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- きよあつ わにべ
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3 1 e, e K JLab e, e K + Λ K + 2 K + Missing Mass E/E 10 4 JLab 1 e, e K + Λ K, π π +, K + Λ Λ Σ 0 Mass Mass 2000 E e, e K + 12 Λ B 750 kev FWHM Missing Mass e, e K + background K MeV/C FWHM 2005 E background tilt K + K + HKS background 2009 e, e K + Λ E A 6 A 50 1 background HES HES tilt S/N HES Splitter K + π + proton background E π + /K + Aerogel Cherenkov AC K + /p Water Cherenkov WC AC Aerogel 1.05 WC wavelength shifter Amino-G salt 50 mg/l : 1.33 WC 1 40 K + /p proton rejection WC 2 layer 95 layer 98 proton rejection 2 layer proton survival ratio JLab 60 Co γ Amino-G salt radiation damage Amino-G salt WC Cherenkov UVT
4 2 UV-PMT WC electron beam number of photoelectron : NPE 75 simulation WC K+/p layer 98 proton rejection K + over kill ratio 2.7 WC WC layer 98 proton rejection K + over kill ratio 1 layer layer 5.6
5 i Λ e, e K + Λ e, e K e, e K e,e K CEBAF E E E E E HES tilt HES HKS K K + HKS HKS Drift Chamber (HDC) TOF Time of Flight counter HTOF Aerogel Cherenkov AC Water Cherenkov WC Lucite Cherenkov LC K background singles rate singles rate Kaon Particle ID E Water Cherenkov
6 ii 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov Cherenkov Cherenkov PMT Water Cherenkov PMT WC Hyper Cherenkov Simulator HYCS electron beam E Water Cherenkov WC E simulation WC K + /p Water Cherenkov A 63 A A.2 PMT A B WC (Water Cherenkov counter) 67 B.1 Number of Photoelectron B B
7 iii C p e, e K + Λ p γ, K + Λ E γ C e,e K + 12 Λ B Λ K virtual photon flux CEBAF E C e, e K + 12 Λ B E setup E C e, e K + 12 Λ B E setup virtual photon EHODO HKS WC AC π + K + proton Cherenkov number of photoelectron Cherenkov WC WC1 WC2 run number [11] Amino-G salt E WC Cherenkov PMT
8 iv 5.8 Water Cherenkov O µ electron Pure Water n = 1.33 NPE NPE NPE NPE NPE + + UV-PMT UV-PMT electron beam NPE Geant simulation WC NPE threshold cut K + proton survival ratio simulation WC 2 segment segment K + survival rario A A.2 PMT A.3 PMT A.4 PMT A A A B.1 Water Cherenkov Counter
9 v 2.1 CEBAF E E tilt Enge HES HES EQ1 EQ2 ED Splitter EDC EHOD HKS HKS KQ1 KQ2 KD HKS Cherenkov E target sigles rate NPE K + /p Water Cherenkov Water Cherenkov HYCS simulation NPE NPE NPE ϵ det K + proton NPE simulation K + NPE peak 1 layer K + kill ratio B B.2 NPE
10 vi
11 Λ u, d [uud] [udd] s s 1 Λ[uds] Σ [dds] Σ 0 [uds] Σ + [uus] 2 Ξ [dss] Ξ 0 [uss] s Λ 1.2 Λ BNL Λ 1970 BNL CERN K K, π Λ p Λ 1.1 K π +, K Λ π +, K + K, π K π + Li Ca Λ MeV FWHM 1990 K + SKS KEK KEK-PS K6 SKS π +,K +
12 : 12 C Li B C O V Y Pb 1.3 e, e K + Λ e, e K + γ + p K + + Λ Λ K K + e, e K nb/sr Λ e K JLab e, e K beam 2 π +, K + K, π MeV/c 3. Λ π +, K + K, π Λ e, e K + Λ
13 π +, K + K, π 4. Λ Λ Σ 0 Mass (e, e K + ) 1.4 e, e K + JLab 2000 E e, e K + K + HKS tilt E K + Water Cherenkov WC wavelenth shifter Amino-G salt radiation damage E E Λ HES E WC Amino-G salt WC number of photoelectron : NPE K + /p e, e K + 2 E Water Cherenkov 4
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15 5 2 e, e K + 2 e, e K + e, e K + E e, e K + e, e K e + p e + Λ + K + (2.1) electro-production d 3 { σ dσt = Γ + ϵ dσ L dσ P + ϵ L cos 2ϕ K + 2ϵ L (1 + ϵ) dσ } I cos ϕ K de e dω e dω K dω K dω K dω K dω K E γ (2.2) α E e Γ = 2π 2 Q 2 (α : ) (2.3) 1 ϵ E e ϵ = {1 + q 2 Q 2 tan2 ( θ } 1 e 2 ) (2.4) ϵ L = ω + Q2 ω 2 ϵ (2.5) E γ = ω + q2 2m p (2.6) q = p e p e ω = E e E e (2.7) q = (q, ω) Q 2 = q 2 > 0 [2][3] 2.1 Ω e Ω K + K + Γ virtual photon flux ϵ ϵ L virtual photon ω T ω L ω P ω I ϕ K + Λ K + m p 2.3 E γ proton-photon virtual photon p γ,k + Λ E γ 2.2 E γ 1.5 GeV/c Baryon Mass = 1.92 GeV E e = 2.5 GeV/c E γ = 1.5 GeV/c DWIA 12 C e,e K + 12 Λ B Λ K+ 2.3 virtual photon flux 2.4 virtual photon K +
16 6 2 e, e K + 2.1: p e, e K + Λ γ γ p, K + Λ 2.2: p γ, K + Λ E γ Baryon Mass, W GeV [7] ω = 1.5 GeV W = 1.92 GeV
17 2.1. e, e K + 7 (e,e K + ) kaon angular distribution, harm. osci, DWIA Ground state of 12 ΛB Hypernuclei Total ( ) E e =2.5 GeV E e =1.0 GeV θ e =3.5 deg. Spin-flip (2 - ) Spin-nonflip (1 - ) 2.3: 12 C e,e K + 12 Λ B Λ K+ [15] 2.4: virtual photon flux [15] virtual photon flux virtual photon
18 8 2 e, e K e,e K + e, e K E E JLab JLab Continuos Electron Beam Accelerator Facility CEBAF CEBAF e,e K + Λ e,e K nb/sr K,π 10 mb/sr π +,K + 10 µb/sr µa e,e K + K + duty factor 100 beam size 100 µm FWHM beam energy E/E 10 4 JLab CEBAF CEBAF GeV 5 6 GeV A B C MHz 499 MHz 2 ns GeV linac (20 cryomodules) 1497 MHz 67 MeV injector (2 1/4 cryomodules) 1497 MHz RF separators 499 MHz A B C 2.5: CEBAF E JLab Hall C e, e K + Λ [5][6] E Λ K + Hall C Shrot Orbit Spectrometer SOS Enge Split-Pole Spectrometer Enge
19 2.2. e,e K + 9 Maximum Beam Energy Maximum Beam Intensity Beam Size Beam Energy Spread Beam Bunch 6 GeV 200 µa / Hall 100 µm FWHM E / E ns 499 MHz 2.1: CEBAF 2.6: E C e, e K + 12 Λ B [5]
20 10 2 e, e K + 12 Λ B 2.6 Λ S 1/2 750 kev FWHM [5] e, e K + SOS K + p/p background - Mϕller E E [11] K + HKS tilt : E setup
21 2.2. e,e K + 11 Beam Energy 1.8 GeV Virtual Photon Energy 1.5 GeV e Momentum Acceptance 0.35 ± 0.15 GeV/c e Solid Angle 5 msr Enge Momentum Resolution p/p K + Momentum Acceptance 1.2 ± 0.15 GeV/c K + Solid Angle 16 msr HKS Momentum Resolution p/p : E tilt background E Λ B 2.8 Λ S 1/2 490 kev FWHM E kev FWHM [11] E HKS K + JLab Hall C Enge 2.8: E C e, e K + 12 Λ B [11]
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23 13 3 E E setup K E e, e K + 12 C 28 Si 6 Li 7 Li 10 B 11 B 40 Ca 52 Cr 89 Y Λ Core + Λ beyond p - shell ΛN - ls splitting 28 Si 40 Ca 52 Cr 89 Y 3.2 E E Splitter target HES K + HKS Beam Energy 2.5 GeV Virtual Photon Energy 1.5 GeV e Momentum Acceptance 1.0 ± 0.15 GeV/c e Solid Angle 10 msr HES Momentum Resolution p/p K + Momentum Acceptance 1.2 ± 0.15 GeV/c K + Solid Angle 8 msr HKS Momentum Resolution p/p : E05-115
24 14 3 E : E setup HES tilt HES Virtual Photon Mϕller background tilt tilt 3.2 Virtual Photon Mϕller background tilt Splitter K + background Enge 7.75 background 250 background 1/ tilt HES tilt tilt method Beam current target thicness rate E without 0.6 µa 22 mg/cm MHz E with 30 µa 100 mg/cm 2 1 MHz 3.2: tilt tilt 250 1/200 tilt
25 3.2. E HES tilt tilt background virtual photon Mϕller background S/N HES [15] 3.3 Enge HES 3.2 x, y z virtual photon Mϕller tilt Enge HES background HES central momentum Enge 0.35 GeV/c HES 1.0 GeV/c beam energy 1.8 GeV 2.5 GeV 3.2 background ϕller virtual photon 3.3 beam energy 3.2 HES Enge tilt HES 8 [15] 3.2: x, y virtual photon Mϕller Enge HES [15] tilt background
26 16 3 E : virtual photon [15] beam energy = 2.5 GeV central momentum = 1.0 GeV/c beam energy = 1.8 GeV central momentum = 0.35 GeV/c 3.2 background Mϕller Enge HES Configuration Split Pole Q-Q-D and horizontal 50 deg bend e momentum Acceptance 0.35 ± 0.15 GeV/c 1.0 ± 0.15 GeV/c e Solid Angle 5 msr 10 msr Momentum Resolution p/p : Enge HES EQ1 Pole length EQ1 Maximum Field Gradient EQ1 Bore Diameter EQ2 Pole length EQ2 Maximum Field Gradient EQ2 Bore Diameter Maximum Field Strength Gap Bending Angle Total Weight 60 cm 7.8 T/m 10 cm 50 cm 5.0 T/m 12.5 cm 1.64 T 19.4 cm 50 deg 38.5 t 3.4: HES EQ1 EQ2 ED
27 3.2. E Maximum Field Strength 1.65 T Gap 19 cm 1.0 GeV/c e Bending Angle deg Total Weight 31.7 t 3.5: Splitter Splitter Splitter K + HKS HES 3.5 HES HKS [15] HES HES 2 EDC1 EDC2 EHODO HES EDC1 EDC2 3.6 EDC1 E EDC2 E HDC1 HKS Drift Chamber HES Hodoscope EHODO EHODO PMT layer 29 segment segment PMT
28 18 3 E EDC1 Sensitive area Layer Distance between Layers Cell size Resolution 100 cm 12 cm 30 cm xx, uu 30 deg, xx, vv -30 deg, xx 7.5 cm 1.0 cm Position Resolution horizontal ; x σ = 86 µm Position Resolution vertical ; y σ = 210 µm Position Resolution horizontal ; x σ = 0.7 mrad Angle Resolution vertical ; y σ = 2.8 mrad EDC2 Sensitive area Layer Resolution 120 cm 30 cm 14 cm xx, uu 30 deg, xx, vv -30 deg, xx 5mm drift distance, σ = 150 µm Position Resolution horizontal ; x σ = 162 µm Position Resolution vertical ; y σ = 163 µm Angle Resolution horizontal ; x σ = 0.33 mrad Angle Resolution vertical ; y σ = 0.33 mrad 3.6: EDC name sensitive area [cm] construction EHOD W cm 29 segments PMT : HAMAMATSU H6612 EHOD W cm 29 segments PMT : HAMAMATSU H : EHODO
29 3.3. HKS K : EHODO size cm 5 cm 1 cm 29 segment 3.3 HKS K K + HKS HKS E E background HKS Q-Q-D 3.8 HKS 3.9 Configuration K + Momentum Acceptance K + Solid Angle Momentum Resolution K + Path length Q-Q-D 1.2 ± 0.15 GeV/c 8 msr m 3.8: HKS HKS 3.5 E setup HDC1 HDC2 TOF Time Of Flight HTOF 1X 1Y e + π + rejection Aerogel Cherenkov AC TOF HTOF 2X proton rejection Water Cherenkov WC proton rejection TOF Lucite Cherenkov LC
30 20 3 E KQ1 Pole length KQ1 Maximum Field Gradient KQ1 Bore Diameter KQ2 Pole length KQ2 Maximum Field Gradient KQ2 Bore Diameter Maximum Field Strength Gap Bending Angle Radius 84 cm -5.8 T/m 13 cm 60 cm 3.4 T/m 12 cm 1.53 T 20 cm 70 deg 325 cm 3.9: HKS KQ1 KQ2 KD 3.10 HKS 3.5: HKS beam HDC 1, 2 HTOF 1 AC 1, 2, 3 HTOF 2 WC 1, 2 LC HKS Drift Chamber (HDC) K + HDC 1 2 HDC 2 HDC
31 3.3. HKS K + 21 name sensitive area [cm] construction Drift Chamber HDC xx, uu +30 deg, vv -30 deg 5mm drift distance, σ = 150 µm HDC xx, uu +30 deg, vv -30 deg 5mm drift distance, σ = 150 µm TOF counter HTOF1X W 17 segments PMT ; HAMAMATSU H inch HTOF1Y W 9 segments PMT ; HAMAMATSU H inch HTOF2X W 18 segments PMT ; HAMAMATSU H inch Aerogel Cherenkov n = 1.05 Silica Aerogel AC W 7 segments PMT ; photonics 14 5 tube AC W 7 segments PMT ; photonics 14 5 tube AC W 7 segments PMT ; photonics 14 5 tube Water Cherenkov n = 1.33 Water WC W 12 segments PMT ; HAMAMATSU H7195 or H7195UV 2 inch WC W 12 segments PMT ; HAMAMATSU H7195 or H7195 UV 2 inch Lucite Cherenkov n = 1.45 Lucite LC W 13 segments PMT ; photonics 3 tube 3.10: HKS
32 22 3 E TOF Time of Flight counter HTOF HTOF HKS π + K + proton Particle ID Identification HTOF off line Particle ID 1X 2X 1.5 m KEK-PS T1 HTOF 77 ps HTOF 170 ps JLab Hall C Aerogel Cherenkov AC HKS background π + reject Cherenkov c/n 1.2 GeV/c π + K + n = 1.05 Silica Aerogel π π + rejection Water Cherenkov WC AC proton refection 1.2 GeV/c proton K n 1.28 n = 1.33 E K proton rejection Lucite Cherenkov LC WC proton rejection TOF Hampton Univ. WC TOF TOF path length WC on line off line Particle ID
33 23 4 K + K + Particle ID Water Cherenkov WC E : WC AC π + K + proton Cherenkov number of photoelectron HKS GeV/c PMT Water n = 1.33 Aerogel n = 1.05 π + K + proton Cherenkov number of photoelectron PMT π + /K + AC HKS momentum acceptance 1.2 ± 0.15 GeV/c π + K + Cherenkov Particle ID K + /p WC HKS momentum acceptance K + proton Cherenkov 6 Particle ID Particle ID 1
34 24 4 K + index π + K + p AC Aerogel n = 1.05 WC Water n = : Cherenkov Particle ID 4.1 grouping grouping segment group group groupe K + [12] Cherenkov D dispersion group threshold n group e K + coincidence HKS K + HES coincidence e, e K + ( 6 HTOF1X n HTOF2X n AC n WC n ) (EHOD1 EHOD2) (4.1) n K + HKS single arm trig. HKS K + e, K + 6 HTOF1X n HTOF2X n AC n WC n (4.2) n p/π + /K + HKS Unbiased trig. HKS TOF proton K + π + proton π + singles rate HT OF1X HT OF2X (4.3) NIM Tohoku Universal Logic Module TUL TUL E [12] 4.2 background singles rate E singles rate background proton π + cut K + Particle ID
35 singles rate E HKS singles rate 4.2 target π + K + proton single rate [8] 10 khz K + π + proton rate 1 2 Cherenkov on line Particle ID π + proton cut target Beam Intensity π + [khz] K + [khz] proton [khz] 7 Li 15 µa B 30 µa C 50 µa Ca 30 µa Cr 30 µa : E sigles rate target 100 mg/cm 2 [8] Kaon Particle ID K + Particle ID WC proton rejection WC proton AC π + on line cut K + off line WC AC TOF K + WC AC K ± 0.15 GeV/c Cherenkov 4.2 Cherenkov Aerogel n = GeV/c π + K + π + /K + K + /p n = 1.15 n = 1.33 Water proton K + Cherenkov β 5.3 proton K K + /p WC PMT number of photoelectron : NPE on line Particle ID WC K + /p K + /p WC K + NPE run number 1 40 KEK
36 26 4 K + 4.2: Cherenkov Aerogel n = GeV/c K + π + /K + K + /p n = 1.15 n = 1.33 Water proton K + 4.3: WC ϵ col = 10 PMT ϵ det = 25 PMT : nm GeV/c proton K + /p
37 proton 99 K + over kill ratio 5 K + over kill ratio proton reject proton rejection 2 layer proton K + 2 proton 5 K + S/N WC 4.4: WC1 WC2 run number [11] Amino-G salt 50 mg/l Amino-G salt Amino-G salt : 7-Amino-1. 3 naphthalenedisulfonic - acid. monopotassium salt hydrate : C 10 H 9 NO 6 S nm nm [10] Cherenkov PMT nm Amino-G salt wavelength shifter PMT Cherenkov 4.5 Amino-G salt
38 28 4 K + 4.5: Amino-G salt JLab Hall C Amino-G salt radiation damage [16] 4.6: E WC [13] Co γ Amino-G salt radiation 4.7 wavelength shifter Amino-G salt radiation damage JLab Hall C WC 1 MHz 1 mgy/h 3 2 Gy beam dump radiation Gy
39 4.4. E Water Cherenkov Gy 40 radiation damage 4.7: NPE 0 Gy NPE NPE [16] radiation damage Water Cherenkov 4.4 E Water Cherenkov 4.2 E singles rate Cherenkov CEBAF beam current 100 µa proton 250 khz 100 Hz proton rejection WC proton survival rato rayer 98 proton rejection 6 HKS central momentum 1.2 GeV/c K + 50 NPE
40
41 31 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov Water Cherenkov WC proton rejection WC wavelength shifter Amino-G salt JLab Hall C radiation damage wavelength shifter radiation damage Water Cerenkov 5.1 Cherenkov Cherenkov Cherenkov WC Cherenkov Cherenkov c/n n : β 1/n Cherenkov 5.1 Cherenkov Cherenkov θ c cos θ c = ct/n βct = 1 nβ Cherenkov λ 1 λ 2 Cherenkov dn/dl dn dl = 2πα sin 2 θ c λ2 λ 1 dλ dn λ 2 dl (5.1) = 2πα(1 1 λ2 n 2 β 2 ) dλ λ 1 λ 2 (5.2) PMT ϵ col ϵ det dn dl = 2πα(1 1 λ2 n 2 β 2 ) dλ λ 1 λ 2 ϵ det(λ)ϵ col (λ) (5.3) number of photoelectron : NPE [9]
42 32 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.1: Cherenkov 5.2 Cherenkov WC wavelength shifter Gy radiation damage wavelength shifter electron beam 5.1 NPE electron beam 1.0 GeV/c electron beam 1.2 GeV/c K + NPE 50 6 Water Cherenkov Cherenkov /λ 2 wavelength shifter wavelength shifter PMT
43 5.2. Cherenkov : 5.3:
44 34 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov particle β cosmic ray electron beam : NPE β cosmic ray 0.6 GeV/c electron beam 1.0 GeV/c SHIMAZU UV-2500PC 400 nm PMT 5.6 UV-2500 PC 3 mm UVT UVT 300 nm WC PMT PMT UV-PMT HAMAMATSU H inch H7195UV 5.7 UV-PMT UV [17] UV-PMT PMT PMT PMT PMT
45 5.2. Cherenkov : 0.1 mm 150 mm 100 m 35 H 15.6 W 8 T cm PMT UVT UVT PMT HAMAMASTU : H7195 H7195 H7195 UV Amino-G salt 5.2: K + /p Water Cherenkov
46 36 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.5: seal tape : UVT UVT 280 nm
47 5.2. Cherenkov : PMT [17] PMT UV-PMT 300 nm
48 38 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.3 Water Cherenkov Cherenkov : Water Cherenkov A PMT PMT UVT O - PMT O cm 60 cm A
49 5.3. Water Cherenkov 39 PMT PMT Cherenkov 37.6 H 15.2 W 8.1 T cm 34.6 H 15.6 W 8.7 T cm 3 mm HAMAMASTU : H7195 UV pure water n = 1.33 ; 18.2 MΩcm 5.3: Water Cherenkov 5.9:
50 40 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.10: O - 60 cm 5.4 WC NPE simulation 5.11 µ electron NPE Hyper Cherenkov Simulator HYCS Hyper Cherenkov Simulator HYCS simulation HYCS Cherenkov simulation Cherenkov NPE PMT 5.5 PMT /3 mm 5.4 [20] 96 /m 5.5 wavelength nm tranceparency m transmission rate /m : [20]
51 5.4. WC : µ electron Pure Water n = 1.33 NPE 10 PMT 300nm 650nm 25 particle cosmic ray electron β = 0.97 β = 1.0 PMT Normal UV-PMT Normal UV-PMT : HYCS simulation NPE
52 42 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov GeV/c K + NPE 50 K + /p 5.5 Water Cherenkov WC 18.2 MΩcm Water Cherenkov coinsidense UVT PMT Normal PMT UV-PMT 5.12: NPE PMT ADC Analog to Dedital Converter : LECROY RESARCH SYSTEMS 2249W
53 ch ADC one photoelectron peak gaussian NPE peak gaussian NPE NPE UV-PMT NPE Cherenkov 5.17 NPE 1.7 NPE NPE PMT Normal Normal UV-PMT UV-PMT Window UVT Acryl Quatz Glass UVT Acryl Quatz Glass : NPE NPE 2 wavelength shifter NPE [13] 5.13: NPE wavelength shifter NPE [13]
54 44 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.14: NPE UVT + Normal PMT UVT + UV-PMT + Normal PMT + UV-PMT PMT 1 NPE 2 NPE
55 : NPE UVT + Normal PMT UVT + UV-PMT + Normal PMT + UV-PMT PMT 1 NPE 2 NPE
56 46 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.16: NPE + + UV-PMT : + + UV-PMT 5.15
57 5.6. electron beam electron beam STB electron beam 1.0 GeV/c WC B beam NPE 5.18 NPE = 0.7 NPE : NPE NPE 114 electron beam GeV/c β 0.97 electron beam 1 GeV/c β electron beam Cherenkov NPE 1 electron beam 1/cosθ Cherenkov HYCS simulation nm HYCS PMT UVT 1 NPE PMT Normal PMT UV-PMT
58 48 5 K + /p Water Cherenkov 5.18: electron beam NPE NPE 97 NPE NPE = 0.7
59 UV-PMT HYCS simulation 1 NPE UV-PMT HYCS 5.7 wavelength shifter Amino-G salt radiation damage K + /p Water Cherenkov Cherenkov UV-PMT PMT 2 5 NPE UVT UVT 1 2 HAMAMATSU H7195 H7195 UV 5 NPE 5.6 simulation
60
61 51 6 E WC Geant 4 [18] Geant 4 CERN HKS TOSCA [19] target proton K + HKS momentam acceptance GeV/c 6.1: Geant 4 Splitter HKS Q-Q-D D Vaccum Extention HDC 1 HDC 2 TOF AC WC LC EDC 1 EDC 2 HKS 1.2 GeV/c Focal plane ) 6.1 Water Cherenkov electron beam 100 NPE E WC NPE 5.3 Cherenkov N NPE = N(λ)ϵ col ϵ det (λ) (6.1) ϵ col ϵ det (λ) PMT 5.1 N(λ) 5.7 ϵ det (λ) NPE ϵ col 6.1
62 52 6 E GeV/c electron beam simulation electron beam MeV/c β 1.0 β N(λ)ϵ det (λ) NPE ϵ col cosmic ray β ± electron beam β ± N(λ)ϵ det (λ) NPE ϵ col cosmic ray 07/ ± cosmic ray 07/ ± electron beam ± N(λ)ϵ det (λ) NPE ϵ col cosmic ray Normal PMT ± 3 20 comic ray UV PMT ± 3 *13 electron beam UV PMT ± : ϵ det * PMT ϵ col Normal PMT : nm UV-PMT : nm [17] 6.2 WC E HKS momentum acceptance 1.2 ± 0.15 GeV/c K + proton NPE 6.2 NPE K + proton β momentum : GeV/c ϵ col = ϵ col = ϵ col = : K + proton NPE simulation WC K + /p WC K + /p simulation 6.2 simulation NPE layer 1 segment
63 6.2. WC 53 Geant4 Cherenkov ϵ col = 10.3 ϵ det = 0.25 NPE K + peak HKS centeral momentum 1.2 GeV/c K + NPE : simulation WC K + proton layer 1 segment NPE threshold cut K + proton survival ratio 6.3 K + /p layer 98 proton rejection K + kill ratio 1 layer 2.8 K + NPE peak K + kill ratio 6.3 K + NPE peak 50 K + kill ratio 2.8 segment K + survival ratio 6.4 segment 2 K + proton NPE K + NPE segment proton NPE high momentum high momentum K + /p segment high momentum 7 segment proton 98 cut 1 layer K + survival ratio NPE segment HKS high momentum K + over kill ratio momentum segment No. 01 K+ over kill ratio 1 layer segment No. 06 NPE 30 K + over kill ratio 2.2 NPE 32 No.06 low momentum proton rejection
64 54 6 E : NPE cut WC K + proton survival ratio layer segment proton 98 cut K + over kill ratio 2.8 K + NPE peak K + kill ratio : Geant4 simulation K + NPE peak 1 layer K + kill ratio NPE 50 K + kill ratio
65 6.2. WC : simulation WC count 2 segment segment segment high momentum K + segment high momentum segment proton high momentum K + /p
66 56 6 E Water Cherenkov 1 layer 98 proton rejection segment high momentum 5 NPE K + /p low momentum NPE 30 K + /p WC high momentum 5 segment 2 Layer 10 low momentum 98 proton rejection K + kill ratio high momentum low momentum segment K + 1 layer 2.9 K + over kill ratio 2 layer proton rejection 6.5: segment proton 98 cut K + survival rario segment HKS high momentum high momentum K + /p HKS momentum acceptance GeV/c K +
67 e,e K + Λ E HKS tilt 12 Al Λ B 28 Λ E Ca Cr - background HES E HKS proton rejection WC 60 Co γ wavelength shifter Amino-G salt radiation damage 7.1 Water Cherenkov Amino-G salt WC Cherenkov PMT UVT PMT UV-PMT NPE 114 electron beam NPE 98 PMT UVT 1 UV-PMT PMT PMT Cherenkov Cherenkov 1/λ nm 400 nm 280 nm UVT Normal PMT NPE electron beam Cherenkov
68 : PMT Cherenkov
69 /λ nm nm Cherenkov nm 200 nm UV-PMT UV-PMT 1 UV-PMT 5 Cherenkov nm 1800 UV-PMT Nϵ det (λ = ) NPE 10 1/ nm 200 nm nm 100 m [20] 99 /m 200 nm Cherenkov 280 nm 650nm 400 nm 280 nm NPE 2 UVT 5 UV-PMT E HKS central momentum 1.2 GeV/c K + NPE 76 K + /p 1 layer 98 proton rejection K + kill rario 2.8 segment K + /p high momentum 5 K + /p low momentum NPE 30 K + /p WC high momentum 5 segment 2 Layer 10 low momentum layer segment 98 proton rejection K + over kill ratio low momentum high momentum K + 1 layer 2.9
70 60 7 K + over kill ratio 2 layer 5.6 proton proton rejection 7.3 PMT wavelength shifter Amino-G salt Co 60 Co 320 MBq : 500 MBq 1 10 mgy Amono-G salt JLab Hall C Amino-G salt
71 61 TA Water Cherenkov 1
72
73 63 A 5 PMT A.1 A.1 A.1: A.2 PMT PMT UVT PMT O - A.2 O - 1 mm
74 64 A A.2: PMT mm O - 1 mm A.3 A.4 A.3 A.5 A.6 A.7
75 A A.3: PMT A.4: PMT A.5:
76 66 A A.6: A.7:
77 67 B WC (Water Cherenkov counter) B.1 Number of Photoelectron B.1: Water Cherenkov Counter B Water Cherenkov counter WC Amino-G salt 200 mg/l 100 mg/l 50 mg/l 10 mg/l Pure Water Pure Water Number of Photoelectron NPE B.1 - PMT Photon 8.1 cm 15.6 cm Photon
78 68 B WC (Water Cherenkov counter) NPE Old Pure Pure 10mg 50mg 100mg 200mg 8.1 cm cm B.1: Number of Photoelectron B B.2 box NPE B.2: NPE 3 12
79 69 [1] O.Hashimoto, H.Tamura, Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Volume 57, Issue 2, October 2006, Pages [2] C.E.Hyde - Wright et al., Proc CEBAF Summer Workshop [3] M. Sotona, S. Furullani, Progr. Theoret. Phys. Suppl. 117 (1994) 151. [4] T.Miyoshi, M.Sarsour, T.Yuan, X.Zhu, A.Ahmidouch, P.Ambrozewicz, D.Androic, T.Angelescn, R.Asaturyan, S.Avery, et al. High Resolution Spectroscopy of the Λ C 12 B Hypernucleus Produced by (e,e K + ) Reaction. Phsical Review Letters, Vol.90, No.23, p , [5] L.Yan et al. Hypernucler spectroscopy using the (e,e K + ) reaction. Phys.Rev.C 73, (2006) [6] L.Yuan, M.Saraour, T.Miyoshi, X.Zhu, A.Ahmidouch, D.Androic, T.Angelescu, R.Asaturyan, S.Avery, O.Baker, et al. Hypernuclear spectroscopy using the (e,e K + ) reaction. PHysical Review C,Vol.64, No.4, p.44302, 2001 [7] R.Bradford et al. Differential Cross Sections for γ + p K + + Y for Λ and Σ 0 Hyperons. Physical Review C, Vol.73, p , 2006 [8] O.Hasimoto, L.Tange, J.Reinhold, S.N.Nakamura, et al. JLab PAC-33 proposal, January 16, 2008 [9] R., ( ) [10], ( ) [11] Spectroscopic study of light Lambda hypernuclei via the e,e K + reaction 2008 [12] e,e K + Λ K 2003 [13] e,e K + Λ K 2004 [14] p/π + K [15] 2007
80 70 B WC (Water Cherenkov counter) [16] e,e K + K 2007 [17], [18] [19] [20], [21]
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Working Group DaiMaJin DaiRittaikaku Multiparticle Jiki-Bunnsekiki Samurai7 Superconducting Analyser for Multi particles from RadioIsotope Beams with 7Tm of bending power (γ,n) softgdr, GDR non resonant
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