Cryptococcus neoformans Londrina, Brazil Cryptococcus neoformans Exophiala dermatitidis Exophiala dermatitidis Fusarium falciforme Londrina, Brazil Fusarium oxysporum - Londrina, Brazil Fusarium oxysporum Londrina, Brazil Fusarium solani Londrina, Brazil Fusarium solani - Londrina, Brazil Fusarium striatum Londrina, Brazil Microsporum canis President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Mucor circinelloides Paecilomyces lilacinus Londrina, Brazil Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Rhodotorula mucilaginosa President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Schizophyllum commune

62 Schizophyllum commune Scytalidium hyalinum President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Trichisporon asteroides Londrina, Brazil Trichophyton mentagrophytes President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Trichophyton rubrum President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Trichophyton tonsurans Trichosporon asahii President Prudente Hospital, Brazil Trichosporon asahii Londrina, Brazil Trichosporon asahii - Londrina, Brazil Trichosporon japonicum Londrina, Brazil Actinomadura sp. Actinomyces sp. Corynebacterium kroppensteditii Corynebacterium sp. Corynebacterium sp. Eurobacterium nodata Gordonia sp. Gordonia sp. Gordonia sputi Gordonia sputi Microbacterium sp. Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium sp. Nocardia abscessus Nocardia abscessus Nocardia abscessus Nocardia abscessus Nocardia aobensis - Nocardia aobensis Nocardia asiatica Nocardia asteroides Nocardia beijingensis Nocardia beijingensis Nocardia beijingensis Nocardia beijingensis Nocardia beijingensis Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia brasiliensis - Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia brasiliensis - Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico

63 Nocardia brasiliensis - Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia brasiliensis Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia brasiliensis - Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia brasiliensis Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia brasiliensis CDC, Nocardia concava Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Nocardia exalbida Nocardia farcinica - Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica - Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia farcinica Nocardia nova Nocardia nova Nocardia nova Nocardia nova Nocardia nova

64 Nocardia nova Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis Nocardia puris Nocardia transvalensis Nocardia transvalensis - Nocardia veterana Nocardia vinacea Propionibacterium acnes Propionibacterium propionica Propionibacterium propionica Rothia sp. Rothia sp. Streptomyces aureoversillis Streptomyces sp. Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Streptomyces sp. Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico Streptomyces sp. Servicio Dermatocolgia, Hospital Universitario, Mexico

65 保 存 菌 株 の 原 産 国 別 分 類 North America Malawi Bahamas Morocco Canada Mozambique Costa Rica Namibia Cuba Nigeria Dominican Republic Rwanda Gulf of Mexico Somalia Honduras South Africa Jamaica Sudan Mexico Togo Nicaragua Uganda Panama Zaire Puerto Rico Zimbabwe USA Asia, South America, Bhutan Argentina Ceylon Brazil, China Chile India Colombia Indonesia Ecuador Iran French Guiana Iraq Guyana Israel Peru Japan, Surinam Kazakhstan Uruguay Korea Venezuela Kuwait Africa Malaysia Argeria Myammar Central African Republic Nepal Congo Pakistan Egypt Saudi Arabia Ethiopia Sri Lanka Gabon Tadzjikistan Ghana Taiwan Guinea Thailand Ivory Coast Turkey Kenya Uzbekistan Madagascar Vietnam

66 Europe, Slovakia Austria Spain Belgium Sweden Bohemia Switzerland Bulgaria UK Croatia Ukraine Czech Republic USSR Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia Denmark Oceania Eritrea Antarctic Ocean Estonia Antarctica Finland Australia France Bougainville island Germany New Zealand Greece Papua New Guinea Hungary Philippines Ireland Samoa Irish Republic Solomon Islands Italy Tahiti Luxembourg Tonga Netherlands Norway Poland unknown, Portugal Rumania Russia total,

67 Review Article Cryptococcus neoformans and oxygen Raclavský Vladislav Department of Pathogenic Fungi, Division of Ecology Foreign Guest Professor of the Research Center of Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University. Present address: Dept. of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Czech Republic Summary Oxygen is essential to life of all organisms except for obligate anaerobic species, because it is necessary for energy generation and also for some biosynthetic pathways. However, sensitivity to low oxygen levels can vary widely in different organisms and cell types. The pathogenic yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans is known to love oxygen. In response to the lack of oxygen hypoxia, this yeast delays budding without resigning DNA replication, which eventually results in unique cell cycle arrest in the unbudded G -phase. Potential mechanisms of oxygen sensing and hypoxia signaling will be discussed, as well as the possible role of gradual adaptation to decreased oxygen supply during systemic cryptococcal infection in mammals. Cryptococcus loves oxygen Oxygen is essential to life of all organisms except for obligate anaerobic species, because it is necessary for energy generation and also for some biosynthetic pathways. Thus, all aerobic species have to develop a strategy how to cope with fluctuations in oxygen availability and how to possibly survive severe oxygen limitation. However, sensitivity lo low oxygen levels can vary widely in different organisms and cell types. The pathogenic yeast species Cryptococcus neoformans is known to love oxygen. The first indices about the essential need of adequate oxygen supply for its proliferation came from Roberts et al, who have shown that rates of isolation of yeasts from blood cultures were significantly enhanced by venting vacuum blood culture bottles in studies of both simulated and patients' blood cultures. Although they do not comment on this matter, their data clearly show that the isolation rate of C. neoformans decreased more markedly in unvented blood culture bottles compared to other yeast species % recovery rate in simulated C. neoformans samples compared to -% in C. albicans, tropicalis and parapsilosis. Later, Huahua et al pointed at the key role of oxygen when they demonstrated that addition of hydrogen peroxide to blood culture bottles resulted both in increased po levels and increased CFU/ml yields of Cryptococcus neoformans. At last, Odds et al demonstrated that oxygen should be the limiting nutrient for growth of C. neoformans in microtiter plates, because agitation or % oxygen environment both resulted in highest OD readings regardless of the glucose concentration. It is obvious that such sensitivity to oxygen levels must rely on a delicate oxygen sensing system which controls cell proliferation. However, the abovementioned studies were targeted on resolving technical issues in microbiological diagnostics, and nobody has followed this line of research initially. Clue comes from studies on ploidy New incentive to the study of cryptococcal hypoxia response surprisingly came from the other side of the coin. Until the year, our knowledge of cell cycle regulation in budding yeasts was based almost exclusively on the observations made in the model yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this organism, initiation of budding and DNA-replication are coupled tightly, thus unbudded yeast cells are always G - cells harboring n DNA content in haploid strains. This paradigm was challenged and overcome by Takeo et al, who recognized that Cryptococcus neoformans is able to undergo DNA-replication without starting to bud, resulting in a

68 fraction of unbudded G -cells harboring n DNA content. This unique ability of C. neoformans to arrest in unbudded G -phase of the cell cycle has not been described in any other yeast species so far. Subsequently, the same group has shown that this arrest develops gradually during transition to stationary phase, when budding is delayed from S to G. At the end, Ohkusu et al identified deficit in oxygen as the key cause for delayed budding resulting eventually in the unbudded G -arrest. This discovery opened a completely new field for research, posing the questions on the oxygen sensor and on the signaling pathway from this sensor towards control of cell cycle progression. These questions appear to be important from the general perspective, because commitments to budding, replication and SPB duplication are all controlled by the Cdc downstream signaling and are inseparable in the model ascomycetous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This paradigm appears not to fit the cryptococcal cell cycle control at all points, although the cryptococcal Cdc homologue, CnCdk, cannot be questioned as its master cell cycle regulator. However, as already noted by Ohkusu et al, a specific checkpoint control may exists in C. neoformans to control cell cycle progression. Its cells either have to pass an oxygen sensitive cell cycle checkpoint to start budding, regardless of how far DNA synthesis had proceeded, or, in other words, an unknown oxygen sensitive mechanism should be able to delay budding. Consequently, low oxygen supply could cause shorter or longer or even long-lasting delay in the onset of budding, resulting in G/M arrest through the well conserved morphogenetic checkpoint. The rapid onset of budding upon reoxygenation of G -arrested culture demonstrates that budding initiation and/or progress should be the only limiting steps when all other conditions to cell cycle progression are completed. Established hypoxia signaling in mammals and Saccharomyces yeast provide little guidance The easiest way to look for a clue to the control of cryptococcal cell cycle progression by oxygen availability should be to go through the knowledge gathered on the response to low oxygen levels in other eukaryotes. In mammals, HIF- hypoxia-inducible factoris the master player in hypoxia response. HIF- is a heterodimeric transcription factor, one component of which is polyubiquitylated and subsequently degraded by the proteasome under normoxic conditions. Prolyl hydroxylases, which require dioxygen for their activity, serve as the oxygen sensors, which postranslationally modify the HIF- and thus mark it for degradation. Once the oxygen level is reduced, HIF is stabilized and transcription of genes needed to cope with hypoxia is upregulated. However, this type of response has developed during evolution of multicellular organisms only and there is no circumstantial evidence for its presence in unicellular eukaryotes. Also, when it comes to cell cycle arrest in response to hypoxia in mammalian cells, this is mediated through the PP phosphatase action on prb resulting in G cell cycle arrest prior to DNA replication. When unicellular eukaryotes are considered as the source of knowledge about analogous signaling, the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae should be the first choice. Two types of transcription factors are involved in activation and repression of genes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions in Saccharomyces yeast for review see Kwast et al. However, in contrast to the strictly aerobic basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans, this ascomycetous yeast is facultative anaerobic and switches to a completely different metabolic behavior in response to oxygen limitation, which enables it to continue cell cycle progression. Thus, scarcely any useful hints can be learned from its Hap/Rox hypoxia response system for cryptococcal signaling. In contrast, several interesting observations have been done in the aerobic yeast Pichia stipitis. Activation of its pyruvate decarboxylase was observed during aerobic cultivation in a cell number-correlated manner. Activation of this enzyme is also strongly triggered under hypoxic conditions, indicating that transient oxygen limitation due to accumulation of rapidly growing oxygen-demanding cells can by the reason for its cell number-correlated manner of activation in aerobic culture. Transient delay of budding was also observed in late log-phase of cryptococcal growth by us unpublished data. Later it was shown that Pichia stipitis obviously responds to a decrease in dissolved oxygen tension while the culture is still aerobic, most probably to reduce oxygen consumption, to prevent a real limitation. This

69 type of response is very similar to the response of Cryptococcus neoformans, which also reduces its growth rate under limited aeration and eventually arrests without exploiting the glucose available in medium completely. Based on yet unpublished observations made in Pichia stipitis, Klinner et al were the first to suggest possible role of nitric oxide synthase in hypoxia sensing of this yeast. Can nitric oxide be the master? Nitric oxide NOis known to be widely involved in signaling in multicellular eukaryotes including plants. Dioxygen and L-arginine serve as substrates for nitric oxide synthases NOS, being converted into NO and citruline. This reaction is dependent on the availability of several cofactors and co-substrates, including NADPH, FAD, and tetrahydrobiopterin BH. Activity of NOS was shown to be proportional to a wide range of dioxygen levels. Therefore, it is argued that the enzyme can serve as an oxygen sensor. Recently, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that the mechanisms by which cells adapt to hypoxia involve NOS activity. In addition, presumable nitric oxide synthase NOShomologues have been detected in the model yeast Sachharomyces cerevisiae, although the evidence relies on the study of proteins, whereas the coding genes have not been described yet,. Furthermore, Klinner et al reported that they have recently detected NOS activity in P. stipitis submitted for publication. If the model on the role of NO in hypoxia signaling proposed in mammals would be applied to yeasts, then, increased dioxygen levels should result in increased NO production followed by downstream signaling. However, another piece of puzzling evidence was added by Castello et al recently, who showed that yeast mitochondria produce NO at dissolved oxygen concentrations below M. This NO production is nitrite NO - dependent, requires an electron donor, and is carried out by cytochrome c oxidase COXin a ph-dependent fashion. In such case, not increased, but decreased dioxygen levels should result in increased NO production followed by downstream signaling. Nonetheless, the above cited remark on NOS activity in Pichia stipitis and the observed mitochondrial NO production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strongly suggest that NO production should play its part in hypoxia signaling in Cryptococcus. Certainly, the accurate picture and significance of the role of NO in cryptococcal hypoxia response has to be established only. Due to the complexity of cellular systems, it is even conceivable, that both NOS and COX systems work in NO generation in yeast cells, being possibly activated differently at different dioxygen levels. Because the state of regulatory networks can also be different under different conditions, same levels of NO can even have converse effects. Also, the role of the two proposed systems may vary among aerobic a facultative anaerobic yeasts. Anyway, the possible role of NO in hypoxia signaling in yeasts represents an attractive hypothesis, because this molecule can also transmit signal to closely adjacent cells in culture, offering an intriguing explanation for the observed quorum sensing response in Pichia stipitis. Concluding remarks It is noteworthy that hypoxia signaling and cell cycle regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans deserves to be studied not only because its general significance for understanding the biology of lower eukaryotes other than Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the role of cryptococcal adaptation to varying dioxygen levels during human infection highly deserves investigation and evaluation. As widely known, lung tissue is the typical port of entry of cryptococcal infectious propagules into the human body. From this primary site, it typically spreads into the CNS, causing meningoencephalitis. It is beyond reasonable doubt that inhalation of aerosol plays key role in its pathogenesis. There is also supportive evidence explaining cryptococcal predilection for the CNS because of its ability to utilize catecholamines for melanogenesis, although this has been questioned recently. However, lungs and brain tissue also share one character of possibly major importance for cryptococcal survival in human tissue, i.e. they show high levels of oxygenation. Although oxygen levels are lower in brain compared to lungs, they are kept still quite high and also within a rather narrow range because of the sensitivity of the brain tissue to damage by hypoxia. Thus, easier adaptation to gradually decreasing, but yet stable oxygen supply during invasion from environment to brain tissue through lungs may provide an intriguing explanation for the typical course of cryptococcal

70 infection, without questioning the other well known virulence factors further supporting its survival ability. In such case, adaptation to hypoxia may play significant role in pathogenesis of cryptococcal infection. Notably, in a murine model, cryptococcal cells which crossed the blood-brain barrier were always closely associated with the brain capillaries and were rarely found within the brain parenchyma as early as hours postinjection. By h postinjection, they were found in the brain parenchyma, but still mainly near the capillaries. At days postinjection, brains showed large cystic lesions throughout the brain parenchyma, where the largest numbers of yeast cells were again localized in perivascular cysts, i.e. close to the vessels providing them with oxygen all Chang et al. Thus, it can be concluded that the study of hypoxia signaling and cell cycle regulation in Cryptococcus neoformans represents a challenging and hot topic. Acknowledgements V. Raclavský is grateful to the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Ciba University Japan. This work was also partly supported by the Czech Science Foundation //. References Roberts GD, Horstmeier C, Hall M, Washington JA: Recovery of yeast from vented blood culture bottles. J Clin Microbiol : -,. Huahua T, Rudy J, Kunin CM: Effect of hydrogen peroxide on growth of Candida, Cryptococcus, and other yeasts in simulated blood culture bottles. J Clin Microbiol : -,. Odds FC, De Backer T, Dams G, Vranckx L, Woestenborghs F: Oxygen as limiting nutrient for growth of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Clin Microbiol : -,. Takeo K, Tanaka R, Miyaji M, Nishimura K: Unbudded G as well as G arrest in the stationary phase of the basidiomycetous yeast Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Microbiol Lett : -,. Ohkusu M, Hata K, Takeo K: Bud emergence is gradually delayed from S to G with progression of growth phase in Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Microbiol Lett : -,. Ohkusu M, Raclavský V, Takeo K: Deficit in oxygen causes G budding and unbudded G arrest in Cryptococcus neoformans. FEMS Microbiol Lett : -,. Takeo K, Ogura Y, Virtudazo E, Raclavský V, Kawamoto S.: Isolation of a CDC homologue from Cryptococcus neoformans that is able to complement cdc temperature-sensitive mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res : -,. Lew DJ: The morphogenesis checkpoint: how yeast cells watch their figures. Curr Opin Cell Biol : -,. Ohkusu M, Raclavský V, Takeo K: Induced synchrony in Cryptococcus neoformans after release from G-arrest. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek : -,. Semenza GL: Hypoxia-inducible factor : master regulator of O homeostasis. Curr Opin Genet Dev : -,. Krtolica A, Krucher NA, Ludlow, JW: Hypoxiainduced prb hypophosphorylation results f rom downregulation of CDK and upregulation of PP activities. Oncogene : -,. Kwast KE, Burke PV, Poyton RO: Oxygen sensing and the transcriptional regulation of oxygen-responsive genes in yeast. J Exp Biol : -,. Mergler M, Klinner U: Cell density-correlated induction of pyruvate decarboxylase under aerobic conditions in the yeast Pichia stipitis. Acta Biol Hung :,. Klinner U, Fluthgraf S, Freese S, Passoth V: Aerobic induction of respiro-fermentative growth by decreasing oxygen tensions in the respiratory yeast Pichia stipitis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol :,. Stuehr DJ: Mammalian nitric oxide synthases. Biochim Biophys Acta : -,. Postovit LM, Sullivan R, Adams MA, Graham CH: Nitric oxide signalling and cellular adaptations to changes in oxygenation. Toxicology : -,. Kanadia RN, Kuo WN, McNabb M, Botchway A.: Constitutive nitric oxide synthase in Saccharomyces

71 cerevisiae. Biochem Mol Biol Int : -,. Domitrovic T, Palhano FL, Barja-Fidalgo C, DeFreitas M, Orlando MT, Fernandes PM: Role of nitric oxide in the response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to heat shock and high hydrostatic pressure. FEMS Yeast Res : -,. Castello PR, David PS, McClure T, Crook Z, Poyton RO.: Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase produces nitric oxide under hypoxic conditions: implications for oxygen sensing and hypoxic signaling in eukaryotes. Cell Metab : -,. Polacheck I, Platt Y, Aronovitch J: Catecholamines and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans. Infect Immun : -,. Noverr MC, Williamson PR, Fajardo RS, Huffnagle GB: CNLAC is required for extrapulmonar y dissemination of Cryptococcus neoformans but not pulmonary persistence. Infect Immun : -,. Chang YC, Stins MF, McCaffery MJ, Miller GF, Pare DR, Dam T, Paul - Satyaseela M, Kim KS, Kwon - Chung KJ: Cryptococcal yeast cells invade the central nervous system via transcellular penetration of the blood - brain barrier. Infect Immun : -,.

72 Review Article 1. はじめに,,,,,.,,,,,.,,.,.,,,,,.,.,,.,,,,,. 2. キノロンの 歴 史,.,,.,,.,,,,.,,.,,,,,,.,,,.,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,..,,, S- -. R- +, DR -..,,.,. 3. キノロンの 作 用 機 作, DNA II DNA Gy r IVTopoIV. Gyr, A GyrA BGyrB, DNA,,., transitdna, DNA

73 DNA gyrase., GyrA DNA,, DNA. GyrB, ATPase, GyrA. Gyr TopoIV,., AParA BParB, DNA, Gyr,, DNA., Gyr TopoIV.

74 ,,,,,.,, Gyr, TopoIV,,, TopoIV.,,.,,. 4. キノロン 耐 性 機 構, Gyr TopoIV,,, qnr., Gyr TopoIV A GyrA, ParC, QRDA. QRDR,., GyrA ParC QRDR.,,,,,.,,,,.,,,., qnr., Gyr TopoIV,,.,,,. 5. トポイソメレースⅡに 対 する 選 択 毒 性 Gyr TopoIV, DNA,, IITopoII.,.,, TopoII,,., TopoII,.,, II /,. GyrA QRDR

75 6. 今 後 のキノロン 研 究, 特 に 抗 真 菌 活 性 について,.,., DU - adu DX - DX,. DU,,,, DX, des - F,, MRSA DU,.,,.,,..,.,,., C. albicans DU - a B. A :, B, DU mg/kg, mg/kg, mg/ kg. B,., in vitro FIC index,, DU,.,.,, A. fumigatus..,,,. 7. おわりに,,,,..,,.,,.,.,,.,. 8. 引 用 文 献 Sato K, Hoshino K, Tanaka M, Hayakawa I, Osada Y, Nishino T, Mitsuhashi S: Antibacterial activity of new quinolones and their mode of action. Progress in Drug Research : -,. Gellert M, ODea MH, Mizuuchi K, Nash H: DNA gyrase: an enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA : -,. Morrissey I, Hoshino K, Sato K, Yoshida A, Hayakawa I, Bures MG, Shen LL: Mechanisms of different activities of ofloxacin enantiomers. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Tanaka M, Onodera Y, Uchiyama Y, Sato K, Hayakawa I: Inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV purified from Staphylococcus aureus.

76 Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Akasaka T, Tanaka M, Yamaguchi A, Sato K: Type II topoisomerase mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in and. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Poole K, Tetro K, Zhao QX, Neshat S, Heinrichs DE, Neshat S: Multiple antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: evidence for involvement of an efflux operon. J Bacteriol : -,. Jacoby GA, Chow N, Waites KB: Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Hoshino K, Kitamura A, Morrissey I, Sato K, Kato J, Ikeda H: Comparison of inhibition of Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV by quinolones with DNA gyrase inhibition. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Sato K, Hoshino K, Tanaka M, Hayakawa I, Osada Y: Antimicrobial activity of DU-a, a new potent fluoroquinolone against clinical isolates. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother : -,. Fujikawa K, Chiba M, Tanaka M, Sato K: In vitro antibacterial activity of DX-, a novel des-fluoro quinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,. Nakajima R, Kitamura A, Someya K, Tanaka M, Sato K: In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of DU-a, a fluoroquinoloe, in combination with amphotericin B and fluconazole against pathogenic fungi. Antimicrob Agents Chemother : -,.

77 研 究 課 題 Aspergillus fumigatus 研 究 課 題 :,, 研 究 課 題 06-02, 研 究 課 題 06-08,, 研 究 課 題 Thermoascus aurantiacus,, 研 究 課 題 06-04, 研 究 課 題 研 究 課 題 06-06,, 研 究 課 題 研 究 課 題 06-10, 研 究 課 題 06-11,, 研 究 課 題 06-12, 研 究 課 題 Trichophyton tonsurans,,

78 研 究 課 題 06-14, 研 究 課 題 06-15, 研 究 課 題 研 究 課 題 06-17,,, 研 究 課 題 Aspergillus 研 究 課 題 06-22, 研 究 課 題 Fr 研 究 課 題 06-24,,, 研 究 課 題 06-18,, 研 究 課 題 06-19,,,, 研 究 課 題 DHA,,, 研 究 課 題 M. pachydermatis, 研 究 課 題 Candida albicans, 研 究 課 題 Candida tropicalis,

79 研 究 課 題 Aspergillus section Nigri,, 研 究 課 題 Cryptococcus neoformanas, 研 究 課 題 NO, 研 究 課 題 Candida albicans, 研 究 課 題 研 究 課 題 Nocardia 研 究 課 題 top,,,, 研 究 課 題 06-35,,, 研 究 課 題 Aspergillus,,

80 研 究 課 題 05-01,, 研 究 成 果. Ochroconis.,,.,..,., Doty and Slater Ochroconis tshawytschae. ATCC,.,,.,. D/D LSU rrna,.,, Ochroconis. Ochroconis., Lecythophora hoffmannii Medical Mycology. 研 究 発 表 原 著 Sakaeyama S, Sano A, Murata Y, Kamei K, Nishimura K, Hatai K : Lecythophora hoffmannii isolated from a case of canine osteomyelitis in Japan. Med Mycol,, in press. 学 会 発 表,, :., :,,,.

81 研 究 課 題 05-02,,,, 研 究 概 要,,,,.,,.,,.,. Aspergillus spp., Aspergillus spp..,,.,.,, Ochroconis gallopava,,., Scopulariopsis sp.,,,.,,,.

82 研 究 課 題 05-03,,,, 研 究 成 果,. in vitro. buffy coat P. brasiliensis IFN - GM - CSF, IL -., theophylline mm. M., caffeine mm. mm.%,., mm IFN -., M P. brasiliensis.,, P. brasiliensis.,,.

83 研 究 課 題 Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. erinacei,,, 研 究 概 要 Arthroderma benhamiae var. erinacei ABVE. IFM IFM A. benhamiae African race ABAF RV RV, F progeny F, ITS,. ABVE ABAF,,., ABVE ABAF ABAF,,., ABAF, ABVE ABVE ABAF F, ITS,., ABVE ABAF F ITS,, ABVE.. ABVE ABAF, F,. Arthroderma benhamiae var. erinacei A. benhamiae. 研 究 発 表,,,,, : Arthroderma benhamiae var. erinacei A. benhamiae African race F progeny., :,,,.

84 研 究 課 題 05-05, 研 究 成 果,,. ATP,, cytochromes bc.,.,.,,.,., Candida albicans, Crytpococcus neoformans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,,,,., S. cerevisiae,,,,.

85 研 究 課 題 In situ,, 研 究 成 果. Scedosporium apiospermum, Mucor racemosus., digoxigenin bp. A. flavus Accession No.AF, A. flavus paf, Dr. McAlpin CE National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, IL, USA : McAlpin CE. Appl Environ Microbiol. : -,, Okubara PA. Mycol Res. :-,. Blast,., in situ hybridization, A. flavus,.,,,,., PNA LNA,. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表,,,,,. In situ hybridization ISH real - time PCR Aspergillus flavus...,.

86 研 究 課 題 05-07, 研 究 成 果, DNA ITS PCR heteroduplex panel analysis HPA.,. N. botucatensis N. spinosa, N. primulina N. quadricincta, N. udagawae N. aureola,., b. Neosartorya,,. Neosartorya. Aspergillus fumigatus HPA. Neosartorya A. fumigatus HPA.

87 研 究 課 題 05-08,, 研 究 成 果 Candida albicansc. albicans,. STN, SPS,.,., DNA, SPS. Sps - STN Sps + STN RNA, mrna, Cy Cy cdna C. albicans ORF DNA,., STN up - downregulation SPS., PCR,..

88 研 究 課 題 05-09, 研 究 成 果 SS P lanosterol C - demethylase, CYP, Candida albicans CYP., L. amazonensis CYP,., ORF, L. infantum L. major CYP, % %. CYP., CYP, L. amazonensis CYP., L. amazonensis CYP., CYP. 研 究 課 題 05-10,,,, 研 究 成 果,, DNA DNA, Mycobacterium marinum,,.,,.,,,,,.,,.,,.

89 研 究 課 題 05-11,, 研 究 成 果,,,,,. 総 説,,,, : Candida. : -,.,,,, : Candida albicans Quorum - Sensing. : -,. 学 会 発 表,,,, : Candida glabrata GDP - mannose pyrophosphorylase,,,,. Nakayama H, Aoyama T, Cho T, Toyoda M, Watanabe T, Chibana H: Functional analysis of GDPmannose pyrophosphorylase PSA/SRB/VIGgene and its paralogue in Candida glabrata, The th Candida and Candidiasis. Denver,..,,,,, : Candida glabrata PSA, PSA.,,,.,,,, : Candida PHO : TET.,,,. Nakayama H, Chibana H: In vitro and in vivo effect of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase ERG depletion in pathogenic yeast, Candida glabrata, The th Awaji International Forum on Infection and Immunity, Awaji, September -,. Nakayama H, Aoyama T, Cho T, Ueno K, Chibana H: Functional analysis of the genes participated in GDPmannose biosynthesis pathway in pathogenic yeast, Candida glabrata, The th Awaji International Forum on Infection and Immunity, Awaji, September -,.,,,,,, : Candida., :,,,.,,,,,

90 : Candida albicans,, :,,,.,,, : Candida glabrata,, :,,,.,,,,, : Candida glabrata AUS :.,,., Bard, Martin,,, Wu Sung, Hodgson Wesley,,, : Candida glabrata CgAUS,,,.. 研 究 課 題 Aspergillus fumigatus, 研 究 成 果,.,.,,.. gliotoxin,.,. gliotoxin., gliotoxin,. gliotoxin... gliotoxin. gliotoxin. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表,,,,,, : Aspergillus fumigatus,,,,., : Aspergillus fumigatus,,,.

91 研 究 課 題 05-13, 研 究 概 要 BRC,,.,,.,.,,,.,, Aspergillus flavus, Bjerkandera adusta, Eurotium amsteldami, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula sp., Trametes versicolor..

92 研 究 課 題 05-14,, 研 究 成 果 Candida albicans,. DNA,. Candida,, Candida.,. C. albicans, superoxide dismutase SOD. Candida.,.,.,. Amphotericin AmB,,. AmB,.,. AmB, SOD, Candida. Azole. Azole ergosterol. Farnesol FOH, quorum sensing substance. Azole ergosterol, FOH., FOH., FOH. Azole, FOH.,. 研 究 発 表 Vidotto V, Goglio A, Grisis A, Fukushima K, Aoki S, Cannizzo T, Fianchino B: Candida albicans phospholipase activity in different part of the body in immunodepressed patients and healthy subject. nd Trends in Medical Mycology. Oct. -,, Berlin, Germany. Mycoses Suppl. :,. Vidotto V, Ito-kuwa S, Nakamura K, Aoki S, Melhem M, Fukushima K and Bollo E: Extracellular enzymatic activities in Cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from AIDS patients in different countries. Rev Iberoam Micol : -,.

93 研 究 課 題 05-15, 研 究 成 果,,. Penicillium simplicissimum vermistatin meroterpenoids penisimplicin A and B,. Malbranchea filamentosa IFM, vasodilator - Benzyl - - phenyl - H - furan - - on,.. 研 究 発 表 原 著 論 文 Komai S, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Okada K, Campos Takaki GM, Yaguchi T, Takizawa K, Fukushima K, Kawai K: Two new meroterpenoids, penisimplicin A and B, isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum. Chem Pharm Bull : -,. Hosoe T, Iizuka T, Komai S, Wakana D, Itabash T, Nozawa K, Fukushima K, Kawai K: -Benzyl- -phenyl-h-furan--on, a vasodilator isolated from Malbranchea filamentosa IFM. Phytochemistry : -,. Komai S, Hosoe T, Itabashi T, Nozawa K, Yaguchi T, Fukushima K, Kawai K: New vermistatin derivatives isolated from Penicillium simplicissimum. Heterocycles : -,. 学 会 発 表,,,,,, : Penicillium citrinum., p.,,,.,,,,,, : Penicillium simplicissimum IFM., p.,,,.,,,,,, : Malbranchea filamentosa IFM., p.,,,.,,,,,, : Penicillium simplicissimum penicilide., p.,,,.

94 研 究 課 題 Trichosporon asahii,, 研 究 成 果... T. asahii BF.,, in vitro BF., RPMI/MOPS BF. XTT assay, BF planktonic,. 研 究 課 題 Malassezia,,, 研 究 成 果 Malassezia,,.,,., mlna. YM,.,..,.

95 研 究 課 題 05-18,, 研 究 成 果 Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus C. neoformans C. neoformans.,. C. neoformans, S. aureus GXM GXM., S. aureus GXM., C. neoformans DNA,., C. neoformans S. aureus,. S. aureus C. neoformans,. C. neoformans,. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表 Ikeda R, Saito F, Yamaguchi M, and Kawamoto S: Fungal - bacteria interaction: Killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by Staphylococcus aureus and the role of capsular polysaccharide. The sixth international conference on Cryptococcus & Cryptococcosis. Boston, USA, June -,.,,, : Staphylococcus aureus Cryptococcus neoformans., :,,,. Ikeda R, Saito F, Yamaguchi M, and Kawamoto S: Fungus bacteria interactions: killing of Cryptococcus neoformans by the adherence of Staphylococcus aureus. The th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Paris, France,.,,, : Cryptococcus neoformans Staphylococcus : Cryptococcus., :,,,.

96 研 究 課 題 05-19,, 研 究 成 果 SrDNA, Aspergillus.,. A. fumigatus,,. Candida albicans N O,. C. albicans Aspergillus oryzae Fusarium NirK Pnor. Nor Pnor. C. albicans., NO. C. albicans Nor, NO.,.,,. 研 究 課 題 Thermoascus aurantiacus,,, 研 究 成 果 研 究 目 的 CA,., CA- AOD,. Thermoascus aurantiacus,

97 .,, CA.,,, CA, H O, AOD, AOD. AOD,,.,, AOD H O CA.,, CA AOD,,,. 方 法 および 結 果 T. aurantiacus GOD, AOD, UOD., AOD UOD,, AOD, UOD.,, AOD, UOD. CAT,., CAT-AOD,,.,, AOD, AOD., UOD. Aspergillus niger CAT-GOD %, T. aurantiacus CAT AOD, %, %, %, %,.,,, CAT, %,.,,,,.,,,. 研 究 発 表,,,,, : Thermoascus aurantiacus..,,.

98 研 究 課 題 05-21,, 研 究 成 果 N. transvalensis IFM,, transvalencin A., Corynebacterium xerosis,. NMR MS,, N -, transvalencin Z.,. nocobactin mycobactin,., Nocardia. 研 究 発 表 原 著 論 文 Mukai A, Fukai T, Matsumoto Y, Ishikawa J, Hoshino Y, Yazawa K, Harada K, Mikami Y: Transvalencin Z, a new antimicrobial compound with salicylic acid residue from Nocardia transvalensis IFM. J Antibiot : -,. Fig. transvalencin Z

99 研 究 課 題 05-22, 研 究 成 果,,,.,,.,,.,,,.,. GRP GRP,.,., GRP., GRP, GRP., GRP ERSE,,., GRP,., GPCR G - protein coupled receptor,. GPCR,, -,., - GFP,.,.

100 研 究 課 題 Nocardia, 研 究 成 果, isopentenyl diphosphate, MEP,.,,. N. farcinica,,.,.,,,,,., Streptomyces lividans,,.

101 研 究 課 題 05-24, 研 究 成 果 Penicillum citrinum Perinadine A, Gliocladium sp., Nocardia brasiliensis, Dictyodendrilla sp..,. 研 究 発 表 原 著 論 文 Komatsu K, Tsuda M, Tanaka Y, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J: SAR studies of brasilicardin A for immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activities. Bioorg Med Chem : -,. Tsuda M, Sasaki M, Mugishima T, Komatsu K, Sone T, Tanaka M, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J: Scalusamides A C, new pyrrolidine alkaloids from marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum. J Nat Prod : -,. Tsuda M, Yamakawa M, Oka S, Tanaka Y, Hoshino Y, Mikami Y, Sato A, Fujiwara H, Ohizumi Y, Kobayashi J: Brasilibactin A, a new cytotoxic compound from actinomycete Nocardia brasiliensis J Nat Prod : -,. Kasai Y, Komatsu K, Shigemori H, Tsuda M, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J: Cladionol A, new polyketide glycoside from marine-derived fungus Gliocladium species J Nat Prod : -,. Tsuda M, Takahashi Y, Fromont J, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J: Dendridine A, new bis-indole alkaloid from marine sponge Dictyodendrilla species J Nat Prod : -,. Sasaki M, Tsuda M, Sekiguchi M, Mikami Y, Kobayashi J: Perinadine A, a novel tetracyclic alkaloid from marine-derived fungus Penicillium citrinum. Org Lett : -,.

102 研 究 課 題 05-25,,, 研 究 概 要,.,,,.,,,.,,. GenBank. Prototheca wickerhamii,.

103 研 究 課 題 :,,, 研 究 概 要 non - albicans Candida spp. NAC.,.,,, Trusiops truncatus NAC.,,, IDC rrna D/D. C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. zeylanoides, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. NCCLS,., C. zeylanoides,, C. albicans C. norvegenesis., NAC.,,,,.. 研 究 発 表 原 著 論 文,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, :. : -,. Murata Y, Sano A, Ueda Y, Inomata T, Takayama A, Poonwan N, Nanthawan M, Mikami Y, Miyaji M, Nishimura K, Kamei K: Molecular epidemiology of canine histoplasmosis in Japan. Med Mycol,, in press. 学 会 発 表,,,, Itano Eiko Nakagwa,,,,,, : non- albicans Candida spp., :,,,.

104 研 究 課 題 05-27,, 研 究 成 果,,.,,,.,, Eurotium,, Mucor, Fusarium.,.,.,,.

105 研 究 課 題 05-28,, 研 究 成 果,,.,,., Chrysosporium.,.,,.,,,. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表,,,, :.,,,.,,,, :,.,,,.

106 研 究 課 題 05-29,, 研 究 成 果 EGCg - - epigallo - catechin - - O- gallate Candida C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis C. krusei, C. guilliermondii, C. dubliniensisi MIC., EGCg C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis C. krusei, C. guilliermondii fluconazole. C. glabrata itraconazole MIC.,. 研 究 発 表 原 著 論 文 Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K: Antifungal susceptibilityof epigallocatechin -O-gallateEGCgon clinical isolates of pathogenic yeasts. Biochem Bioph Res Comm : -,. 学 会 発 表 Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K: Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -O-gallateEGCgon Candida species for biomedical materials and devices. th Asian Symposium on Biomedical Materials, Jeju Island, Korea, August -,. Park BJ, Park JC, Taguchi H, Fukushima K, Hyon SH, Takatori K: Antifungal activity of epigallocatechin -O-gallateEGCgagainst Candida albicans and nonalbicans Candida spp. :,,,.

107 研 究 課 題 05-30,, 研 究 概 要,. Saccharomyces cerevisiae,,,,, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans,.,,,,,,,,, C. neoformans. C. neoformans,.,,,,.,,,., C. neoformans,,,,,,., C. neoformans. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表 Kawamoto S, Ohkusu M, Virtudazo E, Yamanaka Y, Watanabe K, Sonoda T, Hirano H, Okuda K, Takeo K : Cryptococcus neoformans proteome and cell regulation. nd Trends in Medical Mycology. Berlin Germany, October -,. Kawamoto S, Ohkusu M, Yamanaka Y, Watanabe K, Sonoda T, Hirano H, Okuda K, Takeo K : Molecular analysis of Cryptococcus neoformans cell regulation.,,,.

108 研 究 課 題 05-31,, 研 究 成 果,,,.,,., Fusarium oxysporum.,,.,. :,, F. oxysporum., F. oxysporum TEM.,,,. :, Ni + Cd +.,,,,. TEM, Ni + Cd +.,.

109 研 究 課 題 Trichophyton tonsurans,,, 研 究 概 要 Trichophyton tonsurans,,,,.,,.,,.,,,,,,. Trichophyton tonsurans hairbrush. PBS,.,,..,,.,,.

110 研 究 課 題 05-33,, 研 究 成 果,.,.,,.,,,.,,.,,.,.,, Raffaelea quercivora.,,.,,.,,.,.,, Beauveria bassiana.,,. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表,,, :., p.,,,.

111 研 究 課 題 05-34,, 研 究 成 果,,,. ribosomal RNA ITS D/D Strobilurus.,, NMR MALDI - TOF - MS, mucidin strobilurin A.,.. 研 究 発 表 学 会 発 表,,,, : Penicillum pseudcitrinum.,,,,.,,,,, : Penicillum pseudcitrinum., :,,,.,,, : Alkenylbenzene., :,,,.

112 研 究 課 題 Coccidioides TOP 2,,, 研 究 成 果,. Coccidioides immitis C. posadasii,.,. TOP TRF, Coccidioides PCR. C. immitis C. posadasii. TOP degenerate CDF - CDR PCR, DNA PtopF - ItopF - PItopR. TRF Candida Coccidioides degenerate ctrff - ctrfr, PCR, DNA PtrfF - ItrfF - PItrfR. Mix,. Mix ITS Mix, Coccidioides.,.,, PCR.,, :,.

113 研 究 課 題 DNA,, 研 究 成 果 背 景 目 的,.,, DNA. DNA DNA,,,,.,,,.. DNA,,.,.,. 方 法 結 果, TCA -. Aspergillus oryzae Maeda et al; Transcriptional analysis of genes for energy catabolism and hydrolytic enzymes in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae using cdna microarrays and expressed sequence tags ESTs Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 65: -,..,. A. oryzae mrna, Cy - cdna. cdna, x SSC,. % SDS. Tm,,, M Betaine % DMSO.,., Betaine, DMSO.., DNA, Tm.,,,

114 . 特 許 出 願 -,, -,,

115 1 ) 第 3 回 真 菌 分 子 細 胞 研 究 会 ジョイント 開 催 感 染 症 ワークショップ in 千 葉,,,,.,,,.,,,, in.,,. : : A B : : :,,,,,,,, 招 待 講 演, : : 一 般 演 題 : Candida glabrata DNA : Candida albicans : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp : Nocardia : Histoplasma Virtudazo Eric : Analysis of cell cycle control genes in Cryptococcus neoformans : Candida albicans Lamping Erwin Otago University, NZ: Studying drug resistance mechanisms of pathogenic fungi : ABC : : : C. glabrata S. cerevisiae : Candida glabrata : Candida glabrata AUS

116 : Candida glabrata : Exophiala Cryptococcus : Aspergillus section Fumigati : : Candida albicans FAD DNA real - time PCR transcriptome : Candida : farnesol : ABC 2 ) 小 動 物 真 菌 症 症 例 検 討 会 :, :,,,,,, : :,. <プログラム> :. Microsporum canis. Chaetomium globosum. Large Granular Lymphoma. FIV : Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, :. Lecythophora hoffmannii,. :,,,,,,. : Rag Pneumocystis carinii,,,,,,,,.

117 Forefront of taxonomy, epidemiology, and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi and related taxa,,.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,.,,,,.,,,,.,,.,,,,,,.,,,. シンポジウムプログラム 9th International Symposium of the Research Center for Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses (RC- PFMT), Chiba University Title: Forefront of taxonomy, epidemiology and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi and related taxa Date: Friday, December, Location: Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba - Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku. Chiba -, Japan Chairman: Kazutaka Fukushima RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Admission Free : Opening address: Yuzuru Mikami RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ : : Dermatophytes and related taxa Chairpersons: Randolph S Currah Yvone Graeser Yvone Graeser Humboldt Univ, Germany Epidemiological studies in selected dermatophyte species using microsatellite markers Randolph S Currah Univ Alberta, Canada The Onygenales: years of flux and evolution in taxonomic concepts. Paride Abliz Xinjiang Med Univ, China Epidemiology and biodiversity of human pathogenic fungi in Xinjiang, China Rui Kano Nihon Univ, Japan Animal dermatomycoses : : Coffee break : : NBRP-pathogenic microorganisms Chairperson: Katsuhiko Kamei RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Hideaki Sugawara Natl Inst Genetics, Japan A union of pathogenic microorganisms collections moves ahead in the National BioResource Project in Japan : : Lunch : : Poster presentation by the National BioResource Project Pathogenic Microorganisms Takeshi Honda & Yoh Myonsun RIMD Osaka Univ Chihiro Sasakawa & Hitomi Mimuro IMS Univ Tokyo Takayuki Ezaki Gifu Univ

118 Yoshimi Benno & Masako Takashima BRC-JCM Riken Hiroji Kanbara & Tetsuo Yanagi ITM Nagasaki Univ Yuzuru Mikami, Kazutaka Fukushima & Katsuhiko Kamei RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ : : New emerging pathogens Chairpersons: Josep Guarro Xi Liyan Josep Guarro Rovira i Virgili Univ, Spain Genetic and phenotypic diversity in Pseudallescheria Xi Liyan Sun Yat-Sen Univ, China The new emerging opportunistic pathogen in China Koji Yokoyama RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic fungi based on mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. : : Aspergillus Chairpersons: Robert A Samson Masayuki Machida Robert A Samson CBS, Netherlands Biodiversity of the genus Aspergillus in view of new taxonomic concepts Masayuki MachidaAIST, Japan Comparative analysis of Aspergillus oryzae genome with those from Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans Takashi Yaguchi RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Polyphasic classification on Aspergillus section Fumigati : : Coffee break : : Pathogenic yeasts and Mucorales Chairpersons: Galba M Campos-Takaki Vladislav Raclavsky Galba M Campos-Takaki UNICAP, Brazil Factors influencing the chitin and chitosan production by mucoralean fungi Vladislav Raclavský Palacký Univ, Czech McRAPD as a new tool to pathogenic yeast identification and typing Motofumi Suzuki BRC-JCM Riken, Japan Molecular taxonomy of medically important ascomycetous yeasts : Closing address Kazutaka Fukushima RC- PFMT, Chiba Univ Organizing Committee Yoshimi BENNO BRC-JCM, Riken Takayuki EZAKIGifu Univ Toshimitsu FUKIHARU Natl Hist Mus Inst, Chiba Kazutaka F UKUSHIMA RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ, Chairman Takeshi HONDA Osaka Univ Yoshikazu HORIE Natl Hist Mus Inst, Chiba Katsuhiko KAMEI RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Hiroji KANBARA Nagasaki Univ Susumu KAWAMOTO RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Yuzuru MIKAMI RC-PFMT, Chiba Univ Fumio NOMURAGrad Sch Med, Chiba Univ Chihiro SASAKAWA Univ Tokyo Hideaki SUGAWARA Natl Inst Genetics Masaki TAKIGUCHI Grad Sch Med, Chiba Univ Local Executive Committee of RC-PFMT, Chiba University Hiroji CHIBANA Kazutaka FUKUSHIMA, Chairman Tohru GONOI Emiko ITO Katsuhiko KAMEI Susumu KAWAMOTO, Vice-chairman Nobuyuki KURITA Yuzuru MIKAMI Motoko OARADA Ayako SANO Kiminori SHIMIZU Hideaki TAGUCHI Reiko TANAKA Jun UNO Takashi YAGUCHI Masashi YAMAGUCHI Koji YOKOYAMA, Secretariat Secretariat Koji YOKOYAMA

119 ,.,,,., in,. 感 染 症 ワークショップ in 千 葉, A B : : IL-, DOCK virulence factors : :

120 :,.,,.,. : : : : : :,,,,,,,,, Malassezia, Trichosporon,

121 ,,.,. : : :,,,,,.,,,,,,.,.,,,,.,,.,,,.,,,.,,,,,,.,,,.

122 : : : R.M.Kroppenstedt Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen The Actinomycetes-our Friends and Enemoes : : Maria Francisca Colom Valiente Miguel Hernandez Molecular typing of pathogenic Cryptococcus : : Gyorgy Vargha Degradation of mineral oil by selected bacteria of Actinomycetales : : Matthias Sipiczki General transcription regulators Mediator and SAGAand fork - head transcription factors in the regulation of S. pombe cytokinesis. : : Gyorgy Vargha ADP - ribosylation of Streptomycin, a recent type of antibiotic resistance : : : : Takao Kasuga Phase-specific gene expression underlying morphological adaptations of the dimorphic human pathogenic fungus, Coccidioides posadasii :

123 : : : Virtudazo Eric,

124 編 集 委 員 会 川 本 進 ( 分 子 機 能 研 究 部 門 機 能 形 態 分 野 委 員 長 ) 佐 野 文 子 ( 病 原 真 菌 研 究 部 門 真 菌 感 染 分 野 ) 五 ノ 井 透 ( 病 原 真 菌 研 究 部 門 系 統 化 学 分 野 ) 横 山 耕 治 ( 病 原 真 菌 研 究 部 門 真 菌 資 源 開 発 分 野 ) 山 口 正 視 ( 分 子 機 能 研 究 部 門 機 能 形 態 分 野 ワーキンググループ 長 ) 知 花 博 治 ( 分 子 機 能 研 究 部 門 高 分 子 活 性 分 野 ) - -

125 CHIBA UNIVERSITY 2006