TBS 基本 2 : Dependency Exemptions Becker Online 演習ソフト (R1) Simulation 2-6 Exemptions For each item below, please indicate how many personal exemptions

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1 Simulation Questions 2012 年秋冬入学本科生コースより 以下黄色ハイライトの問題を追加しています Simulation は 細かいことに囚われず 理解で得点を稼ぐ! SIMULATION 対策基本問題集 2013 edition Becker Online 演習ソフト収録の AICPA Released Simulation 以外の Task-Based Simulation 問題及び Multiple Choice として収録されている問題に必要に応じてアレンジを加えたものを日本語ポイント 解説付きで掲載しています また 試験傾向を基に作成した TAC Becker の予想問題も掲載しています なお これらの問題に追加して 直前期 :Simulation 対策総まとめ講義にて総仕上げ用の難易度の高い Simulation 問題と AICPA Released Simulation 直近 8 年分を演習します 少なくとも下表の灰色網掛けの問題はしっかりマスターしておきましょう TBS 基本 1 Form 1040 (GI まで ) S-4 TBS 基本 18 Like-Kind Exchange 12 S-80 TBS 基本 2 Exemptions S-10 TBS 基本 19 Installment Sale 1 S-88 TBS 基本 3 Taxability S-12 Sec.1231,1245, TBS 基本 4 Gross Income 12 S-14 TBS 基本 5 Sole Proprietor S-22 TBS 基本 6 MACRS Depr. 12 S-26 TBS 基本 7 AGI S-32 TBS 基本 8 Deductions 12 S-34 TBS 基本 20 Stock Option 123 S-94 TBS 基本 21 Form 1065 S-110 TBS 基本 22 Partnership 12 S-120 TBS 基本 23 Form 1120 S-124 TBS 基本 24 Penalties S-134 TBS 基本 9 Office in Home 1 S-38 TBS 基本 25 E&P S-136 Rental of Vacation Home 2 TBS 基本 26 C Corporation 1~6 S-140 TBS 基本 10 Schedule A S-42 TBS 基本 11 Charitable Contribution S-48 TBS 基本 12 Adjustments vs. Deduction S-50 TBS 基本 13 Medical Expenses S-54 TBS 基本 14 AMT S-56 TBS 基本 27 Form 1120S S-158 TBS 基本 28 DNI Calc. S-166 TBS 基本 29 Gift Tax 12 S-168 TBS 基本 30 Estate Tax 12 S-174 TBS 基本 15 Vick s Form 1040 S-58 TBS 基本 16 Basis S-66 TBS 基本 17 Capital Gain Calc 1 Wash Sale 2 S-76 該当論点のポイントを直前対策まとめで再度整理 してから解くと非常に効率的かつ効果的です!

2 TBS 基本 2 : Dependency Exemptions Becker Online 演習ソフト (R1) Simulation 2-6 Exemptions For each item below, please indicate how many personal exemptions are available to the taxpayer(s). All parties reside in the United States. Item 1. Bob is single and supports his three dogs. He has no other dependents. 2. Mary is single and fully supports her 22 year old daughter Jill, who graduated from full-time college in May and lives with Mary. Jill earned $5,000 by working part-time jobs during the year. 3. Amy and Jack are married and file a joint return. They support their 5 year old son and Amy s father, who has no income and lives alone in a separate home purchased by Amy and Jack. 4. Dave and Mary are married and file a joint return. Dave's fraternity brother from college, Mark, lived with them for the entire year. Mark earned $6,000 from odd jobs during the year and is supported more than 50% by Dave and Mary. 5. Dave and Mary are married and file a joint return. Dave's fraternity brother from college, Mark, lived with them for the entire year. Mark has no income and is supported more than 50% by Dave and Mary. 6. Jane is single and supports her three children. Karen, is age 4 and in preschool. Seth is age 20 and lives away from home at college. He maintains his mother's house as his permanent address. Tom is age 25 and in medical school. He earned $10,000 in wages during the year. Total Exemptions Solution 1. One. Bob is allowed an exemption for himself, but not the dogs because pets do not qualify as dependents for tax purposes. Bob 氏 ( 納税者 ) 本人の分のみ ペットは 扶養家族とはならない 申告資格は Single 2. Two. Mary is allowed an exemption for herself and Jill, who is her dependent. Jill is a "qualifying child" under CARES. She is a fulltime student under the age of 24. The gross income test is eliminated under CARES. Note that by graduating in May, Jill is a fulltime student for at least parts of 5 different months during the year and she meets the definition of fulltime student for dependency purposes. Mary 氏 ( 納税者 ) 本人 +CARESの要件を満たす娘 Jill (22 歳 ) = 合計 2 人分 申告資格はH of HまたはSingle 娘 Jill (22 歳 ) は 24 歳未満のフルタイムの学生 (= 当課税年度中の5ヵ月間に渡って教育機関にフルタイムで通学している者 ) である アルバイトで $5,000のGIがあるが 所得制限は適用されない 子供 C A R (E) S 所得制限 Jill(22 歳 ) ナシ 3. Four. Amy and Jack are allowed two exemptions for themselves and two more for their two dependents. Their 5 year old son is a "qualifying child" under CARES. Amy s father is a "qualifying relative" under SINCRO. Note that because he is a close relative, he does not need to live with Amy and Jack. 夫婦 2 人分 ( MFJ)+CARES の要件を満たす息子 (5 歳 ) +SINCRO の要件を満たす父親 = 合計 4 人分 S-10

3 Amy の父親は 当該夫婦が購入した別宅に 1 人で住んでおり 所得がない ( 当該夫婦から生活費の 50% 超の援助を受けているであろう ) 3 親等以内の親族 (relative) であるため 同居している必要はない SINCRO の要件を満たす それ以外 S I N C R O Bill Amy の父親 n/a n/a 4. Two. Dave and Mary are together allowed two exemptions for themselves. Mark does not qualify as a dependent because, although he does live with Dave and Mary and they do support him, his income of $6,000 is more than the allowed amount for a "qualifying relative". 夫婦 2 人分のみ ( MFJ) Dave の Fraternity brother( 学生時代の友人 ) は 当該夫婦と同居しており生活費の 50% 超の援助を受けているが $5,000 の所得があり 所得制限にひっかかる SINCRO の要件を満たさない それ以外 S I N C R O Mark 同居の友人 $5,000 n/a n/a 5. Three. Dave and Mary are together allowed two exemptions for themselves. Mark does qualify as a dependent. He does live with Dave and Mary, and they do support him. Because he has no income, there is nothing that disqualifies him as a "qualifying relative". Note that even a non-relative can be a "qualifying relative" if the non-relative lives with the taxpayer the whole year. 夫婦 2 人分 ( MFJ)+SINCRO の要件を満たす友人 = 合計 3 人分 上記 4 番との問題設定の違いは Dave の Fraternity brother( 学生時代の友人 ) に所得がないという点である 所得がなければ SINCRO の要件を満たす それ以外 S I N C R O Mark 同居の友人 $0 n/a n/a 6. Three. Jane is allowed an exemption for herself and two of the children qualify as her dependents. Karen is a "qualifying child" under CARES. Seth also is a "qualifying child" under CARES. Note that temporary absences for education are allowed under the residency requirement. Tom is not a dependent because under CARES he is too old to be a "qualifying child" (under age 19 at the end of the year; or under age 24 at the end of the year and a full-time student during the year; or permanently and totally disabled at any time during the year, regardless of age). Furthermore, he is not a qualifying relative under SINCRO because his gross income is not less than the exemption amount for the year. Jane 氏は 3 人の子供を持つシングルマザー Jane 氏 ( 納税者 ) 本人 +CARES の要件を満たす 2 人の子供 = 合計 3 人分 申告資格は H of H 次男 Seth (20 歳 ) は 大学に通うため別居しているが 一時的な別居 (temporary absences) の規定により CARES の同居の要件を満たす 長男 Tom (25 歳 ) は 医学部に通う学生であるが 24 歳未満ではないため CARES の要件を満たさない また $10,000 の所得があり SINCRO の要件も満たさない 子供 C A R (E) S 所得制限 Karen(4 歳 ) ナシ所得制限 Seth(20 歳 ) ナシ所得制限 ナシ Tom(25 歳 ) S I N C R O n/a n/a - $10,000 S-11

4 TBS 基本 19: Installment Sale 1 Sec.1231,1245, Annie Large, a cash method taxpayer, sells machinery, which is subject to a mortgage of $50,000 to Bob for $200,000. He purchased the machinery several years before, for $70,000 and $10,000 of MACRS depreciation has been deducted before the sale. Bob assumes the mortgage of $50,000 and pays $10,000 down, and agrees to pay $10,000 per year for 14 years plus interest at a rate acceptable to the IRS. Selling expenses are $13,000. Enter the appropriate value in the shaded fields of form Form Installment Sale 1 Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Name(s) shown on return Annie Large Installment Sale Income Attach to your tax return. Use a separate form for each sale or other disposition of property on the installment method. OMB No Attachment Sequence No. 79 Identifying number Description of property Machinery 2a Date acquired (month, day, year) XX / XX / XX b Date sold (month, day, year) XX / XX / XX 3 Was the property sold to a related party (see instructions) after May 14, 1980? If No, skip line Yes No 4 Was the property you sold to a related party a marketable security? If Yes, complete Part III. If No, complete Part III for the year of sale and the 2 years after the year of sale Yes No Part I Gross Profit and Contract Price. Complete this part for the year of sale only. 5 Selling price including mortgages and other debts. Do not include interest whether stated or unstated 5 6 Mortgages, debts, and other liabilities the buyer assumed or took the property subject to (see instructions) Subtract line 6 from line Cost or other basis of property sold Depreciation allowed or allowable Adjusted basis. Subtract line 9 from line Commissions and other expenses of sale Income recapture from Form 4797, Part III (see instructions) Add lines 10, 11, and Subtract line 13 from line 5. If zero or less, do not complete the rest of this form (see instructions) If the property described on line 1 above was your main home, enter the amount of your excluded gain (see instructions). Otherwise, enter Gross profit. Subtract line 15 from line Subtract line 13 from line 6. If zero or less, enter Contract price. Add line 7 and line Part II Installment Sale Income. Complete this part for the year of sale and any year you receive a payment or have certain debts you must treat as a payment on installment obligations. 19 Gross profit percentage. Divide line 16 by line 18. For years after the year of sale, see instructions If this is the year of sale, enter the amount from line 17. Otherwise, enter Payments received during year (see instructions). Do not include interest, whether stated or unstated Add lines 20 and Payments received in prior years (see instructions). Do not include interest, whether stated or unstated Installment sale income. Multiply line 22 by line Enter the part of line 24 that is ordinary income under the recapture rules (see instructions) Subtract line 25 from line 24. Enter here and on Schedule D or Form 4797 (see instructions) S-88

5 Solution 次のステップに沿って Annie 氏が売却した年度に提出する Form6252 を作成してみよう STEP 1: 粗利益 (gross profit) を計算する 粗利益は 一般に 売却価格 (selling price) から売却費用 (cost of sales) 及び資産の adjusted basis を差し引いて求める 但し 事業用資産に関しては Depreciation recapture (Sec.1245: ordinary income recapture) を考慮しなければならない Depreciation recapture (= ordinary income recapture) は売却した年度に認識しなければならないため Gross profit の計算では差し引かれることになる Amount realized $187,000 (Selling price$200,000 - Selling expense$13,000) Adjusted basis of machinery 60,000 (Original cost$70,000 - Depreciation deducted $10,000) Depreciation recapture(sec. 1245) 10,000 (Recaptured as ordinary income) Gross profit 117,000 (which is sec 1231 gain; capital gain) Step 2: 粗利益率 (gross profit percentage) を計算する 粗利益率は 粗利益 (gross profit) 契約売却価格 (contract price) で求められる 契約売却価格 (contract price) とは 売買契約で 売り手が受け取ることになる元本の金額 (Principal $150,000= Down $10, 回払い $140,000) をいう 契約売却価格 (contract price) には 買い手に引き受けてもらった売り手の負債額は含まれない 契約売却価格 (contract price) は 厳密には 売却価格 (selling price) とは異なるので注意しよう Contract price = Selling price $200,000 minus mortgage assumed by purchaser $50,000 = $150,000 Gross profit percentage = Gross profit $117,000 Contract price $150,000 = 78% Step 3: 売却した年度に認識する利得 (gain) の金額を計算する Principal collected in the year $10,000 (down) Gross profit percentage 78% Gross profit 7,800 + Depreciation recapture* 10,000 (ordinary income) Gain recognized in year of sale 17,800 * 売却した年度に Depreciation recapture (Sec.1245: ordinary income recapture) を全額認識しなければならない 上記計算式で加算 < 参考 > 翌年以降に認識すべき利得 (gain) は 下記のように計算される Principal collected $10,000 (14 回払い ) Gross profit percentage 78% Gross profit 7,800 最終的に認識される利得 (gain) の合計額は $17,800+($7, 回払い )= $127,000 となる これは 粗利益 (gross profit) $117,000 (Sec 1231 gain; capital gain) に Depreciation recapture (ordinary income) を加算した金額であり つまり 通常の売却損益の計算式で求められる Realized gain の金額である S-89

6 Form Department of the Treasury Internal Revenue Service Name(s) shown on return Annie Large Installment Sale Income Attach to your tax return. Use a separate form for each sale or other disposition of property on the installment method. OMB No Attachment Sequence No. 79 Identifying number Description of property Machinery 2a Date acquired (month, day, year) XX / XX / XX b Date sold (month, day, year) XX / XX / XX 3 Was the property sold to a related party (see instructions) after May 14, 1980? If No, skip line Yes No 4 Was the property you sold to a related party a marketable security? If Yes, complete Part III. If No, complete Part III for the year of sale and the 2 years after the year of sale Yes No Part I Gross Profit and Contract Price. Complete this part for the year of sale only. 5 Selling price including mortgages and other debts. Do not include interest whether stated or unstated 5 200,000 6 Mortgages, debts, and other liabilities the buyer assumed or took the property subject to (see instructions) ,000 7 Subtract line 6 from line ,000 8 Cost or other basis of property sold ,000 9 Depreciation allowed or allowable , Adjusted basis. Subtract line 9 from line , Commissions and other expenses of sale , Income recapture from Form 4797, Part III (see instructions) 12 10, Add lines 10, 11, and , Subtract line 13 from line 5. If zero or less, do not complete the rest of this form (see instructions) , If the property described on line 1 above was your main home, enter the amount of your excluded gain (see instructions). Otherwise, enter Gross profit. Subtract line 15 from line , Subtract line 13 from line 6. If zero or less, enter Contract price. Add line 7 and line ,000 Part II Installment Sale Income. Complete this part for the year of sale and any year you receive a payment or have certain debts you must treat as a payment on installment obligations. 19 Gross profit percentage. Divide line 16 by line 18. For years after the year of sale, see instructions 19 78% 20 If this is the year of sale, enter the amount from line 17. Otherwise, enter Payments received during year (see instructions). Do not include interest, whether stated or unstated 21 10, Add lines 20 and , Payments received in prior years (see instructions). Do not include interest, whether stated or unstated Installment sale income. Multiply line 22 by line , Enter the part of line 24 that is ordinary income under the recapture rules (see instructions) , Subtract line 25 from line 24. Enter here and on Schedule D or Form 4797 (see instructions) , 行目には 24 行目の金額うち 通常所得 (ordinary income) として Recapture の対象となる金額を記入することになるが この問題では 24 行目 :$7,800 < 25 行目 :$10,000 という設定のため 26 行目には $17,800 と記入する S-90

7 NOTES S-91

8 Sec.1231,1245, Becker Online 演習ソフト (R3) Simulation 3-5 Pat Davis sold the following assets during the year. Pat purchased these assets more than one year ago. The depreciation on the building was straight-line. Description Selling Price Cost Accumulated Depreciation Office Furniture $5,500 $6,000 $3,400 Equipment $3,900 $3,000 $2,200 Building $75,000 $102,000 $23,000 Fill in all of the shaded boxes below for Recognized gain/loss, Section 1245 recapture, Section 1250 recapture, and Section 1231 gain/loss. Place a zero in any box that does not apply. 1. Office Furniture 2. Equipment 3. Building 4. Totals Recognized Gain/Loss Section 1245 Recapture Section 1250 Recapture Section 1231 Gain/Loss Solution Recognized Gain/Loss Section 1245 Recapture Section 1250 Recapture Section 1231 Gain/Loss 1. Office Furniture $2,900 $2,900 $0 $0 2. Equipment $3,100 $2,200 $0 $ Building ($4,000) $0 $0 ($4,000) 4. Totals $2,000 $5,100 $0 ($3,100) 1. Office Furniture $2,900, $2,900, $0, $0. The adjusted basis is $2,600 ($6,000 cost $3,400 A/D). Selling price of $5,500 less $2,600 adjusted basis = $2,900 recognized gain. Office furniture is Section 1245 property; so, recognized gain is recaptured as ordinary income up to total accumulated depreciation. The accumulated depreciation of $3,400 exceeds the recognized gain of $2,900. So the entire $2,900 recognized gain is recaptured as ordinary income. Office furniture is not Section 1250 property. Therefore, there is no Section 1250 recapture. Because the recognized gain is reported as ordinary income under the Section 1245 recapture provision, there is no Section 1231 gain. Sec.1245 asset の売却等から認識したゲインについては 過去の全ての減価償却額を限度に 通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱う Original basis $6,000 Sale price $5,500 All accumulated depr. $3,400 $2,900 Ordinary income (Sec gain) Recognized gain $2,900 Adjusted basis $2,600 Adjusted basis S-92

9 2. Equipment $3,100, $2,200, $0, $900. The adjusted basis is $800 ($3,000 cost $2,200 A/D). Selling price of $3,900 less $800 adjusted basis = $3,100 recognized gain. Equipment is Section 1245 property; so the recognized gain is recaptured as ordinary income up to total accumulated depreciation. Because the recognized gain of $3,100 exceeds the accumulated depreciation of $2,200, a gain of $2,200 is recaptured as ordinary income. Equipment is not Section 1250 property; therefore, there is no Section 1250 recapture. Because only $2,200 of the $3,100 recognized gain is reported as ordinary income under the Section 1245 recapture provision, the remaining recognized gain of $900 is reported as a Section 1231 gain. Sale price $3,900 Original basis $3,000 Adjusted basis $800 Capital gain (Sec.1231 gain) $900 Recognized gain All accumulated depr. $3,100 Ordinary income (Sec gain) $2,200 Adjusted basis 3. Building ($4,000), $0, $0, ($4,000). The adjusted basis is $79,000 ($102,000 cost $23,000 A/D). Selling price of $75,000 less $79,000 adjusted basis = $4,000 recognized loss. The building is not Section 1245 property; so, there can be no Section 1245 recapture. The building is Section 1250 property. However, Section 1250 recapture only applies to recognized gains. Because there is a loss here, there is no Section 1250 recapture. The entire $4,000 loss is reported as a Section 1231 loss. Sec.1245 asset または Sec.1250 asset の売却等から認識したゲインについてはリキャプチャ 規定が適用されるが ロスについては適用されない 本問はロスの設定であり 認識したロス全額が Sec.1231 loss(ordinary loss) となる NOTE: If the building had been sold at a gain, the Section 1250 recapture provision would apply to any recognized gain attributable to the amount of total accumulated depreciation in excess of straight-line accumulated depreciation. All remaining recognized gain would qualify as a Section 1231 gain for individuals, estates, and trusts. However, the amount of gain up to the amount of the straight-line accumulated depreciation is referred to as unrecaptured Section 1250 gain with respect to individuals, estates, and trusts. This unrecaptured Section 1250 gain is still considered to be a Section 1231 gain but carries a maximum tax rate of 25% instead of the lower rates usually associated with the net capital gains (net long term capital gains minus net short term capital losses) of individuals/estates/trusts. For C corporations only, ordinary income treatment will apply to 20% of the gain from the disposition of Section 1250 property that has not be treated as ordinary income under the Section 1250 recapture rules. 仮にゲインだった場合 :Sec.1250 asset の売却等から認識したゲインについては 対象資産の減価償却累計額 - 定額法で計算した減価償却額 = 超過額 を限度に 通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱う 本問の Building は定額法で償却されており 通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱われる部分はない よって ゲインは全て Sec.1231 gain(ltcg) となるが 定額法で計算した減価償却額 (= 通常所得として扱われなかった減価償却額 ) 部分については Unrecaptured Sec.1250 gain と呼ばれ個人所得税では (15% の軽減税率の代わりに )25% の税率が適用されることになる ( 但し限界税率が 10% または 15% の低額所得者を除く ) Vol.1 テキスト 318 ページの Example を確認してみよう 4. Totals $2,000, $5,100, $0, ($3,100). Note that the Section 1245 ordinary income of $5,100 plus the Section 1231 loss of $3,100 does equal the total recognized gain of $2,000. S-93

10 TBS 基本 20: Employee Stock Option 123 FAR では 会社役員や従業員に対し会社が付与したストック オプションの会計上の取扱いを学習した ここでは 本試験対策としての範囲内で ストック オプションの税法上の取扱いを説明する ストック オプション (stock option) ストック オプションとは 会社がその従業員等に対し報酬として付与するもので 一定期間内に予め決められた権利行使価格で自社の株式を購入することができる権利をいう ストック オプションを付与された従業員等は 将来 株価が権利行使価格を上回った時点で ストック オプションを行使して株式を取得し 当該株式を市場で売却することにより 差益 (= 権利行使価格からの株価上昇分 ) を得ることができる 会社の業績向上に伴い株価が上昇するほど 従業員等が得られる差益 ( 報酬 ) も大きくなるため 業績向上等のインセンティブ効果を有しているといわれている 他方 株価が権利行使価格を下回る場合は 当該ストック オプションは行使されないことになる ストック オプションの分類ストック オプションは 税法上 (1) 適格ストック オプションと (2) 非適格ストック オプションの 2 つに大別される (2) を読んでから (1) を見ると (1) のほうが従業員にとっては有利な扱いであることが分かる (1) Qualified Stock Option( 適格ストック オプション ) 適格ストック オプションとして 以下 12 の 2 種類をおさえておこう 1 Incentive Stock Option (ISO) ( 報奨型ストック オプション ) a. Requirements( 要件 ) (i) The ISO must be granted under a plan, approved by the shareholders, that sets out the total number of shares that may be issued and who may receive them. ISO は 株主による承認を受けたプランに従い 付与されなければならない (ii) The options must be granted within 10 years of the earlier of the date when the plan was adopted or approved. The options must be exercisable within 10 years of the grant date. 権利付与日から 10 年以内に権利行使が可能であること (iii) The exercise price may not be less than the FMV of the stock at the date of the grant. 権利行使価格は 権利付与日の株価を下回ってはならない (iv) The employee may not own more than 10% of the combined voting power of the corporation, parent, or subsidiary as of the date of the grant. ストック オプションを付与する従業員等は 権利付与日において当該企業グループの議決権の 10% 超を保有していないこと (v) Once exercised, the stock must be held at least two years after the grant date and at least one year after the exercise date. ストック オプションを付与された従業員等が権利行使し 次の 2 つの要件を両方とも満たす場合には 株式の売却益は全て軽減税率が適用される 長期キャピタル ゲイン (LTCG) として扱われる 権利付与日 (grant date) から株式売却まで 2 年以上経過していること かつ 権利行使日 (exercise date) から株式売却まで 1 年以上経過していること 権利付与日権利行使日株式売却日 2 年以上 1 年以上 (vi) The employee must remain an employee of the corporation from the date the option is granted until 3 months (1 year if due to permanent and total disability) before the option is exercised. S-94

11 権利行使期間を設定することで ストック オプションを付与された従業員等は 権利付与日から権利行使が可能となるまでの一定期間 当該会社に勤務していなければならない b. Employee Taxation( 従業員側の税法上の取扱い ) (i) Generally, there is no taxation of the option as compensation. Basis of the stock is the exercise price plus any amount paid for the option (if any). An employee may exercise up to $100,000 of ISOs in a year. If the options lapse, no deduction is available as the option was not taxed in the first place. ISO に該当する場合 原則として ストック オプションの権利付与日 (grant date) 及び権利行使日 (exercise date) には一切課税されない 権利行使により購入した株式の basis は 通常 権利行使価格 (exercise price= 株式の取得価額 ) となる (ii) Generally, any gain or loss on a subsequent sale of the stock is capital. If the holding period requirements (covered above) are not satisfied, any gain is ordinary, up to the amount that the stock s FMV on the exercise date exceeded the option price. 当該株式の売却時点で 初めてその売却損益を認識し課税を受けることになる つまり ISO は ストック オプションを付与された従業員等にとっては 非適格ストック オプション等と比べてすべての課税が繰り延べられるという点で節税につながる < 権利付与日から 2 年 権利行使日から 1 年の期間の要件を満たす場合 > ストック オプションを付与された従業員等が権利行使し 次の 2 つの要件を両方とも満たす場合には 株式の売却益はすべて軽減税率が適用される 長期キャピタル ゲイン (LTCG) として扱われる 権利付与日 (grant date) から株式売却まで 2 年以上経過していること かつ 権利行使日 (exercise date) から株式売却まで 1 年以上経過していること 株価 権利行使価格 Amount realized Long-Term Capital Gain Basis 権利付与日 Exercise date 権利行使日 2 年以上 Sale date 株式売却日 時間 1 年以上 < 権利付与日から 2 年 権利行使日から 1 年の期間の要件を満たさない場合 > ストック オプションを付与された従業員等が権利行使し 次の 2 つの要件を両方とも満たしていない場合には 株式の売却益のうち 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額は通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱われ 超過部分のみがキャピタル ゲイン (capital gain) となる 課税のタイミングは違うが (2) 非適格ストック オプションと同じ扱いになってしまう 下図を参照のこと 株価 Amount realized Capital Gain 権利行使価格 Basis Ordinary income ( 現物給与 ) 権利付与日 Exercise date 権利行使日 S-95 Sale date 株式売却日 時間

12 c. Employer Taxation( 会社側の税法上の取扱い ) Generally, an employer does not receive a tax deduction for an ISO because it is not considered compensation income to the employee. ISO に該当する場合 原則として 従業員側でストック オプションが報酬 給与として課税されることがないため 会社側はストック オプション付与に関して税法上控除を受けられない 但し 従業員側で通常所得 (ordinary income) 扱いの課税が行われた場合 同額を控除可 従業員側 会社側 Income recognition 従業員側の所得認識 Basis of stock 従業員側の株式の basis Deduction 会社側の控除 Qualified Stock Option 適格ストック オプション税法上の取扱いまとめ ( 権利付与日 ) Exercise date ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) Sale date ( 株式の売却日 ) No income recognized. 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) - 権利付与日から 2 年以上 No income recognized. 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 権利行使日から 1 年以上 Exercise price 権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) Selling price-basis of stock = Gain/loss recognized. 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 左記期間の要件を満たす場合 : 売却益は全て長期 Capital gain 満たさない場合 : 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 ( 現物給与 ) Ordinary income 超過部分のみ Capital gain Same as exercise date 権利行使日と同じ No deduction 原則として 会社側はストック オプション付与に関して税法上控除を受けられない 但し 従業員側で Ordinary income として課税が行われた場合 同額を控除可 Example On July 1, Year 10, Mary was granted an Incentive Stock Option (ISO) to purchase 200 shares of her employer s stock for $120 per share. The FMV of the stock on the date of grant was $120. Mary exercised these options on August 7, Year 11. The stock was selling for $150 per share on the exercise date. On November 1, Year 12, Mary sold all of the shares for $200 per share. 7/1/10 権利付与日 : 従業員 Mary 氏は 会社から1 株 $120で自社の株式を200 株購入することができる適格ストック オプション (ISO) を 付与された 権利付与日における株価は 1 株 $120であった 8/7/11 権利行使日 : 株価が1 株 $150になった時点で権利行使して200 株を購入した 11/1/12 株式売却日 : 権利付与日から 2 年以上 かつ 権利行使日から 1 年以上経過後に 当該 200 株を 1 株 $200 で売却した < 従業員側 > Mary does not recognize any ordinary income at the date of grant because this qualified as an ISO. ISOに該当する場合 ストック オプションの権利付与日 (grant date) 及び権利行使日 (exercise date) には一切課税されない Mary s basis in the stock is the exercise price of $24,000 (200 shares x $120). 権利行使により購入した株式のbasisは 権利行使価格 (exercise price= 株式の取得価額 ) となる Mary has a long-term capital gain in Year 12 in the amount of $16,000. This is a selling price of $40,000 (200 shares x $200) less the adjusted basis of $24,000. The holding period requirements have been met. 株式の売却日 : 株式を売却した Year 12 において 売却価格 $40,000(200 株 $200)- 株式の basis $24,000=$16,000 ゲインを 認識する 期間の要件を満たしているので 株式の売却益全てが長期キャピタル ゲインとなる Mary also has an AMT preference item in Year 12 of $6,000. The FMV of stock on the date of exercise was $150, and the purchase price was $120. The excess is $30 x 200 shares. 権利行使日における株価 > 権利行使価格の場合 この差額は 株式売却年度のAMTにおける調整項目となる 発展 仮に株式売却日が6/1/12だったとすると 権利付与日から2 年 権利行使日から1 年の期間の要件を満たさない設定となる この場合 株式の売却益のうち 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 ($150-$120) 200 株 =$6,000は通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱われ 超過部分 ($200-$150) 200 株 =$10,000のみが短期キャピタル ゲインとなる 会社側では $6,000 控除可 < 会社側 > Mary s employer receives no deduction for the granting of the option. ISO に該当する場合 原則として ストック オプション付与に関して税法上控除を受けられない S-96 (Becker, R1-74)

13 2 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) ( 従業員持株制度 ) ESPP において 会社がその従業員等に対しストック オプションを付与することがある a. Requirements( 要件 ) (i) The plan must be written and approved by the shareholders. ESSP は 株主による承認を受けたプランでなければならない (ii) Generally, the plan must include all full-time employees other than highly compensated employees and those with less than two years employment. ESSP は 原則として 全てのフルタイム従業員を対象としていなければならない (iii) The option exercise price may not be less than the lesser of 85% of the FMV of the stock when granted or exercised. ストック オプションの権利行使価格は 権利付与日または権利行使日における株価の 85% のいずれか小さい金額を下回ってはならない (iv) An ESSP cannot grant options to any employee who has more than 5% combined voting power of the corporation, parent, or subsidiary. ESSP においては ストック オプションを 権利付与日 (grant date) において当該企業グループの議決権の 5% 超を保有する従業員に付与することはできない (v) Once exercised, the stock must be held at least two years after the grant date and at least one year after the exercise date. ストック オプションを付与された従業員等が権利行使し 次の 2 つの要件を両方とも満たす場合には 株式の売却益は全て軽減税率が適用される 長期キャピタル ゲイン (LTCG) として扱われる 権利付与日 (grant date) から株式売却まで 2 年以上経過していること かつ 権利行使日 (exercise date) から株式売却まで 1 年以上経過していること (vi) The employee must remain an employee of the corporation from the date the option is granted until 3 months (1 year if due to permanent and total disability) before the option is exercised. The option cannot be exercised more than 27 months after the grant date. 権利行使期間を設定することで ストック オプションを付与された従業員等は 権利付与日から権利行使が可能となるまでの一定期間 当該会社に勤務していなければならない ESPP の場合 オプションを権利付与日から 27 ヵ月後以降に行使することはできない b. Employee Taxation( 従業員側の税法上の取扱い ) Generally, there is no taxation of the option as compensation. The basis of the stock is the exercise price plus any amount paid for the option (if any). No employee can acquire the right to purchase more than $25,000 of stock per year. Generally, any gain or loss on a subsequent sale of the stock is capital. If the holding period requirements (covered above) are not satisfied, any gain is ordinary up to the amount that the stock's FMV on the exercise date exceeded the option price. If the option price is less than FMV of the stock on the grant date, then ordinary income is recognized as the lesser of the difference of the FMV of the stock when sold and the exercise price, or the difference between the exercise price and the FMV of the stock on the grant date. ESPP に該当する場合 その従業員側の税法上の取扱いは 原則 前述の ISO と同様である 但し 株式の売却益の取扱いに関する例外がある ESPP においては権利行使価格が権利付与日の株価を下回っていることがあるが この場合 売却日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 または 権利行使価格と権利付与日における株価の差額のいずれか小さい金額を通常所得 (ordinary income) として認識することになる c. Employer Taxation( 会社側の税法上の取扱い ) Generally, an employer does not receive a tax deduction for an ESPP because it is not considered compensation income to the employee. ESPP に該当する場合 前述の ISO と同様 会社側はストック オプション付与に関して税法上控除を受けられない S-97

14 (2) Nonqualified Stock Option( 非適格ストック オプション ) ストック オプションは 会社がその従業員等に対してストック オプションという現物で業績連動型の報酬を支給したと考えられるため 現物給与相当額を従業員の GI に含めるという解釈が基本となる そのため 下記の非適格ストック オプションの扱いが基本であり 前述 (1) の適格ストック オプションは特別な扱いだといえる a. Employee Taxation( 従業員側の税法上の取扱い ) 非適格ストック オプションの場合には そのオプションの公正な市場価額が確定できるかできないかで 従業員側の税法上の取扱いが異なる 1 With Readily Ascertainable FMV=Taxed as Ordinary Income at Grant If there is a readily ascertainable value, the employee recognizes ordinary income in that amount in the year granted. If there is a cost to the employee, then the ordinary income is the value of the option minus the cost. 権利付与日 (grant date) を含む年度にオプションの公正な市場価額が確定できる場合 その公正な市場価額を現物給与 (ordinary income) として GI に含める ( 課税される ) There is no taxation on the date of exercise. The basis of the stock is the exercise price plus any amount previously taxed on the date of grant. 権利行使日 (exercise date) には一切課税されない 権利行使により購入した株式の basis は 権利行使価格 (exercise price= 株式の取得価額 ) に権利付与日 (grant date) に課税を受けた金額を加算した金額となる Any future sale of the stock could result in a capital gain or loss. The holding period begins with the exercise date. 当該株式の売却日には 通常の株式の売却と同様 キャピタル ゲインまたはロスを認識する 当該株式の保有期間は 権利行使日 (exercise date) から起算する NOTE: If the employee allows the options to lapse (not exercised), there is a capital loss based on the value of the options previously taxed. オプションを権利行使しなかった場合 既に課税済みのオプションの公正な市場価額をキャピタル ロスとして控除可 なお 必要な資金を調達できないなどの理由で権利行使できないこともある 2 Without Readily Ascertainable FMV=Taxed as Ordinary Income at Exercise If there is no readily ascertainable value, then the taxable event is the exercise date, not the grant date. On the date of exercise, the employee recognizes ordinary income based on the fair market value of the stock purchased less amounts paid (if any) for the option. The basis of the stock is the actual exercise price plus any ordinary income recognized. 権利付与日 (grant date) を含む年度にオプションの公正な市場価額が確定できない場合には 権利行使日 (exercise date) に 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額を 現物給与 (ordinary income) として GI に含める ( 課税される ) Any future sale of the stock could result in a capital gain or loss. The holding period begins with the exercise date. 当該株式の売却日には 通常の株式の売却と同様 キャピタル ゲインまたはロスを認識する 当該株式の保有期間は 権利行使日 (exercise date) から起算する NOTE: If the options lapse, there are no tax consequences. 行使しなかったとしても 既に課税済み分がないため 控除はない b. Employer Taxation( 会社側の税法上の取扱い ) Generally, an employer may deduct the value of the stock option as a business expense in the same year that the employee is required to recognize the option as ordinary income (see above). 非適格ストック オプションの場合 会社は 従業員側の課税と同一年度に オプションの公正な市場価額を給与賃金として控除することができる S-98

15 従業員側 Copyright. TAC Co., LTD. Through license form Becker CPA Review Nonqualified Stock Option 非適格ストック オプション税法上の取扱いまとめ ( 権利付与日 ) Exercise date ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) Sale date ( 株式の売却日 ) 1 With Readily Ascertainable FMV( オプション権利付与時にその公正な市場価額が確定できる場合 ) Income recognition No income recognized. 従業員側の 所得認識されない 所得認識 ( 課税されない ) 会社側 従業員側 Basis of stock 従業員側の株式の basis Deduction 会社側の控除 FMV of option is recognized as ordinary income. オプションの FMV を現物給与として GI に含める ( 課税される ) - Deduction 従業員側の課税と同一年度に オプションの FMV を給与賃金として控除可 Exercise price + FMV of option 権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) + オプションの FMV( 付与時課税分 ) - Selling price-basis of stock = Gain/loss recognized. 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 株式の保有期間は株式の購入日から起算する Same as exercise date 権利行使日と同じ 2 Without Readily Ascertainable FMV( オプション権利付与時にその公正な市場価額が確定できない場合 ) Income recognition No income recognized. 従業員側の 所得認識しない 所得認識 ( 課税されない ) 会社側 Basis of stock 従業員側の株式の basis Deduction 会社側の控除 - - FMV of stock-exercise price = Ordinary income. 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額を現物給与として GI に含める ( 課税される ) Exercise price + Above income 権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) + 上記差額 ( 課税分 ) Deduction 従業員側の課税と同一年度にオプションの FMV を給与賃金として控除可 - Selling price-basis of stock = Gain/loss recognized. 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 株式の保有期間は株式購入日から起算する Same as exercise date 権利行使日と同じ Example On July 1, Year 10, Bob was granted a nonqualified stock option to purchase 200 shares of his employer s stock for $12 per share. This option was selling for $4 per share on an established exchange. Bob exercised these options on August 7, Year 11. The stock was selling for $18 per share on the exercise date. On November 1, Year 12, Bob sold all of the shares for $20 per share. 7/1/10 権利付与日 : 従業員 Bob 氏は 会社から1 株 $12で自社の株式を200 株購入することができる非適格ストック オプションを付与され た 当該オプションの市場価格は1 株に付き $4だった 8/7/11 権利行使日 : 株価が1 株 $18になった時点で権利行使して200 株を購入した 11/1/12 株式売却日 : 当該 200 株を 1 株 $20 で売却した < 従業員側 > Bob must report ordinary income in the amount of $800 (option FMV $4 x 200 shares) on the date of the grant in Year 10 because the option has a readily ascertainable market value. 権利付与日 : 非適格ストック オプションでその FMV が確定できるため 現物給与 (ordinary income) としてその FMV を GI に含める Bob's basis in the stock is $3,200 (exercise price 200shares x $12 + $800 recognized ordinary income). 権利行使日 : 一切課税されない 権利行使により購入した株式の basis は 権利行使価格 (exercise price= 株式の取得価額 ) に 権利付与日 (grant date) に課税を受けた金額を加算した金額となる Bob has a long-term capital gain in Year 12 in the amount of $800. This is a selling price of $4,000 (200 shares x $20) less the adjusted basis of $3,200. 株式の売却日 : 売却したYear 12において 売却価格 $4,000(200 株 $20)- 株式のbasis $3,200=$800 キャピタル ゲインを 認識する 株式の保有期間は株式の購入日 ( 権利行使日 ) から 1 年超 = 長期キャピタル ゲインとなる < 会社側 > Bob s employer can take a tax deduction in the amount of $800 in Year 10, the amount of ordinary income recognized by Bob. 従業員側の課税と同一年度に オプションのFMV$800を給与賃金として控除可 (Becker, R1-73) - S-99

16 Becker Online 演習ソフト (R1) Simulation 1-6 Carr, Inc. granted certain employee stock options in Year 1. In the Table below, please indicate for each of the independent situations if the option is an Incentive Stock Option, Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or Nonqualified option. All options and plans have been properly approved as required. All ownership percentages have similar pro rata voting power. 1. Bob, a 7% shareholder, received options to purchase 100 shares of stock, on February 1, Year 1. On that date, the stock price and option price was $20 per share. Bob exercised the options on August 1, Year 1 and sold them on June 1, Year Bob, a 25% shareholder, received options to purchase 100 shares of stock, on February 1, Year 1. On that date, the stock price and option price was $20 per share. Bob exercised the options on August 1, Year 1 when the stock FMV was $30 per share and sold them on June 1, Year Bob, a 7% shareholder, received options to purchase 100 shares of stock, on February 1, Year 1. On that date, the stock price was $25 per share and the option price was $19 per share. Bob exercised the options on August 1, Year 1 when the stock FMV was $30 per share and sold them on June 1, Year Bob, a 5% shareholder, received options to purchase 100 shares of stock, on February 1, Year 1. On that date, the stock price was $25 per share and the option price was $22 per share. Bob exercised the options on August 1, Year 1 when the stock FMV was $30 per share and sold them on June 1, Year 3. Solution Stock Option 1 Qualified Stock Option 適格ストック オプション要件に関するポイント 主要な 3 要件 Incentive Stock Option (ISO) 報奨型ストック オプション Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) 従業員持株制度 対象従業員 権利付与日に 議決権 10% 以下の従業員 権利付与日に 議決権 5% 以下の従業員 オプション価格 権利行使価格 権利付与日 (grant date) の株価 権利行使価格 権利付与日 (grant date) または権利行使日 (exercise date) における株価の 85% のいずれか小さい金額 保有期間 権利付与日から株式売却まで 2 年以上権利行使日から株式売却まで 1 年以上 左記と同一 1. Incentive Stock Option (ISO). This option meets all of the requirements of an ISO. 3 要件 ISO ESPP 対象従業員 オプション 価格 保有期間 Bob, a 7% shareholder, is a not more than 10% shareholder. Bob 氏が 7% の株式を保有している設定 ESPP 5% < 7% <ISO 10% ISO10% 以下の持株比率要件のみ満たす この時点で ISO の 3 要件のみ考える The option exercise price is not less than the FMV of the stock on the date of grant. は を下回っていない 同額の設定 ISO のオプション価格要件を満たす The stock was held at least two years from the date of grant and at least one year from the exercise date. S-100

17 権利付与日は 2/1/Year1 権利行使日は 8/1/Year1 で 株式の売却日は 6/1/Year3 なので 保有期間の要件も満たしている よって このストック オプションは ISO の 3 要件を全て満たしている 2. Nonqualified Option. The option does not meet the requirements of either an ISO or Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP) because Bob is a 25% shareholder. Bob 氏が 25% の株式を保有している設定 ISO10% 以下及び ESPP5% 以下の持株比率要件のいずれも満たさない よって このストック オプションは 非適格ストック オプションである 3. Nonqualified Option. The option does not meet the requirements of either an ISO or Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). 3 要件 ISO ESPP 対象従業員 オプション 価格 保有期間 Bob, a 7% shareholder, is a not more than 10% shareholder. Bob 氏が 7% の株式を保有している設定 ESPP 5% < 7% <ISO 10% ISO10% 以下の持株比率要件のみ満たす この時点で ISO の 3 要件のみ考える The option exercise price is less than the FMV on the date of grant, so it is not an ISO. は を下回っている ISO のオプション価格要件を満たさない よって このストック オプションは 非適格ストック オプションである 4. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). This option meets all of the requirements on an ESSP. 3 要件 ISO ESPP 対象従業員 オプション 価格 保有期間 Bob, a 5% shareholder, is a not more than 5% shareholder. Bob 氏が 5% の株式を保有している設定 ISO10% 以下及び ESPP5% 以下の持株比率要件を満たす It is not an ISO because the option exercise price is less than the FMV of the stock on the date of grant. は を下回っている ISO のオプション価格に関する要件は満たさない The option exercise price is not less than the lesser of 85% of the stock price when granted ($25) or exercised ($30) 85%=$20). は 以下いずれか小さい金額を下回っていない 85%=$ %=$25.5 ESPP のオプション価格に関する要件を満たす The stock was held at least two years from the date of grant and at least one year from the exercise date. 権利付与日は 2/1/Year1 権利行使日は 8/1/Year1 で 株式の売却日は 6/1/Year3 なので 保有期間の要件を満たしている よって このストック オプションは ESPP の 3 要件を全て満たしている S-101

18 Stock Option 2 Becker Online 演習ソフト (R1) Simulation 2-5 In the Table below, indicate the amount of income to be recognized in Year 1 and Year 3 by the shareholder in each independent situation. 1. Able, Inc. granted an Incentive Stock Option for 50 shares to Mary an employee on April 10, Year 1. The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $45 per share. Mary exercised the option on September 5, Year 1, when the FMV was $75 per share. She sold the stock on November 20, Year 3 for $95 per share. 2. Able, Inc. granted an Incentive Stock Option for 50 shares to Mary an employee on April 10, Year 1. The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $45 per share. Mary never exercised the option, and it lapsed. 3. Able, Inc. granted a Nonqualified Stock Option for 100 shares to Mary an employee on April 10, Year 1. The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $65 per share. The option had a readily ascertainable value of $3 per share. Mary exercised the option on September 5, Year 1, when the FMV was $85 per share. She sold the stock on November 20, Year 3 for $95 per share. 4. Able, Inc. granted a Nonqualified Stock Option for 100 shares to Mary an employee on April 10, Year 1 The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $65 per share. The option did not have a readily ascertainable value. Mary exercised the option on September 5, Year 1, when the FMV was $85 per share. She sold the stock on November 20, Year 3 for $95 per share. Year 1 Year 3 Solution 1. $0, $2,500. This is an Incentive Stock Option (ISO). Therefore, no income is recognized at the date of grant. When the stock is sold in Year 3, gain of $50 per share (95 45) is recognized. $50 X 50 shares = $2,500. Note that this gain is capital because the holding period rules of 2 years from grant date and one year from exercise date were met. If they were not met, then the first $30 of gain per share (75 45) is ordinary and the remaining gain of $20 per share (95 75) is capital. In this example, the excess of the FMV on the exercise date less the purchase price $30 ($75 - $45) is an AMT preference item. 従業員側 Qualified Stock Options 適格ストック オプション 4/10/Year 1 9/5/Year 1 11/20/Year 3 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) 権利行使価格 & 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) - 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 株式の basis=$45 50 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ $0 ( 売却価格 $95-Basis$45) 50 株 =$2,500 LTCG ISO の保有期間の要件を満たしているので 株式の売却益は全て長期キャピタル ゲインとなる S-102

19 株式売却時 Amount realized Long-Term Capital Exercise date Sale date 時間 権利付与日 権利行使日 2 年以上 株式売却日 1 年以上 発展 仮に ISO の保有期間の要件を満たさない設定だった場合 : 仮に株式売却日が 8/31/Year 2 だったとすると 株式の売却益のうち 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 ($75 -$45) 50 株 =$1,500 は通常所得 (ordinary income) として扱われ 超過部分 ($95-$75) 50 株 =$1,000 のみが短期キャピタル ゲインとなる 課税のタイミングは違うが (2) 非適格ストック オプションと同じ扱いになってしまう ( 下図と 当問題集 S-105 ページの図と比較 ) なお 会社側では Year 2 に $1,500 控除可 従業員側 Qualified Stock Options 適格ストック オプション 4/10/Year 1 9/5/Year 1 8/31/Year 2 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) - 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 株式の basis=$45 50 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ $0 ( 売却価格 $95-Basis$45) 50 株 =$2,500 うち 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 ( 現物給与 ) 差額 ($75-$45) 50 株 =$1,500 Ordinary income 超過部分のみ ($95-$75) 50 株 =$1,000 Capital gain Amount realized Capital Gain Exercise date Sale date 時間 Ordinary income ( 現物給与 ) 権利付与日 権利行使日 株式売却日 S-103

20 2. $0, $0. This is an Incentive Stock Option (ISO). Therefore, no income is recognized at the date of grant. The option was never exercised and it lapsed. No income is recognized in any future year, and no deduction is available to the shareholder as the option was not taxed in the first place. 従業員側 Qualified Stock Options 適格ストック オプション 4/10/Year 1 Not Exercised Year 3 権利行使しなかったケースだが 権利行使していないため ( 権利付与日 ) 所得認識することもなく そもそも株式を保有していない 権利行使価格 & 控除も受けられない 所得認識されない 非適格ストック オプション ( 課税されない ) との比較 $0 $0 3. $300, $2,700. This is a Nonqualified Stock Option. Mary will be taxed on the value of the option on the date of grant because there is a readily ascertainable value of the option. The amount is $3 times 100 shares = $300. This is classified as ordinary income. There is no additional income recognized as of the exercise. The basis of the stock is $6,800. This is comprised of the exercise price of $6,500 ($65 X 100 shares) plus the $300 previously taxed. The stock is sold for $9,500 ($95 X 100 shares). This results in a capital gain in the amount of $2,700 (9,500 6,800). 従業員側 Nonqualified Stock Options 非適格ストック オプション 1With Readily Ascertainable FMV( オプション権利付与時にその公正な市場価額が確定できる場合 ) 4/10/Year 1 9/5/Year 1 11/20/Year 3 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) オプションの FMV@$3 オプションの FMV@$3を現物給与として GI に含める ( 課税される ) - Option FMV $3 100 株 =$300 Ordinary income ( 会社側では $300 控除可 ) 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 株式の basis=($65+$3) 100 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) + オプションの FMV( 付与時課税分 ) 株式の保有期間は株式の購入日 ( 権利行使日 ) から 1 年超 = 長期キャピタル ゲインとなる 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ ( 売却価格 $95-Basis$68) 100 株 =$2,700 LTCG 株価 権利付与時オプションの FMV $3 Ordinary income( 現物給与 Amount 株式売却時 Capital Gain 権利付与日 Exercise date Sale date 権利行使日株式売却日 時間 S-104

21 4. $2,000, $1,000. This is a Nonqualified Stock Option. Mary will not be taxed on the date of grant because there is not any readily ascertainable value. She will be taxed as of the exercise date based on the difference between the option exercise price of $65 per share and the FMV on the exercise date of $85 per share. The amount is $20 times 100 shares = $2,000. This is classified as ordinary income. The basis of the stock is $8,500. This is comprised of the exercise price of $6,500 ($65 X 100 shares) plus the $2,000 previously taxed. The stock is sold for $9,500 ($95 X 100 shares). This results in a capital gain in the amount of $1,000 (9,500 8,500). 従業員側 Nonqualified Stock Options 非適格ストック オプション 2Without Readily Ascertainable FMV( オプション権利付与時にその公正な市場価額が確定できない場合 ) 4/10/Year 1 9/5/Year 1 11/20/Year 3 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) オプションの FMV@ 不明 所得認識しない ( 課税されない ) - 差額 ($85-$65) 100 株 =$2,000 Ordinary income ( 会社側では $2,000 控除可 ) 権利行使日における株価と権利行使価格の差額 ($85-$65)=$20を現物給与として GI に含める ( 課税される ) 株式の basis=($65+$20) 100 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) + 上記差額 ( 課税分 ) 株式の保有期間は株式の購入日 ( 権利行使日 ) から 1 年超 = 長期キャピタル ゲインとなる 株価 権利行使時 差額 ($85-$65)=$20 Ordinary income( Amount realized 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ ( 売却価格 $95-Basis$85) 100 株 =$1,000 LTCG 株式売却時 Capital Gain Exercise date Sale date 時間 権利付与日 権利行使日 株式売却日 S-105

22 Stock Option 年度版実践トレーニング集の MC (R1) を基に作成した問題です In the Table below, indicate the amount of income to be recognized Situations 1. Robert Corp. granted an Incentive Stock Option for 200 shares to Beverly, an employee, on March 14, Year 12. The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $150. Beverly exercised the option on August 2, Year 14, when the FMV was $180 per share. She sold the stock on September 20, Year 15, for $250 per share. How much gross income did Beverly recognize in Year 12? 2. Robert Corp. granted an Incentive Stock Option for 200 shares to Beverly, an employee, on March 14, Year 12. The option price and FMV on the date of grant was $150. Beverly exercised the option on August 2, Year 14, when the FMV was $180 per share. She sold the stock on September 20, Year 15, for $250 per share. How much gross income did Beverly recognize in Year 15? 3. Wade Inc. granted a Nonqualified Stock Option for 100 shares at $50 per share to Mary, an employee, on May 1, Year 12. On that date, the option was selling on an established market for $4 per share. Mary exercised the option on August 2, Year 13, when the FMV was $80 per share. She sold the stock on September 2, Year 14, for $100 per share. How much gross income and what type did Mary recognize in Year 12? In the Table below, indicate the correct choice. Questions 4. Which of the following statements is not correct? a. Employee Stock Purchase Plans are a type of qualified stock option plan. b. The recipient of an Incentive Stock Option will generally have to report compensation income in the year that the option is received. c. The employer may recognize a deductible expense for a nonqualified stock option in the same year that the employee will recognize ordinary income. d. For an Incentive Stock Option, once exercised, the stock must be held at least two years after the grant date and at least one year after the exercise date. 5. James Corp. issue stock options to employees under an Employee Stock Purchase Plan. Which of the following statements is correct? I. The option exercise price must be not less than the lesser of 95% of the FMV of the stock when granted or exercised. II. The option cannot be exercised more than 27 months after the grant date. a. I only. b. II only. c. Both. d. Neither. Income Recognized Choice S-106

23 Solution 1. $0 (Year 12). Due to the fact that this is a Qualified Stock Option (Incentive Stock Option: ISO), there is no recognition of income in the year of grant. 適格ストック オプションに該当するため 権利付与日には一切所得は認識しない ( 課税されない ) 2. $20,000 (Year 15). The purchase was 200 shares at $150 per share, or $30,000. The sale was 200 shares at $250 per share, or $50,000. This gain is not recognized until the sale occurs in Year 15. 株式の売却時点で 初めてその売却損益を認識し課税を受けることになる 従業員側 Qualified Stock Options 適格ストック オプション 3/14/Year 12 8/2/Year 14 9/20/Year 15 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) 権利行使価格 & 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) - 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 株式の basis=$ 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ $0 $0 ( 売却価格 $250-Basis$150) 200 株 =$20,000 LTCG ISO の保有期間の要件を満たしているので 株式の売却益は全て長期キャピタル ゲインとなる 3. $400 (Year 12). The employee receiving a Nonqualified Stock Option must recognize as ordinary income the value of the option if traded on an established market. Here, that is 100 shares at $4 per share, or $400. 従業員側 Nonqualified Stock Options 非適格ストック オプション 1With Readily Ascertainable FMV( オプション権利付与時にその公正な市場価額が確定できる場合 ) 5/1/Year 12 8/2/Year 13 9/2/Year 14 Exercise date Sale date ( 権利付与日 ) ( 権利行使日 : 株式の購入日 ) ( 株式の売却日 ) オプションの FMV@$4 オプションの FMV@$4を現物給与として GI に含める ( 課税される ) - Option FMV $4 100 株 =$400 Ordinary income ( 会社側では $400 控除可 ) 所得認識されない ( 課税されない ) 株式の basis=($50+$4) 100 株権利行使価格 ( 株式の取得価額 ) + オプションの FMV( 付与時課税分 ) 株式の保有期間は株式の購入日 ( 権利行使日 ) から 1 年超 = 長期キャピタル ゲインとなる 売却損益を認識する ( 課税される ) 権利行使日と同じ $0 ( 売却価格 $100-Basis$54) 100 株 =$4,600 LTCG S-107

24 4. b is not correct. 選択肢 a :ESPP は 適格ストック オプションの 1 つである 正しい 選択肢 b :Generally there is no recognition of compensation expense with an Incentive Stock Option. ISO においては 権利付与日に報酬 (Ordinary income: 現物給与 ) を認識することはない 誤り 選択肢 c : 非適格ストック オプションの場合 会社は 従業員側の通常所得 (ordinary income) 課税と同一年度に それと同額 ( オプションの公正な市場価額 ) を給与賃金として控除可 正しい 選択肢 d :ISO/ESPP における保有期間の要件である 正しい 5. b is correct (II only). I is not correct because the rule states 85%, not 95%. ESPP のオプション価格に関する要件であるが 95% ではなく 85% となる 誤り II is a correct statement. This is a requirement of an ESPP. ESPP の場合 オプションを権利付与日から 27 ヵ月後以降に行使することはできない 正しい < 参考 > ストック オプションの税法上の取扱いについての詳細は IRSホームページにて Publication 525などを参照のこと ここで 解説した税法上の取扱いは米国市民および居住外国人に対する扱いである 米国非居住者の場合 ( 例 : 日本在住の日本人が米国に本社がある会社に勤務していて適格ストック オプションなどを受領した場合など ) には 日米租税条約 (U.S. tax treaty) の規定により 一般に 株式の売却益が ( 米国では ) 非課税となる 但し Form W-8BENを提出しないと売却益や受取配当に対して30% 源泉徴収されてしまう S-108

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