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1 10 Sawada Yasuyuki twin crisis Kaminsky and Reinhart Kaminsky and Reinhart1999, Table 1. No

2 GDP, GD 0 5 P World Development Indicators, the World Bank World Development Indicators, the World Bank. 2 % World Development Indicators, the World Bank. No

3 10 V 1 Ito pass through % balance sheet channel 1 2 credit crunch IMF 2002 Frankenberg, Smith, and Thomas2003; Alem and Townsend2003; Townsend1999; Goh, Kang, and Sawada2005; Kang and Sawada2007a No

4 % Frankenberg, Smith, and Thomas2003, Table % Kang and Sawada2005. Frankenberg, Smith, and Thomas %37% 9 Kang and Sawada Household Income and Expenditure SurveyHIES % Friedman and Levinsohn2002SUSENAS No

5 Friedman and Levinsohn2002, Figure Kang and Sawada2005Korean Household Panel Survey KHPSGoh, Kang and Sawada2005 Kang and Sawada2005 Goh, Kang, and Sawada2005 Alem and Townsend Friedman and Levinsohn2005 No

6 10 3 Kang and Sawada2007aKHPS Kang and Sawada2007a % Kang and Sawada2007a1998 Frankenberg, Smith, and Thomas2003 Frankenberg, Smith, and Thomas Fallon and Lucas % 3.5%13.3% 2003 Kang and No

7 10 Sawada2005 7% Kang and Sawada2005; 2007b V %10.4% Burton and Zanello Kang and Kwon GDP 11GDPV Kakwani GDP1% % No

8 10 5 % Sawada and Estudillo2005a; 2005bOECF1997, PovcalNet, World Bankhttp://iresearch.worldbank.org/PovcalNet/jsp/index.jsp Kang and Kwon2006. No

9 %4% 4 Dollar and Kraay2002 pro-poor growth Fallon and Lucas No

10 10 World Bank2000; 2003; Friedman and Levinsohn Krugman NN N 3 Kakwani trickle-down No Alem, Mauro and Robert M. Townsend2003 An Evaluation of Safety Nets and Financial Instituions in Crisis and Growth, mimeographed, University of Chicago. Burton, David and Alessandro Zanello2007 Asia Ten Years After, Finance & Development, June 2007, pp Dollar, David and Aart Kraay2002 Growth is Good for the Poor, Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp No

11 10 Fallon, Peter R. and Robert E. B. Lucas2002 The Impact of Financial Crises on Labor Market, Household Incomes, and Poverty: A Review of Evidence, World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp Frankenberg, Elizabeth, James P. Smith, and Duncan Thomas2003 Economic Shocks, Wealth, and Welfare, Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp Friedman, Jed and James Levinsohn2002 The Distributional Impacts of Indonesia s Financial Crisis on Household Welfare: A Rapid Reponse Methodology, World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp Goh, Chor-ching, Sung Jin Kang, and Yasuyuki Sawada2005 How Did Korean Households Cope with Negative Shocks from the Financial Crisis? Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 16, No. 2,April 2005, pp Ito, Takatoshi2007 Asian Currency Crisis and the International Monetary Fund, 10 Years Later: Overview, Asian Economic Policy Review, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp Kakwani, Nanak1993 Poverty and Economic Growth with Application to Côte D Ivoire, Review of Income and Wealth, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp Kaminsky, Graciela L. and Carmen M. Reinhart1999 The Twin Crisis: The Causes of Banking and Balance-of- Payments Problems, American Economic Review, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp Kang, Sung Jin and Hyun-Jin Kwon2006 The Equivalence Scale and Poverty Evaluation of the Korean Urban Households, Kyong Je Hak Yon Gu, Vol. 14, No. 4, pp in Korean. Kang, Sung Jin and Yasuyuki Sawada2007a A Credit Crunch and Household Welfare in Korea, Japanese Economic Review, forthcoming. Kang, Sung Jin and Yasuyuki Sawada2007b Did Public Transfers Crowd Out Private Transfers in Korea During the Financial Crisis? Journal of Development Studies, forthcoming. Kang, Sung Jin and Yasuyuki Sawada2005 Consumption Behavior of Korean Households During the Financial Crisis of , paper presented at Singapore Economic Review Conference 2005 on August 4, 2005, Singapore. Kang, Sung Jin and Yasuyuki Sawada2003 Are Private Transfers Altruistically Motivated? The Case of the Republic of Korea before and during the Financial Crisis, Developing Economies, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp Krugman, Paul1999 Balance Sheets, the Transfer Problem, and Financial Crises, International Tax and Public Finance, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp OECF1997 Rural Development Administration for Poverty Eradication in Malaysia: Focusing on Coordination Mechanisms, OECF Research Papers, No. 17, Research Institute of Development AssistanceRIDA, The Overseas Economic Cooperation FundOECF. Sawada, Yasuyuki and Jonna P. Estudillo2005a Trade, Migration, and Poverty Reduction in the Globalizing Economy: the Case of the Philippines, paper presented at the UNU-WIDER Conference on the Impact of Globalization on the Poor in Asia, August 2005, Tokyo, Japan. Sawada, Yasuyuki and Jonna P. Estudillo2005b MDGs and Exit time: the Case of the Philippines, CIRJE Discussion Paper, F-356, Faculty of Economics, University of Tokyo, Japan. Townsend, Robert M.1999 Removing Financial Bottlenecks to Labor Productivity in Thailand, in W. C. Hunter, G. G. Kaufman, and T. H. Krueger, eds., the Asian Fiancial Crisis: Origins, Implications, and Solutions, Klewer Academic Publishers. World Bank2000East Asia: Recovery and Beyond, World Bank. sawada@e.u-tokyo.ac.jp No

Jeffrey Sachs Chang(1998) Steven Radelet and Jeffrey Sachs (1998) 1999 IMF 1999 World Bank 1998 [ 1998 ] 2000 p [ 20

Jeffrey Sachs Chang(1998) Steven Radelet and Jeffrey Sachs (1998) 1999 IMF 1999 World Bank 1998 [ 1998 ] 2000 p [ 20 62 1997 1996 1 1 2 1 Jeffrey Sachs1997 2 Chang(1998)Steven Radelet and Jeffrey Sachs (1998) 1999 IMF 1999 World Bank1998 [ 1998 ] 2000p.9196 [ 2003] 21 [ 2002 2000] [ 1998 1999 ] 1 62 21 3 4 5 6 90 7 3