Volum_3punct.p65

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1 13English-Russian Glossary of Terms Used in Environmental Enforcement and Compliance Promotion OECD 2002 ORGANISATION 1 7OR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT 1

2 13ORGANISATION 1 7OR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT OECD CENTRE 1 7OR CO-OPERATION WITH NON-MEMBERS Pursuant to Article 1 of the Convention signed in Paris on 14 th December 1960, and which came into force on 30 th September 1961, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) shall promote policies designed: 6ｦ1 to achieve the highest sustainable economic growth and employment and a rising standard of living in Member countries, while maintaining financial stability, and thus to contribute to the development of the world economy; 6ｦ1 to contribute to sound economic expansion in member as well as nonmember countries in the process of economic development; and 6ｦ1 to contribute to the expansion of world trade on a multilateral, nondiscriminatory basis in accordance with international obligations. The original Member countries of the OECD are Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, 1 7rance, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. The following countries became Members subsequently through accession at the dates indicated hereafter: Japan (28 th April 1964), 1 7inland (28 th January 1969), Australia (7 th June 1971), New Zealand (29 th May 1973), Mexico (18 th May 1994), the Czech Republic (21 st December 1995), Hungary (7 th May 1996), Poland (22 nd November 1996), Korea (12 th December 1996), and the Slovak Republic (14 th December 2000). The Commission of the European Communities takes part in the work of the OECD (Article 13 of the OECD Convention). The OECD Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members (CCNM) promotes and coordinates OECD ｯs policy dialogue and co-operation with economies outside the OECD area. The OECD currently maintains policy co-operation with approximately 70 non-member economies. The essence of CCNM co-operative programmes with non-members is to make the rich and varied assets of the OECD available beyond its current Membership to interested non-members. 1 7or example, the OECD ｯs unique co-operative working methods that have been developed over many years; a stock of best practices across all areas of public policy experiences among Members; on-going policy dialogue among senior representatives from capitals, reinforced by reciprocal peer pressure; and the capacity to address interdisciplinary issues. All of this is supported by a rich historical database and strong analytical capacity within the Secretariat. Likewise, Member countries benefit from the exchange of experience with experts and officials from non-member economies. The CCNM ｯs programmes cover the major policy areas of OECD expertise that are of mutual interest to non-members. These include: economic monitoring, structural adjustment through sectoral policies, trade policy, international investment, financial sector reform, international taxation, environment, agriculture, labour market, education and social policy, as well as innovation and technological policy development. 08 OECD 2003 Permission to reproduce a portion of this work for non-commercial purposes or classroom use should be obtained through the Centre fran04ais d ｯexploitation du droit de copie (C1 7C), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, Paris, 1 7rance, Tel. (33-1) , 1 7ax (33-1) , for every country except the United States. In the United States permission should be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508) , 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, or CCC Online: All other applications to reproduce or translate all or part of this book should be made to OECD Publications, 2, rue Andrｨｦ-Pascal, Paris Cedex 16, 1 7rance. 2 3

3 1308ｨｪ ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｹ ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ O ﾁ ﾁ

4 ﾁ ﾁ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ02ｨｦ ｨｪ0902ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09 03ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｨ 0909ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ090302ｨｦ 09 09ｨｨ05ｨｮ ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ , ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ07 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07 ( ) ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0609ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ : 6ｦ ｨｰｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｨ 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01- ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 00ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺ05ｨ 01ｨ 09 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｬｨｨ ｨｦ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｨ; 6ｦ1 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺ05ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01- ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07; ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 6ｦ1 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺ05ｨ 01ｨ 09 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｪ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0609ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 08 ﾂｨｨ0905ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ﾂ0502ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｨ07, ｨｹ00ｨｨ07, ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ07, 02ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｪ01ｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｪ01ｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, 06ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ07, 08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨ, 0906ｨｺ0902ｨｬｨ ｨｮ0800, 01ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｨ07, ｨｰｨｮ00ｨ 05ｨｨ07, ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0906, ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ04, 06ｨｮ0802ｨｨ07, 0808ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｨ07, ｨｦ02ｨ 08ｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｨ07. 01ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ04 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0202, 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 01ｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨ 01: ｨｪｨｨ07 (28 ｨ ), 08ｨｨｨｪ0507ｨｪ01ｨｨ07 (28 07ｨｪ09ｨ ), ｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｨ07 (7 ｨｨ06ｨｪ ), ｨ ｨ ｨｪ01ｨｨ07 (29 ｨｬｨ ), 0002ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｺｨ (18 ｨｬｨ ), ﾁ0201ｨｨ07 ( ｨｺｨ ｨ ), 0002ｨｪ0008ｨｨ07 (7 ｨｬｨ ), ｨｹ03ｨ (22 ｨｪ0607ｨ ), ( ｨｺｨ ｨ ) ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｨ07 ( ｨｺｨ ｨ ). 0806ｨｬｨｨ0909ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ (05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0902ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ ) ﾁ , ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ (0002ｨｪｨｰ08) ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 01ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 09 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 0002ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨｰ; ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｦ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ; ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ09 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02 09 ｨｮ ｨｨ0701 ｨｺ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ; ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｬ020306ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｬ ｨｰｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02ｨｬ 06ｨ 03ｨｨ08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0706ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 0506ｨｬ 0502ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06, 0708ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 0600ｨｨ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨ , ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05 ｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ04- ﾂ0502ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬ 06ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ0907, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04, 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 06ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ, ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｨｨｪ090209ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｬｨ 00ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ, ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨ ｨ, ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906, 0804ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨ, ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 09 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ OECD ｨ 0709ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ0401ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ0208 ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706 ｨ ｨｮ: Centre fran04ais d ｯexploitation du droit de copie (C1 7C), 20 rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006, Paris, 1 7rance, ｨｰ0205. (33-1) , 00ｨ ｨｺ09 (33-1) ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｺ0806ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, (508) , 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA ｨｨ05ｨｨ CCC Online: ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 0709ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ0401ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706 ｨ ｨｮ: OECD Publications, 2, rue Andrｨｦ Pascal, PARIS CEDEX 16, 1 7rance. 6 7

5 131 7OREWORD The countries of Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA) are reforming their environmental enforcement and compliance promotion strategies and tools, and the related institutions. These steps are necessary in order to strengthen environmental management systems in conjunction with their transition to democratic, market-based societies. This bilingual glossary aims to support these efforts by defining the meaning of key terms used in environmental enforcement and compliance promotion systems in OECD and EECCA countries. Also it aims to facilitate a better dialogue among environmental officials and practitioners within the EECCA region and to support a more effective transfer of international experience. This glossary, which was prepared by a team of experts from OECD and EECCA countries, is one of the environmental activities undertaken within the programme of work coordinated by OECD ｯs Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members. These activities are implemented under the umbrella of the Task 1 7orce for the Implementation of Environmental Action Programmes for Central and Eastern Europe (EAP Task 1 7orce), for which the OECD Environment Directorate serves as secretariat. 1 7inancial support to develop and publish this volume was provided by the Netherlands and the European Commission. The views expressed in this publication are those of authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD or its Member countries. The glossary is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｺ 0102ｨｬ06ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｨ 0804ｨｪ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨｨｺ02, 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ , 08ｨ 09ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｨ 0002ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0804ｨｨｨｨ ( ) 09ｨｰ0802ｨｬ07ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0200ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｴ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 01ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0109ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｲ0709ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｦ 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ , ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ06 01ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 0802ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｮ070706ｨｦ 05ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ0106ｨｦ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ( ), ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 02ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ. 04ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｨ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ07 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04 01ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0806ｨｬｨｨ0909ｨｨｨｨ. Ken Ruffing Acting Director Environment Directorate Eric Burgeat Director Centre for Co-operation with Non-Members 00ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 06ｨｰ08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ- ﾂ0502ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 03ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0208ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ ｨｪ 04ｨ 0000ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ 02ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨｨｺ 09ｨｮ0803ｨ 02ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ

6 13TABLE O1 7 CONTENTS / INTRODUCTION 1 7OREWORD INTRODUCTION CORPUS O1 7 TERMS / INDEX / BIBLIOGRAPHY / Audience and Objectives This glossary is addressed to policy and lawmakers, inspectors, other government officials, NGO and academics, consultants, etc. - all those engaged with enforcement and compliance promotion activities. To a large extent, it is designed to create a shared East/ West understanding of the environmental enforcement and compliance promotion terminology. However, the glossary may be helpful not only as an analytical document, but also as a means to help strengthen regional and international networking. It may also facilitate dialogue and cooperation among those working on environmental enforcement and compliance in OECD countries and in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. At the same time, readers should understand what the glossary is not. It is neither a compilation of legal terms for direct transposition into domestic legislation nor an anthology of terms originating in national legislation or technical papers of the OECD and EECCA countries. Such a task is hardly possible to accomplish when one has to deal with a wide spectrum of terms and their interpretations in countries that have different social, economic and cultural backgrounds. How to use this glossary? In the main body of the glossary, entries have been compiled alphabetically by the English term. Russian text follows the English version. At the end of the glossary, an index of terms and acronyms can be found to facilitate their retrieval. The indices refer to the term for which a definition can be found in the main text. The words in italic characters within the text mean that a definition is also available for this term. The synonyms are formatted in bold italic characters. Where possible, web sites are indicated to enable readers to access more detailed information on certain topics. The glossary also includes a list of relevant literature and contains references to both English and Russian language documents. Among the latter are many environmental law manuals and glossaries that appeared in following a high demand from practitioners and academic circles. These other glossaries are in Russian only, are specific to Russian legislation and are mainly technical in nature. Therefore the present glossary does not replicate them and addresses a wider audience and wider issues in the field of environmental enforcement and compliance. How the glossary was developed? The development of the glossary was challenging. Democratic changes and transition to a market economy in the EECCA region opened up new channels of communication. New notions enriched the enforcement and compliance terminology through these channels. At the same time, some terms used under the Soviet-type 00command-and-control03 system have acquired new connotations. Some other terms are specific to EECCA region and completely unknown in the OECD countries. Identifying and describing such terms required involving experts with a number of different backgrounds from OECD and EECCA countries. The project team, step by step, integrated in one document the knowledge accumulated during the last decades. The selection of terms followed one key criterion: each term had 10 11

7 13to be used in compliance promotion and enforcement or have significance for this field. As a result, the corpus of terms contains a mixture of policy, legal, management and technical terms. However, authors tried to focus on the vocabulary of environmental enforcers and not repeat the standard selection of environmental or environmental law terms. Since the glossary had to be user-friendly and address the needs of various target groups, any excessively technical terms were avoided. The original version of the glossary is English. Translation into Russian was a difficult task, since several notions do not have a 00routine03 use thus miss definite terms. The OECD Secretariat of the EAP Task 1 7orce 1 managed the process from its initial conception to the glossary ｯs publication. The Secretariat will also disseminate the glossary and receive feedback from its users through the network of environmental policy makers and enforcement professionals, which was established in 1999 under the EAP Task 1 7orce auspices. Project team comprised the following experts (in alphabetical order): Ms Angela BULARGA - project manager, EAP Task 1 7orce Secretariat, Ms Marina EGOROVA - lawyer and environmental specialist, consultant to the Environmental Committee of the Russian Duma, Mr Rob GLASER - consultant, former head of the International Relations Department at the Dutch Environmental Inspectorate, Ms Irina KRASNOVA - lawyer, professor, Russian Academy of Civil Service (scientific editor of Russian version), Mr Stanislav KULD - translator, Ms Valentina KUZMICI - environmental expert, Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian 1 7ederation, Mr Krzysztof MICHALAK - head of environmental policy programme area, EAP Task 1 7orce Secretariat, Mr Valeriu MOSANU - environmental specialist, consultant to Moldovan State Environmental Inspectorate, Ms Anna POUSTYNTSEVA - corrector, Mr Norman SHERIDAN - lawyer and environmental specialist (and scientific editor of English version). 1 7eedback 1 7uture developments might influence both the understanding of certain terms and the corpus of terms, which is expanding continuously. Therefore the glossary is intended to become a 00living03 document, with updates and additions. With this in mind, the authors will be grateful if comments are provided on selection and definition of terms. Please send your comments to the address env.contact@oecd.org with a subject line 00English-Russian Glossary of Terms03. 1 In 1993, at the 00Environment for Europe03 Ministerial Conference in Lucerne Environment Ministers established a Task 1 7orce to facilitate the implementation of Environmental Action Programme (EAP Task 1 7orce) and in particular to assist Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the EECCA countries in: - integrating environmental considerations into the process of economic and political reform; - upgrading institutional and human capacities for environmental management; - broadening political support for environmental improvement, and - mobilising and cost-effective use of financial resources ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨ 07 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ07 ｨｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 02ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｨ02, 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｮ, 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｨｨｪ090702ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ0609, ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨｰ.07. ｨC ｨｰ0201, ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｴ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｴ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ ｨｨ 05ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ. 02ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ06 01ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ 0904ｨ ｨｨｨｬ060102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ , ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ , ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 09ｨｺｨ 0402 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0804ｨｨｨｨ. 00 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0608ｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ 0608ｨｨ01ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ020902ｨｪ04 09 ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ0906, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ 01 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ 07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｺ ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ0605ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01, 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮ00 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ, 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｨ07ｨｬ. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｨ02ｨｬ? ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹｨｨ ｨｰ080602ｨｪ04 09 ｨ 0500ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬ. 04ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹｨｨ. 00 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮ0106ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ02ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609 ｨｨ 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 00 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ04, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ0906ｨｬ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ. 04ｨｨ08ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ0906ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｪ04 09ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｺ0802ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 05ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺ ﾂｨｪ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609 ｨｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ. 07ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02, 06ｨｰ08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｨ ｨｪ060907ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ02, ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪ 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ? 04ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｮ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ

8 130102ｨｬ06ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ 0804ｨｪ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ, ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0807 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ, 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 06ｨ 0600ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 00 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ04, ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06-ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｺ ｨｨ0601ｨ, 0708ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｰ02ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ 0506 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ07 05ｨｺ ｨｰ0609 ｨｨ04 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ , ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ0609, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 0903ｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨｨ02ｨｬ, 09ｨｰ0802ｨｬｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ 06ｨ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ0502ｨｰｨｨｨｦ. 0004ｨ 0608 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ 0201ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｨ: ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｪ 05ｨｨｨ 06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 05ｨｨｨ 06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｮ 05ｨｰ ｨｺ060807ｨｮ09 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02, 0608ｨｨ01ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02, ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｰ0802ｨｬｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ02, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｬ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ , ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ060802ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609, ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｮ0707 ｨｮ04ｨｺ06ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｨ. ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ090702ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 01ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ010609, 00ｨ 08ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨC 0608ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ 0806ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 02ｨｮｨｬ ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 0608ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨC 0608ｨｨ09ｨｰ, ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨ 0102ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0905ｨｮ03ｨ 04 (ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｮ0909ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ), 00ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｨｨｪｨ ﾁ ｨC ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , 00ｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ020809ｨｰ ｨｨ080601ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 05ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ0905ｨ ｨC ﾂｨｨｨｺ, 0803ｨｨ03ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｺ02, 0502ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ , 00ｨ ｨｨｨｮ ｨC ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ090702ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ , 08ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨC ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰ0608, ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨC 0608ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ (ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ). 02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ 02ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ080702ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨ ｨｬ040905ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｰ , ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ 01ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｪ06 06ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨｹ. 0809ｨｰ060809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0802ｨｪ 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 09ｨ 03ｨｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0706 ｨ ｨｮ 09 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ : 00English-Russian Glossary of Terms ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ06 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｮ, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｮ0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｮ09ｨｰ ｨｬ0907 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ02. 04ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ 01ｨｨ0701, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 07 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨ07, 0609ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｹ 0502ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｨ07 ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ0609 ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ0106ｨｦ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ04 (ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0500ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02): 08ｨｪ030205ｨ ｨC 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｺｨｰｨ, 0502ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ , 0406ｨ ｨC ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ, ｨ ｨｨｨｦ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ 02ｨｰ010205ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｮ ｨｮ0707ｨｮ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ( ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ) ｨｨ, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ 0002ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ (000003) ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0706: - ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ; - ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨ, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06; - ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 00ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ

9 13Corpus of Terms / ｨｬｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ

10 13A A A Abatement Reduction of the level of impact, or suppression of pollution. Often, pollution abatement is achieved by end-of-pipe or technological changes in the production process, but implementation costs, particularly for small firms, can be high. New industries, or industries new to a particular country, have the advantage of being able to consider investing in the latest available solutions, with waste minimisation and emission abatement technology fully integrated into processes. The flexibility of a process for improving pollution abatement varies among industrial sectors. In many companies, existing industrial capital may not allow much flexibility, and it can be difficult to accommodate even small changes in production processes. As a result, companies have tended to control emissions by use of 07end-of-pipe technology ｨｹｨ ｨ 09 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0202ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｰ08ｨｮｨ 0403 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨ, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 09ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦ, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ09, ｨ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02, ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ090209ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ04 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 0608ｨｹｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ 0905ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ- 04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ06 00ｨｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0608ｨｹｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0906 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701 ｨｪ02 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 0302 ｨｪ0204ｨｪｨ - ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ0701 ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｰ08ｨｮｨ ABEL (computer model) In environmental enforcement cases, the respondent may claim an inability to pay the penalty or afford environmental expenditure. Under the goal of fair and equitable treatment of the regulated community, the United States Environment Protection Agency (EPA) developed ABEL, a computer model for analysing the capacity of a company to afford compliance costs, the ability to pay a civil penalty or clean-up costs. Both the model and the companion ABEL User ｯs Manual are available on EPA ｯs enforcement and compliance Internet site ( econmodels). Other models that evaluate claims of inability to pay are INDIPAY and MUNIPAY. See also the entry on BEN model. 0806ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬ ｨｹ ABEL 0308ｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ, 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ 0709ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｰ09 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ0705ｨ ｨｰｨｮ 03ｨｰ08ｨ 00ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｬ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ , ｨｪｨｰ09ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 18 19

11 13A ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ 0405ｨ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬ ｨｹ ABEL, ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ060006, ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｮ0705ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 03ｨｰ08ｨ 00 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0706ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨｰｨｺ02 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｬ ｨｹ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｪｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ( programs/econmodels) ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 ｨｪ020705ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0706ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ ｨｨ INDIPAY ｨｨ MUNIPAY. 05ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ06 06 ｨｬ ｨｨ BEN. Abet To encourage persons in wrongdoing, to entice wrongdoings against the law. In many legal systems a person who abets the commission of an environmental harm may also be held liable for that harm ｨｰ0802ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｺ0506ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ, 0706ｨ ｨｮ0301ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ090604ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ, 05ｨｨ0206, 09ｨｨｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｰ0802ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ0902 ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ. Abnormal operating conditions Conditions identified by a company and/or the competent authority that are characterised by a malfunction or deviation from the standard operation of an installation or process. Abnormal operating conditions might result in damage to persons, the environment or property. Some examples of abnormal operating conditions may include, but are not limited to, disturbances or failures of abatement devices, the discharge into the environment of substance(s) that exceeds and deviates considerably from pre-set ranges and/or the prescribed emission limit values. In OECD countries, emission allowances are made in permit conditions for these circumstances, mostly for a certain time (hours) or for a number of times per year. The permit conditions also require the operator to immediately inform the competent authority of the incident of abnormal operation conditions and to carry out an investigation into the circumstances of the incident, with recommendations so as to avoid a recurrence. 02ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0906ｨ 0402 ｨｮ ｨｨ07 05ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｺｨ 0406ｨｬ 09 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02, ｨ 0607ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ060906ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬ, 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ. 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ 0404 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09, 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ; 09ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨｮ ｨｮ 04ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ 01, 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪ0608ｨｬ04 ｨｨ/ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 0904ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ, 0708ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｬ 09 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0701 ﾂｨ ｨｴ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨ 01) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｨ07ｨｬ, ｨｮ09ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0204ｨ ｨｬ020105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09, 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪ0203ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ060802ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ. AC IMPEL network A former network of environmental enforcement agencies, created for the benefit of the so-called 07accession countries09 (candidate countries for membership of the European Union). Its main role was to support those states to meet their obligations in the field of environmental legislation, specifically in terms of implementation and enforcement. In June 2002, the decision that AC-IMPEL members would join the IMPEL network was taken. 0502ｨｰｨｹ AC IMPEL 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ 0903ｨ 07 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ090702ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ-ｨｺｨ ｨｪ01ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0909ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ 0902ｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ01 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 00 ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ AC-IMPEL ｨｺ 0902ｨｰｨｨ IMPEL. Accident Events occurring unintentionally or are unexpected, unwanted, and unforeseen, and causing damage, injury, etc. Accidents can result in pollutant discharges and physical effects on the environment (e.g., fire and explosions) which are neither expected nor allowed during the course of normal industrial operations. The basic differences between accidents and routine operations, in terms of their potential pressures on the environment and human populations, relate to the following general parameters: the toxicity of discharges, the volume and rate of release, and flammability and explosiveness. Much can be done to prevent accidents, e.g. good planning, management and control of the routine activities in question. Accidents are registered in the OECD countries usually either by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (major accident) or Fire-fighting organisations. The responsibility always lies on the permittee to inform the authorities immediately about the accident. The Ministries of Environment in general are not actively involved in the abatement of the consequences but can provide advice, take samples and carry out analyses both during the accident itself and in its aftermath. Advising on rehabilitation measures can also be another role of the Ministry of Environment. The competent authority and/ or the public prosecution authority have responsibility for initiating prosecution in serious accidents and for enforcement of measures to prevent a recurrence and to ensure remedial action is taken, if required. Organisational aspects are described in the APELL brochures of UNEP. See also the entries on Natural hazards, the Seveso Directive, Social risk limits, Safety declaration of an industrial facility and Environmental emergency zone. 0809ｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｪ0602, ｨｪ020603ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ02, ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ0208ｨ ｨ, ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 0904ｨ ｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨｮ ｨｮ (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ), ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ0608ｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦ. 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ0608ｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｦ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨ01 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ080609: ｨｰ06ｨｺ09ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ , ｨｨ01 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨｨ, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 09ｨ 03ｨｪｨｮ ｨｹ ｨｹ ｨｨ0008ｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ, 0008ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰｨｪ0602 A 20 21

12 13A ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ020809ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨ (020905ｨｨ 0802 ﾂｨｹ ｨｨ0102ｨｰ 06 ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ﾂ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ0701) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ( ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07) 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0204ｨ ｨｬ020105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ04. 00ｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ020809ｨｰ09ｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ; ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ040609, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ07 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ. 00ｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ020809ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ/ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｮ0102ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ( ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｹ0204ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ), 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｬ0208, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ060802ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 0609ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨ ｨ 01 APELL, ｨｨ0401ｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ01ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, 01ｨｨ0802ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨ , ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｮ080609ｨｪｨｨ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ, 0102ｨｺ05ｨ 08ｨ 02ｨｨ07 06 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0406ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0607ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. Accidental pollution An unexpected occurrence or loss, either at a plant or on a transportation route, resulting in a release of potentially polluting material. The environment inspectors should be immediately informed of the event and the nature of the pollution, and will then decide how or whether to inform the public and other authorities of actions that they should take. Police, fire-fighting authorities and authorities charged with supervision of nature protection will combine efforts, as necessary, to manage the consequences of the accidental pollution. 05ｨ (ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0602) 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ｨｪ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｪ090702ｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ﾂ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｮ02ｨｰ 05ｨｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ010609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01-05ｨｨｨ 06 ｨｬ ｨｨ02ｨｨ07, ｨ 08ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｮ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ. Accident site The location of an unexpected occurrence, failure or loss, either at a plant or along a transportation route, resulting in a release of hazardous or polluting materials. Measures to be taken at the accident site to prevent or reduce harmful effects on human health or the environment include: isolation of the accident site, informing the public and other authorities, management and control of the site, containment and neutralisation of any polluting materials released, and safety equipment for emergency workers at the accident site. See also APELL ｨｰ06 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ07, 06ｨｰｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺ ｨｮ040609, ｨｺ03ｨｨ01 04ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 0904ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0402 ｨｬ020804, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｦ, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ06 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0905ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ, 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ06 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ02ｨｦｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨ00ｨ 0104, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ. 05ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 APELL. Accreditation Procedure used to show formally that an organisation is competent to do a specific task, or that a method is fit for a particular purpose. For instance, an analytical laboratory is accredited to do one or more specific analyses. National accreditation bodies exist in many countries. 08ｨｺｨｺ080201ｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｮ08ｨ, 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ 07-05ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨｪｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ000601ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨ 06 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｰ0201 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨ07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｺｨｺ080201ｨｨｨｰ0609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨ 0002ｨｪｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨ 0706 ｨ ｨｺｨｺ080201ｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01. Acquis communautaire The body of EU legislation is called, after the 1 7rench term, the 00acquis communautaire03. The EU environmental legislation is often referred to as the 00environmental acquis03. Acquis communautaire 00 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ07ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｪ0608ｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｮ0409ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ 07acquis communautaire09. 06ｨｺ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0601ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 07environmental acquis09. Accuracy An indication of how precisely an instrument measures a certain value of a process variable. It is the degree of variation in the measured value. E.g. if the limit value is set at 25 mg/l and the given accuracy of the measurement method is plus or minus 1 mg/ l, then the measured value in practice might lie between 24 mg/l and 26 mg/l. If the outcome of the measurement is 26 mg/l, the set limit is still met and no violation established. Other authorities might state in their permit that any measurement above 25 mg/l is a violation of the permit. This means that the operator in actual fact has to operate the facility with a maximum of 24 mg/l ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ, ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 25 ｨｬ00/05, ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ﾀ1 ｨｬ00/05, 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ 01 06ｨｰ 24 ｨｬ00/ ｨｬ00/ ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｨ07, 08ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 26 ｨｬ00/05, ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0608ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨ 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ｨｨ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 25 ｨｬ00/05. 01ｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ02 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｺ090705ｨｮｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 24 ｨｬ00/05. Acoustic quality The acoustic quality is described in terms of the percentage of the population exposed to outdoor noise of given levels. In Western Europe, the major noise source in terms of A 22 23