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1 Ψ Ψ -1-

2 Tibout Peterson

3 /3 override -3-

4 Reed

5 Lindblom and Woodhouse

6 Status Quo 3 Wilson

7

8 SNA SNA :462 93SNA

9 TSCS Time-Series-Cross-Section TSCS TSCS 2003 Newey West HAC Heteroscedasticity-Autocorrelation-Consistent -9-

10 White

11 %

12

13 Ramseyer and Rosenbluth

14 Variable Obs Mean Std. Dev. Min Max ,333 1,097, ,840 7,852,

15 * * (1.800) (0.020) (1.670) (0.120) (0.560) (-0.070) *** * ** (1.450) (3.720) (-0.530) (-1.790) (-0.990) (-2.160) ** *** 0.547*** (1.140) (2.000) (-0.580) (2.850) (2.910) (0.500) -0.08** *** *** *** (-2.580) (-2.970) (-0.290) (-4.480) (-4.050) (-0.950) ** (0.320) (-2.450) (0.540) (-0.920) (-1.320) (-0.480) *** *** *** *** ** * (-4.760) (-4.050) (-2.610) (-3.420) (-2.010) (-1.890) *** *** ** ** (-2.650) (-4.000) (-0.230) (-2.220) (-1.970) (-0.370) ** 0.071** *** (1.340) (-0.660) (2.180) (2.040) (0.950) (2.950) * (0.160) (-0.740) (0.690) (1.790) (1.140) (1.570) ** (-0.220) (1.280) (-1.470) (1.160) (2.030) (-0.680) * (0.680) (0.970) (0.120) (1.390) (1.820) (0.260) -0.28*** ** *** (-6.040) (-2.470) (-5.120) (-0.670) (-0.580) (-1.250) 0.016*** 0.019*** 0.013*** 0.009*** 0.012*** 0.005*** (7.600) (7.850) (3.910) (5.630) (5.800) (2.730) 0.064*** 0.059*** 0.07*** *** *** (8.310) (4.910) (6.290) (-4.830) (-4.770) (-1.130) *** -0.11** *** *** -0.12*** *** (-3.000) (-2.450) (-2.700) (-6.250) (-3.480) (-5.940) *** *** *** *** *** *** (-8.850) (-8.430) (-4.730) ( ) ( ) (-7.180) 0.000** 0.000** *** 0.000*** (2.480) (2.160) (1.260) (-2.600) (-3.120) (-0.560) N Adjusted R *** 1% ** 5% * 10% t -15-

16 (-0.640) (-0.250) (-0.820) (1.030) (1.330) (-0.270) (0.300) (0.330) (0.230) (0.050) (0.080) (0.270) (-0.650) (-0.130) (-0.980) (0.220) (0.130) (0.560) (0.560) (0.490) (0.400) (1.150) (1.340) (-0.070) (-0.830) (-1.010) (-0.780) (0.010) (-0.910) (0.370) (1.380) (0.710) (1.230) (0.510) (0.310) (0.170) (0.300) (-0.560) (0.930) (0.030) (0.390) (-0.380) (0.230) (-0.110) (0.620) (-0.290) (-0.220) (-0.580) (0.110) (-0.370) (0.540) (-0.390) (-0.450) (-0.140) 0.019** ** (2.420) (1.340) (2.160) (1.170) (1.040) (0.700) (0.230) (0.340) (-0.060) (1.140) (1.330) (0.100) N Adjusted R *** 1% ** 5% * 10% t -16-

17 pp : : pp (1989) : : : : : : : pp : Lindblom, C. E. and E. J. Woodhouse 1993 The Policy-Making Process, 3 rd ed. Pretince-Hall Inc. Reed, Steven R. [1986] Japanese Prefectures and Policymaking. The University of Pittsburgh Press. Wilson, J. Q Bureaucracy: What Government Agencies Do and Why They Do it, NY: Basic Books. -17-

18 -18-

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