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1 Kyushu Communication Studies, Vol. 6, 2008, pp Public, Private and Territory: Analysis on Family and House HIRANO Junya Kumamoto University MATSUMOTO Tomoko Graduate Student, Kyushu University Abstract: After witnessing tragic incidents by children taking place in their own private rooms, many studies investigate the relationship between housing structures and their affects on children. Other studies also aim to discover the causality between social withdrawal and private rooms. However, these studies tend to examine only the surface of the problem. In contrast, the present study investigates the transformative process from private sphere to territorial sphere by analyzing changes in structures of houses and notions of families in Japan. The first part of this paper explains how a house, a gathering place for family members, has become a sort of shelter, providing each family member with their own private room. In this new type of house, family as the smallest societal group is no longer important because each member has access to the society without directly interacting with others. The second portion describes how the notions of family have been changed and asserts that the relational process, Society-Family-Individual is replaced with another one, Society-Individual, due to the disappearance of the traditional family structure. The third section discusses the relationship between public and private. Since the relationship is reciprocal, when one side disappears, another one collapses, meaning that if family (private) does not function well anymore, it damages society (public). This study argues that the private sphere has become a place of privacy territorial sphere where one must protect oneself from others. In this case, the other is not someone to be welcomed but a possible 1

2 invader. This also transforms the public, a political sphere in the Aristotelian sense, into a mere gathering place, where people come together just as other animals do. Aristotle defines humans as political animals. Without political characteristics, humans only behave like animals. To some extent, the loss of human political aspects is caused by the disappearance of family. 1968/1980 p. 22 Hall 1966/1969 proxemics 2000a 2000b

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5 nldk 2006 nldk 12) 51C nldk 1989 p.237 (1970) pp a p. 67 nldk 1885/1979 p. 22 5

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13 2004 p p. 6 private privacy prive privare 20) Privare privation Private privatus 13

14 Private privatues publicus public 2004 Arendt 1958/1998 Arendt Arendt 2001 Arendt 2001 p. 113 p

15 Arendt 1958/1998 Arendt Hall (1966/1969) Hall

16 right to private property 1890 right to be left alone 21) p ) Arendt 1958/ p

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19 p. 110 Hall 1966/1969 1) 1994 pp ) 1995 pp ) p. 35 4) 2004 p ) 1995 p. 35 6) 2001 p ) 2004 p ) 51C 1995 p

20 9) ) ) 3LDK 1995 p ) ) ) ) 1995 p ) Hall To us the walls of a house are fixed. In Japan they are semifixed. The walls are movable and rooms are multipurpose. pp ) ) ) 2006b 20) ) 2000 p ) )

21 pp F < pp a b 11(3) pp pp TOTO OK OK C C

22 NTT pp M (2003) 2002 pp C 51C pp J pp E. S a 2006b 1994 PHP Arendt, H. (1998). The human condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1958) Hall, T. E. (1969) The hidden dimension. New York: Anchor Books. (Original Published 1966) Hall, T. E., & Hall, M. R. (1990). Hidden difference s: Doing business with the Japanese. New York: Anchor Books. (Original Published 1987) 22

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