1 2 4 RAA Dia-rrhea Gono-rrhea Ko-rea GHQ/SCAP PHW F Crawford F. Sams

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1 No. 20 February 2013 The Policy of Public Health during the U.S. Military Occupation Period in South Korea: U.S. Military Venereal Disease Policy Hwasu Jin After the liberation from Japanese colonial rule, South Korea was occupied by the U.S. military. After that, South Korea was under the control of the U.S. military government for three years This paper explores the deployment of the public health policy of the U.S. military government in South Korea, especially focusing on the venereal disease policy. To protect the health of American soldiers, the U.S. military public health service in South Korea emphasized mainly public sanitation programs such as prevention and elimination of the epidemic. They placed more importance on ensuring the health of the U.S. military personnel. The U.S. military took the stance of a policy of suppressing prostitution, and licensed prostitution was officially outlawed under the name of democracy. However, prostitution in the occupied region was regarded as an inevitable means of entertaining male soldiers, and prostitutes were regulated to control the spread of venereal disease. A prostitution system for the U.S. military in South Korea was encouraged to ensure the health of its soldiers. Although venereal disease arises between military personnel and women, only women were seen as conduits of venereal disease, and were forced into compulsory examination and treatment. On the other hand, soldiers only were encouraged to utilize the prophylactic R John R. Hodge MacArthur

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10 Bruce Cumings, The origins of Korean War: liberation and the emergence of separate regimes, , Princeton, 1981, Katharine H.S, Moon, Sex among allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.-Korea Relations, New York: Columbia University Press, 1997 Prostitute Bodies and Gendered States, In Dangerous Women, eds. Elaine H. Kim and Chungmoo Choi, New York and London: Routledge, E E. Grant Meade Don Oberdorfer Headquarters United States Army Forces in Korea APO235, , John R. Hodge To: All Personnel, United States Army Forces In Korea, Subject: Your Health In Korea, p. 2, RG332, USAFIK, XXIV Corps, G-2 Historical Section, Record Regarding the Okinawa Campaign USAMGIK, Box SCAPIN48 208

11 Crawford. F. Sams. Medic: The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Warton Korea. New York: An East Gate Book.1998 p Medical Intelligence Division, Preventive Medicine Service. TB MED 208, Medical and Sanitary Data on Korea, Headquarters United States Army Forces in Korea APO 235, , John R. Hodge To: All Personnel, United States Army Forces In Korea, Sub: Your Health In Korea, p.2, RG332, XXIV Corps, G-2 Historical Section, Record Regarding the Okinawa Campaign USAMGIK, Box History of Surgeon s Section Headquarters XXIV Corps, September 1, 1945 to June 30, 1948 RG554, EntryA1 1378, Box RG 554 Entry A Box 70 USAFIK History of Surgeon s Section History of Surgeon s Section Headquarters XXIV Corps 1 Sep 1945 to 30 June History of Surgeon s Section Headquarters XXIV Corps, September 1,1945 to June 30,1948 RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box RG 554 Entry A Box 70 USAFIK History of Surgeon s Section History of Surgeon s Section Headquarters XXIV Corps1 Sep 1945 to 30 June History of Surgeon s Section Headquarters XXIV Corps, September 1, 1945 to June 30, 1948 RG554, EntryA1 1378, Box Charles Ennis. Colonel, Adjutant General, Venereal Disease Control Measures, August 29, 1946 Headquarters United States Army Forces in Korea, RG 554, Entry A1 1378, Box Edward F. Witsell. Major General The Adjutant General, Venereal Disease control posters, August 26, 1948 Department of the Army Office of the Adjustment General Washington 25, D.C, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box Venereal Disease September 28, 1948 Headquarters Special Troops XXIV Corps; RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box 147, September 24, 1948; Headquarters 61st Ordinance Group RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box 147, September 25, 1948; Headquarters 2D Engineer Construction Group RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box 147, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box

12 48 July 27, 1948 Headquarters USAGK, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box Headquarters XXIV Corps APO 235 RG554 Entry A USAFIK Box Harold W. James. Colonel, IGD Inspector General, Venereal Disease Council Meeting, February 7, 1948, Headquarters XXIV Corps, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box Earl L. Rhodes, Lt Col Adjutant General, Venereal Control Program in South Korea, July 27, 1948 Headquarters United States Army Military Government in Korea, RG554, EntryA1 1378, Box Essential Technical Medical Data Report for April 1949, April, 1949; RG554, Entry 1403, Box July 6, 1948 Headquarters XXIV Corps, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box J. W. Fraser Colonel Adjutant General, Venereal Disease Control and Excessive Rate, May 20, 1948, Headquarters United States Army Forces in Korea, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box Surgeon United States Army Forces in Korea,.726.1, , Venereal Disease Reports, RG 554, Entry A1 1378, Box July, 1948 RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box May 11, 1948 Headquarters XXIV Corps Office of the Surgeon APO, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box History of Surgeon s Section US Army Forces In Korea, November 15, 1948 to January 15, RG 554, Entry 1403, Box History of surgeon s section Headquarters XXIV Corps, September 1, 1945 to June 30, 1948 RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box 70, Surgeon USAFIK 726.1, 1949, Venereal Disease Reports, RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box History of surgeon s section US Army Forces In Korea, November 1948 to January , RG554, Entry A1 1378, Box 70, XXIV Corps Essential Technical Medical Date 1948 RG112, Entry 1012 AI, Box RG 554, Entry 1403, Box 87 ; XXIV Corps Essential Technical Medical Date, 1948, RG 112, Entry 1012 AI, Box February 10, 1949 RG554, Entry 1403, Box History of Surgeon s Section US Army Forces In Korea, Nov 15, 1948 to Jan 15, 1949 RG554, Entry A1. 210