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1 * COE * aosets@sfc.keio.ac.jp

3 20 : PAROS

5 1 2 3 ICJ de facto COPUOS: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer SpaceCOPUOS COPUOS

6 ABM ABM Treaty: Treaty between the USA and the USSR on the Limitation of Anti-ballistic Missile Systems START I START I Treaty: Treaty between the USA and the USSR on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms 1990 CFE CFE Treaty: Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe

7 USAF (2003)

8 exclusively for peaceful purposes

9 (a) 1 (b) (c)

10 2.1 4 (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (ii)

11 1 3 9 i 10 subsequent practices i IGY: International Geophysical Year See, e.g., USAF (2004) (b) IGY

12 ii XII exclusively for peaceful purposes peaceful = non-military XIII ad hoccopuos COPUOS XIV COPUOS COPUOS iii Discoverer SAMOS MIDAS 62 COPUOS Vlasic (1991) p USACDA (1963) p.871.

13 COPUOS 1960 A/AC.105/C.1/PR.66, p.12a AC COPUOS C.1 PR A/AC.105/C.2/ PR.63, p.56c.2 (A/AC.105/C.2/PR.62, p.11) (A/AC.105/C.2/PR71, p.62)a/ac.105/c.2/pr.70, pp (A/AC.105/ C.2/PR70, p.11) (A/C.1/SR.1492, p.4) ( A/ AC.105/C.2/PR70, pp.32-35) A/C.1/SR.1493, p.16sr A/AC.105/C.1/SR.1493, p

14 COPUOS 16 4 i ii 51 4 peaceful=non-aggressive

15 1972 ABM ABM ABM space-based ABM 5 1 ABM ABM ABM ABM ABM D ABM 4 ABM CD: Committee on Disarmament CD 1984 CD: Conference on Disarmament CD PAROS: Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space 4 65 CD 95 NPT: Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (CTBT: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty) NPT

16 CTBT CD FMCT: Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty FMCT PAROS PAROS CD PAROS CD 1 PAROS 2 PAROS 3 PAROS 4 PAROS 5 CD PAROS 19 CD PAROS PAROS 1.1 CD PAROS CD OECD GARes.49/72 (1995) GA Res 49/ , GARes 50/69 (1996), GARes51/44 (1997), GA Res 52/37(1998), GARes 53/76 (1999), GARes 52/53 (2000), GARes 55/32 (2001) PAROS Alves (1991) p.60.

17 passive 24 (i) (ii) CD 2 CD CD defensive offensive, passive active militarization weaponization militarization weaponization weaponization militarization 25 i PAROS 31 1 a b 21 Ibid., p Press Document, 26 August 2004, "China and Russia Present New Contributions to Conference on Banning Weapons in Outer Space." 23 Ibid. 24 CD/PV.958 (3 June, 2004), p See, e.g., CD/1281 (1994) esp., para.32.; CD1569 (1999) ; CD/1576 (1999) see, Alves 1991, Chap.1.

18 c 3 4 ASAT: Anti-Satellite ii PAROS PAROS 2000 CD/ CD/1679 PAROS a. b. c. 27 PAROS 26 Ibid. 27 Alves (1991) pp

19 4 or any type of space weapons 28 ASAT ASAT ASAT ASAT 29 ASAT ASAT 30 4 i a. b. c. d. e COPUOS 4 OOSA: Office for Outer Space Affairs 28 See, e.g., CD/PV398 (1987); CD/939 (1989). 29 See, e.g., CD/807 (1988); CD/548 (1990). 30 CD/PV486 (1989) a state which procures the launching 4 1 c (a)

20 ii ISMA 3.3 ( )a Code of Conduct, Rule of the Road 33 iii 1978 ISMA PAXSAT PAXSAT A PAXSAT B 36 CD PAROS PAROS CD i NTM 1972 ABM See, e.g., CD/937(1989); CD/PV486 (1989). 34 Alves (1991) pp Osborn (1987) pp CSA 2002

21 NTM: National Technical Means of Verification SALT I: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I NTM INF: Intermediate INF Treaty: Treaty between the USA and the USSR on the Elimination of their Intermediate-range and Shorter-range Missiles START I START II NTM 1990 CFE NTM ii a. ISMA ISMA: International Satellite Monitoring Agency ISMA 38 ISMA ISMA 40 b. ISMA CD ISMA SPOT LANDSAT Ushioda(=Aoki), (1992), p UN Doc. A/S-10/AC.1/7 (1978). 39 UN Doc. A/AC.206/14 (1981). 40 Ushioda(=Aoki) (1992) Chapter V., pp

22 1991 WEU: Western European Union 41 WEU SPOT HELIOS 1995 WEU WEU iii ASAT 2 ASAT ASAT ASAT ASAT ASAT ASAT SIPRI Defense News ASAT ASAT ASAT 42 MIRACL: Mid-Infrared Advanced Chemical Laser MIRACL 1996 MSTI-3 44 ASAT 41 WEU 1991 EU J Pike (2002), p W.J.Broad, "Military is hoping to test-fire laser against satellite," New York Times (1 Sept. 1997).

23 BMD: Ballistic Missile Defense BMD 45 BMD ASAT ASAT RMA RMA: Revolution in Military Affairs RMA 48 RMA SPOT NRO: National Reconnaisance Office MTR: Military Technology RevolutionMTR MTR RMA Nye, Jr. & Owens (1996) pp Janani & Perry 1982 pp & Appendix-3.

24 NIMA National Imaging and Mapping Agency GPS Global Positionng System SA: Selective Availability 54 GPS GPS GPS 55 RMA 4 ASAT 1.3 A B ASAT B

25 C C A B

26 RMA RMA2001 Pericles Gasparini Alves, Prevention of Arms Race in Outer Space:A Guide to the Discussions in the Conference on Disarmament, (Geneva:UNIDIR,1991). W.J.Broad, Military is hoping to test-fire laser against satellite, New York Times (1 Sept. 1997). B.Janani & G. E. Perry, Military Activities in Outer Space, B. Jasani.ed., Outer Space: A New Dimension of the Arms Race (London:Taylor& Francis, 1982). O'Manique, ed., A Proxy for Trust: Views on the Verification Issue in Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations (Ottawa: The Norman Patterson School of International Affairs, 1987). Joseph S. Nye, Jr. & William A. Owens, America's Information Edge, Foreign Affairs, vol.75, No.2 (April, 1996). John Pike, The Military Uses of Outer Space, in SIPRI Yearbook 2002: Armaments, Disarmament and international Security (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2002). USAF, The U.S. Air Force Transformation Flight Plan (Washington: GPO, 2003). USAF, Counter Operations (Air Force Document 2-2.1, August 2004). United States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Documents on Disarmament 1962 (Washington, D.C.:GPO, 1963). Setsuko Ushioda (=Aoki), Satellite-Based Multilateral Arms Control Verification Schemes and International Law (Doctoral Dissertation)(Montreal: McGill Univ., 1992). Ivan A. Vlasic, The Legal Aspects of Peaceful and Non-Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, in Bhupendra Jasani, ed., Peafecul and Non-Peaceful Uses of Outer Space :Problems of Definition for the Prevention of Arms Race (London:Taylor & Francis, 1991). Loring Wirbel, Star Wars: US Tools of Space Spremacy (London: Pluto Press, 2004).

27 * Michio Umegaki Human Security: Some Conceptual Issues November 2003 for Policy Research GIS CDM PFI Lynn Thiesmeyer Human Insecurity and Development Policy in Asia: January 2004 Land, Food, Work and HIV in Rural Communities in Thailand CDM * COE PDF coe2-sec@sfc.keio.ac.jp coe2-wp@sfc.keio.ac.jp <

28 Yoshika Sekine, Air Quality Watch in Inland China February 2004 Zhi-Ming YANG for Human Security and Xue-Ping WANG 16 Patcharawalai Human Security and Transnational Migration: February 2004 Wongboonsin The Case in Thailand 17 Mitsuaki Okabe The Financial System and Corporate Governance February 2004 in Japan 18 Isao Yanagimachi Chaebol Reform and Corporate Governance February 2004 in Korea RFID B2B 24 CO Jae Edmonds Implications of a Technology Strategy to Address March 2004 Climate Change for the Evolution of Global Trade and Investment 26 Bernd Meyerab Economic Growth of the EU and Asia. A First Forecast March 2004 Christian Lutza with the Global Econometric Model GINFORS Marc Ingo Woltera 27 Wei Zhihong Economic Development and Energy Issues in China March Yoginder K. Alagh Common Futures and Politics March 2004

29 29 Guifen Pei China s Financial Industry and Asset Management April 2004 Sayuri Shirai Companies Problems and Challenges 30 Kinnosuke Yagi Decentralization in Japan April Sayuri Shirai An Overview of the Growing Local Government April 2004 Fiscal Problems in Japan 32 Sayuri Shirai The Role of the Local Allocation Tax and Rerorm April 2004 Agenda in Japan Implication to Developing Countries ODA NPO

30 EU 48 Hideki Kaji Human Security of the Mega-cities July 2004 Kenichi Ishibashi in East and South-East Asia Yumiko Usui 49 Takashi Terada Thorny Progress in the Institutionalization of July 2004 ASEAN+3: Deficient China Japan Leadership and the ASEAN Divide for Regional Governance 50 Sayuri Shirai Recent Trends in External Debt Management Practices, September 2004 Global Governance, and the Nature of Economic Crises In Search of Sustainable Economic Development Polices 51 Sayuri Shirai Japan, the IMF and Global Governance September 2004 Inter-Disciplinary Approach to Human Security and Development 52 Sarunya Benjakul Equity of Health Care Utilization by the Elderly September 2004 Population in Thailand during the Periods of the Economic Bubble and after the Economic Crisis: Human Security and Health Policy Options EU 54 Yuichi Ito Globalisation, Regional Transformation and Governance January 2005 The Case of East Asian Countries 55 东北亚经济空间形成中的流通环境分析 [ ] 56 运用京都协议书清洁开发机制 (CDM) 构筑可持续的植树造林机制日本庆应义塾大学与中国沈阳市林业局合作造林的实践经验 [ ] 57 ODA EIA

31 EU ? : Lee-Carter

33 COE COE COE Policy and Governance Research Data and Document Series COE. COE. MS-Word LaTeX camera-ready manuscript. COE COE COE COE COE. 10 Photoshop EPS

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No.41（草野・近藤）

No.41（草野・近藤） * ** 2004 5 21 COE * bobby@sfc.keio.ac.jp ** mkjmsdf@sfc.keio.ac.jp 2001 9 11 1 2 1 1) 1 2) 11990 20 22 21990 90 91 3) 9 2001 9 11 10 7 9 12 6 31997 9 17 9 19 7 1 2 34 56 7 4) 10 9 30 10 5 10 7 10 16