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1 Canale 1984 O'Malley 1990 & Chamot e.g. Randall, 1991; Carver, 1982;, Hausfeld, 1981; Stchit, et al, 1974 Chamot & O' Malley, 1996 Sato & Jaco (internalize) fmri PET 321

2 internalize comprehensible input Krashen 1981, 1982, 1985 intake Corder, 1967 (Sato & Jacobs, 1992) 1980 Danks Grabe

3 1966 Goodman Wanat Bormuth (1971) 323

4 1980 Danks Frith and Frackowiak

5 1970 phonological coding EMG Frackowiak, 1993; Howard et al, Pri 325

6 1996 Howard,D et.al, 1 PET, f MRI Hb-O2 Hb fmri PET PET fmri fmri 326

7 PET fmri, 2001;, 2000 Sato 1992 & Jacob tion NRT the necleus reticularis thalami sellective attention 327

8 328

9 2000 Sato & Jacobs 1992 Sellective attention 329

10 (39 40 Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading Listening Reading 330

11 331

12 Gale, 1990; Levelt,

13 Brodmann, K., Vergleichende Lokaizationslehre der GroBhirnrinde, p13, Barth, Leipzig. Bormuth, J, R, Review of Durrell listening-reading series. In O. K. Buros Ed., The Seventh mental measurement yearbook. Highland Park, N. J.: Gryphon Press. 333

14 Canale, M Considerataion in the testing of reading and listening proficiency. Foreign Language Annals 17: Carver, R. P Optimal rate of reading prose. Reading Research Quarterly, 18, Corder, S. P The significance of learners' errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, Danks, J. H Comprehension in listening and reading: Same or different? Reading and Understanding.Ed. Joseph. Danks & Kathy Pezdek, Newark, DE: International Reading Association.,1-39. Gale, M., S Convergence4 of listening and reading processing. Reading Research Quarterly, Spring., Grabe. W Current developments in second language reading research. TESOL Quarterly 25: Goodman, K. S A pycholinguistic view of reading comprehension. In G. B. Schick and M. M. May Eds., The fifteenth yearbook of the National Reading Conference. Milwaukee: National Reading Conference. Hausfeld, S Speeded reading and listening comprehension for easy and difficult materials. Journal or Educational Psychology, Howard,D. et. al The cortical localiation of the lexicons: Positoron emission tomography evidence. Brain, 115, Computer Today 5, 103. Krashen, S Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford: Pergarnon Press. Krashen, S Principles and practice in second langauge acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press. Krashen, S The input hypothesis: Issues and Implications. London: Longman. Levelt, W. J. M The architecture of normal spoken language use. In G. Blanken, et. al. eds., Linguistic Disorders and Pathologies: An International Handbook Berlin: de Gruyter. McGuigan, F. J Covert oral behavior during the silent perfomance of language tasks. Psychological Bulletin 74:

15 O'Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U Learning strategies in second languageacquuisition. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Paulesu, E.,Frith, C. D.,& Frackowiak, R.. S. J The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory. Natures, 362, Price, C., Wise,. R., Ramsay, S., Friston. K., Howard, D., Patterson, K., & Frackowiak., R Regional response differences within the human auditory cortex when listening to word. Neurosciences Letters, 146, Randall, L A comparison of second language listening and reading comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 75, Sato, E. Jacobs, B From input to intake: Towards a brain-based perspective of selective attention. Issues in Applied Linguistics. Regents of the University of California. Stchit, T.G., Beck, L. J. Hauke, R. N., Kleiman, G. M., & James, J. H Auding and reading: A developmental model. Alexandria, VA: Human Resources Research Organization Radioisotope Wanat, S. F Linguistic structure in reading: Model from the research of Projcet Literacy. in F. B. Davix Ed., The literature of research in reading with emphasis on models. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers- The State University. Weaver, W. W., & Kingston, A. J Modeling the effects of oral language upon reading language. In F. B. Davis Ed., The literature of research in reading with emphasis on models. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers. The State University. 335

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15 1970 Bransford, Barclay, & Franks, 1972; Mani & Johnson-Laird, 1982 3 Kintsch, Welsch, Schmalhofer, & Zimny, 1990 16 Kintsch, 1988; Kintsch, 1998; van Dijk & Kintsch, 1983 3 3 Glenberg, Meyer, and Lindem

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