R int num factor character 1 2 (dichotomous variable) (trichotomous variable) 3 (nominal scale) M F 1 2 coding as.numeric() as.integer() 2

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みそらよどぎみ
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1 p01.txt R p01 <- read.delim("p01.txt") str(p01) 100 pid int sex F M 2 Factor ht wt num data.frame : 100 obs. of 4 variables: $ pid: int $ sex: Factor w/ 2 levels "F","M": $ ht : num $ wt : num summary(p01) NA pid sex 100 ht 99 1 wt 98 2 pid sex ht wt Min. : 1.00 F:50 Min. :150.6 Min. : st Qu.: M:50 1st Qu.: st Qu.:58.08 Median : Median :165.0 Median :61.95 Mean : Mean :165.1 Mean : rd Qu.: rd Qu.: rd Qu.:66.40 Max. : Max. :181.3 Max. :76.60 NA s : 1.0 NA s : 2.00 p01s <- subset(p01,complete.cases(p01)) p01s str(p01s) summary(p01s) 97 1

2 R int num factor character 1 2 (dichotomous variable) (trichotomous variable) 3 (nominal scale) M F 1 2 coding as.numeric() as.integer() 2 as.ordered() 3 4 2

3 (ordinal scale) (Ord.factor) R as.ordered() ± + 3, 2, 1, 0.5, , 2, 1, 0.5, 0 as.ordered(o.blood) 3, 2, 1 15, , 1 1 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 (interval scale) / cm m 3

4 (ratio scale) 7 cm kg 8 TFR cm cm 170cm 2cm PowerPoint OpenOffice.org Impress PowerPoint 10 OpenOffice.org Draw Adobe Illustrator 4

5 (2005) (ISBN ) R pdf jpg png tiff Windows Macintosh Linux postscript 11 R source() 12 X R barplot(table(x)) M ± table(x) c() names() barplot() OpenOffice.org Draw 11 table() 12 source(" R Console URL R Editor 5

6 it02-3.r ob <- c(4,1,2,12,97) names(ob) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") barplot(ob,ylim=c(0,100),main=" \n ") 2 barplot() it02-4.r ob <- c(4,1,2,12,97) names(ob) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") ii <- barplot(matrix(ob,nrow(ob)),beside=f,ylim=c(0,120),main=" ") oc <- ob for (i in 1:length(ob)) { oc[i] <- sum(ob[1:i])-ob[i]/2 } text(ii,oc,paste(names(ob))) ± ± 7 50 R 6

7 it02-5.r obm <- c(0,0,1,5,47) obf <- c(4,1,1,7,50) obx <- cbind(obm,obf) rownames(obx) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") colnames(obx) <- c(" "," ") ii <- barplot(obx,beside=f,ylim=c(0,70),main=" ") oc <- obx for (i in 1:length(obx[,1])) { oc[i,1] <- sum(obx[1:i,1])-obx[i,1]/2 } for (i in 1:length(obx[,2])) { oc[i,2] <- sum(obx[1:i,2])-obx[i,2]/2 } text(ii[1],oc[,1],paste(rownames(obx))) text(ii[2],oc[,2],paste(rownames(obx))) 100% R 2 (%) 4 horiz=t it02-6.r ob <- c(4,1,2,12,97) obp <- ob/sum(ob)*100 names(obp) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") ii <- barplot(matrix(obp,nrow(obp)),horiz=t,beside=f,xlim=c(0,100), xlab="(%)",main=" ") oc <- obp for (i in 1:length(obp)) { oc[i] <- sum(obp[1:i])-obp[i]/2 } text(oc,ii,paste(names(obp))) 7

8 barplot() dotchart() it02-7.r obm <- c(0,0,1,5,47) obf <- c(4,1,1,7,50) obx <- cbind(obm,obf) rownames(obx) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") colnames(obx) <- c(" "," ") dotchart(obx) dotchart(t(obx)) 100% 8

9 13 R pie() 14 R it02-8.r ob <- c(4,1,2,12,97) names(ob) <- c("+++","++","+"," ","-") pie(ob) Excel R hist() it02-9.r dat <- read.delim(" hist(dat$ht,main=" ") 13 Cleveland Cleveland WS (1985) The elements of graphing data. Wadsworth, Monterey, CA, USA. p.264 R help 14 R-1.5 piechart()

10 qqnorm() qqline() it02-10.r dat <- read.delim(" qqnorm(dat$ht,main=" ",ylab=" (cm)") qqline(dat$ht,lty=2) (stem and leaf plot) 5 10 R stem() dat <- read.delim(" stem(dat$ht) (box and whisker plot) (median) 1/4 (first quartile) 1/4 (third quartile) source(" stem() gstem() 10

11 R boxplot() dat <- read.delim(" boxplot(dat$ht) (stripchart) R stripchart() vert=t it02-11.r dat <- read.delim(" attach(dat) mht <- tapply(ht,sex,mean) sht <- tapply(ht,sex,sd) IS <- c(1,2)+0.15 stripchart(ht~sex,method="jitter",vert=t,ylab=" (cm)") points(is,mht,pch=18) arrows(is,mht-sht,is,mht+sht,code=3,angle=90,length=.1) detach(dat) (scatter plot) R plot() plot() pch points() symbols()

12 matplot() matpoints() pairs() text() identify() dat <- read.delim(" plot(dat$ht,dat$wt,pch=paste(dat$sex),xlab=" (cm)",ylab=" (kg)") R stars() maptools ESRI GIS Excel (wt) R A

win.metafile() emf Microsoft PowerPoint OpenOffice.org Draw 2 R CRAN R (2004) [ ](2004) (2005) The R Tips R The R Tips R 6

win.metafile() emf Microsoft PowerPoint OpenOffice.org Draw 2 R CRAN R (2004) [ ](2004) (2005) The R Tips R The R Tips R 6 R 2006 7 18-19 E-mail: nminato@med.gunma-u.ac.jp 1 R R GNU General Public License Version 2 1 GIS 2 R Fisher iris Gehan MASS Windows gehan Windows Macintosh Linux FreeBSD R CDC EPIINFO EPIINFO Windows