ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906: Mandriva Linux ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ 2005 Copyright Mandriva NeoDoc (http:

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1 ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906 Mandriva Linux

2 ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906: Mandriva Linux ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ 2005 Copyright Mandriva NeoDoc ( Bｨｦgnis, Christian Roy, Fabian Mandelbaum, Roberto Rosselli del Turco, Marco De Vitis, Alice Lafox, John Rye, Wolfgang Bornath, Funda Wang, Patricia Pichardo Bｨｦgnis, Debora Rejnharc Mandelbaum, Mickael Scherer, Jean-Michel Dault, Lunas Moon, Cｨｦline Harrand, Fred Lepied, Pascal Rigaux, Thierry Vignaud, Giuseppe Ghibｨｰ, Stew Benedict, Francine Suzon, Indrek Madedog Triipus, Nicolas Berdugo, Thorsten Kamp, Fabrice Facorat, Xiao Ming, Snature, Guylhem Aznar, Pavel Maryanov, Annie Tｨｦtrault, Aurelio Marinho Jargas, Felipe Arruda, Marcia Gawlak Hoshi, Bob Rye, Jean-Luc Borie, Roberto Patriarca 0708ｨｨ01ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｨ07ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09 Open Publication License, ｨｨｨｨ 1.0 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ( ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 opencontent.org ( 6ｦ1 05ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ04ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ060809ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09. 6ｦ1 05ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0102(ｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ 03ｨｪ0401) ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ060809ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ060809ｨｺ ｨ 0906 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ Alice Lafox ｨｨ 03ｨ 0905ｨｮ 00ｨ 08ｨｹ07ｨｪ0609ｨｮ 0308ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, 01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ. ｰMandriva ｱ ｨｨ ｰDrakX ｱ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨ 08ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ/ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｰStar logo ｱ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ. 0809ｨｰ060809ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨ 09ｨｰ060809ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ, 04ｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02, 0609ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07Lafox.Net ( 02ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ. 0806ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｹ 05ｨｰ06 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｰ06 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906 ｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ NeoDoc ( ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ NeoDoc, Mandriva ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02 DocBook XML ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ07ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨ Borges (C3S) ( ｨｪ0402 XML-00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 xsltproc ｨｨ jadetex ( ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ) 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02 09ｨｰｨｨ0502ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ (Norman Walsh). 05ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ xwd ｨｨ05ｨｨ GIMP ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ090208ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ convert (ｨｨ04 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ ImageMagick) ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ 0601ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ0902 Mandriva Linux.

3 ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06 Mandriva Linux ｨｹ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ Mandriva Linux ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮｨ! ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ Mandriva Online ｨｨ06ｨ 0802ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨｰ0609 Mandriva ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 Mandriva Linux ｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨｮ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ I ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ Linux ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ0609 ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬ0402/ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ0402, 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02/ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ020906ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ : / /usr: ｨｰ ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /var: 0604ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ /etc: 0806ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｨｺｨｨ ｰ08ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ0402 ｱ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504: 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｰ030209ｨｰｨｺｨｨ01 ｱ ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ II. Linux ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ, ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 mount ｨｨ umount ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ 0006ｨｪ : ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI Emacs Vi: ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ iii

4 find: 0306ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0907ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ0302, ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 01: ps ｨｨ pstree ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ: kill, killall ｨｨ top ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ : nice, renice ｨ 0008ｨｮ0406 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504: init sysv ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0502 ｨ 0405 init ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨ 0504ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨ SSH ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｺ05ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ SSH ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0504ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨｺｨｨ A ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ iv

5 130507ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ v

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7 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06 Mandriva Linux Mandriva Linux - 05ｨｰ06 01ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ09 GNU/Linux, ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ Mandriva S.A., ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ 09 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｮ. 0105ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｹ06 ｨ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ030209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 GNU/Linux Mandriva - 05ｨｰ06 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ0402 ｨｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪｨ 07 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 Mandrakesoft 09ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ05ｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｪｨ Mandriva, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｰ08ｨ 04ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ Conectiva ｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｨ05ｨｨｨｨ. 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺｨｰ Mandriva - Mandrakelinux ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 Mandriva Linux ｨｹ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ Mandriva Linux ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｮ080904, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ Mandriva Linux ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ Mandriva, 04ｨ ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ( mandriva.com/) ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0902ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ 01ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ09ｨ Mandriva Linux ( mandrivalinux.com/) ｨｨ , ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907. Mandriva Expert ( - 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ000608ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ 06ｨｰ Mandriva. 02ｨｪｨ ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, 0609ｨｪ ｨ 0709ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ0005ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ ( community/resources/newsgroups), 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906 Mandriva Linux 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹｨｰ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｮ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ( 01ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0906ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 0504, ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ Mandriva Linux ｨｹ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ, 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ 0706 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｨ Mandriva Online ( 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020506, 04ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｮｨ! Mandriva ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｨ050200ｨｨｨｦ ﾂ ｨｦ Mandriva Club ( mandriva.com): 6ｦ1 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ0208 ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09 ｨｺ060806ｨ 06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ0701, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0108ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ0208 ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, freeware ｨｨ 0102ｨｬ ｨｨｨｨ; 6ｦ1 0708ｨ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ﾂ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ RPM ｨｪｨ 0106ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨ 01; 6ｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｬ RPM-07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ Mandriva Linux; 6ｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺｨｨ0106ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｮ0905ｨｮ00ｨｨ 09 Mandriva Store ( 6ｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 05ｨｺ09ｨｺ050604ｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 0907ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨ 05, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂ0502ｨｪ ｨｮｨ ｨ ; 6ｦ1 ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0609 ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨ 01. 6ｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ( Mandriva - wiki-09ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｮ, ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02ｨｬ04: ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 0904ｨ ｨｨｨｬ060102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02, 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ02ｨｨ090708ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02; 6ｦ1 ﾂｨ ｨｰ 09 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ Mandriva Linux 09 Club Chat ( clubchat); 6ｦ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ GNU/Linux ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ Mandriva ( etraining.mandriva.com) 1

8 ｨｨ ｨｨ02 08ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ07 Mandriva ﾂ Mandriva Club, ｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ09ｨ Mandriva Linux ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ0600ｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｮ06 05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｮ06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 GNU/Linux-09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ Mandriva Online Mandriva ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 09 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, 06ｨ ｨ ｨｰ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ070409ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 09 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ Mandriva Online ( ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｮ0905ｨｮ ｨｨ06ｨ 0802ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨｰ0609 Mandriva ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ Mandriva Linux ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 0708ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨｰ04 09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 06ｨｪ05ｨ ｨｦｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ-ｨｬｨ 00ｨ 04ｨｨｨｪ02 Mandriva Store ( 00 ｨｪ04ｨｬ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 Mandriva Linux, ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ0406 ﾂｨｪ0402 ｰlive ｱ CD (ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ Move), ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ, ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｪｨｨ01 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ0609 ｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｨ0202ｨｪ04ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ 0706 GNU/Linux, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ Mandriva ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 Mandriva Linux ｨｰ ｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨｰ05ｨｨ ｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 Mandriva Linux, ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0708ｨｨ000601ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 Mandriva Linux: 6ｦ1 05ｨ 0608ｨｺｨ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ GNU/Linux ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0906ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ, 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰｨ. 02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0906ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04. 6ｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｺ0602 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｰ0609, ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ0401 Mandriva ｯ06ｨｬ: 0904ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 07 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ 0005ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬ. 6ｦ1 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ 0902ｨ -09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｺｨｰ0609 ( ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ06 Mandriva Linux ｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ 0906 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｦ, ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 05ｨｮ ﾂ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ Mandriva Linux, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ07ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 04ｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0907, ﾂｨｰ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｴ02 ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ GNU/Linux-ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨｮ ｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ 06ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｦ 09 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨ 09: 6ｦ ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ( ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ Linux) ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ GNU/Linux. 04ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 0204 ｨ 0801ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｮ, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 /proc ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ( ) ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ UNIX 03, 06ｨｰ01ｨ 09ｨ 07 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ GNU/Linux ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｬ0402 shell ｯ06ｨｬ. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨ ( ), 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ06 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 GNU/Linux, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ01 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ06 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ. 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｪ0102ｨｪ02ｨｨ06 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06 08ｨ 0408ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907, ｨｪ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ GNU/Linux ( ) ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ inode ｨｨ pipe ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ( ) ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 (ｨｨ 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07) 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ GNU/Linux - /proc. 2

9 ｨｨ ｨｨ02 6ｦ ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ (Linux ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ) 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ0209ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ 01, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ( ), 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 06ｨｨｨｬ 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ 0204 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09 ( ). 04ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 mkdir ｨｨ touch), ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｮ01ｨ 0507ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨ 01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 06ｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨ 01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ chown ｨｨ chgrp. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｬ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ ｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ( ). 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ UNIX ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504, 09ｨ ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0102ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060906ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｬ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨｨ08ｨ 01 UNIX 03 ｨｨ GNU/Linux: ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ Emacs (ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ060505ｨｬｨ ｨｪ) ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ 0804ｨｬ 0106ｨ 0804ｨｬ Vi, ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09ｨｨ050506ｨｬ ｨｬ (Bill Joy) 02ｨｴ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0609ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090507ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ0602 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ( ) ｨｨ 09 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨ01 ﾂ0208ｨｰｨ 01 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ( ) ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ ｨ 09ｨ ( ) 08ｨ 0909ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ Mandriva Linux ｨｨ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ init ( , ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0807 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04) ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ (060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ 06ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04). 06ｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ04 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ06 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ drakxservices ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ03ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ( ) ｨｬ04 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ ｨｮ01ｨ 0504ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ( ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 ssh) ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ 06ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0607ｨｨ0302ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｮ /ｨｺ05ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ssh. 06ｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 scp. 05ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｮ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｮ 0005ｨ 09ｨ 06ｨ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ( ). 00 ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0904 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ06ｨｦ urpmi b 0204 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ urpme ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ 00 00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ open-source 0106ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ 0708ｨｨ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907! 02ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ Mandriva Linux - 05ｨｰ ｨｹ0204ｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ. 00ｨ 03ｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｴ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨｰ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ020209, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨ 04 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ: 6ｦ1 ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02; 6ｦ ; 6ｦ1 05ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02; 6ｦ1 XML/XSLT ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪ0609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ01 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ0102ｨｨ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 0106ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰｨ Borges (C3S) ( projects/borges-dms) ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ. 06 ｨｪ02 09ｨｰ0209ｨｪ07ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ 01, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨｨ090708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01! 05ｨ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨMandriva Linux 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｮ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ (mailto:documentation@mandriva.com) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ -09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ ｨｺｨｰｨ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ Mandriva Linux ( 3

10 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ Mandriva Linux ｨｨ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ Borges ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ NeoDoc ( ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨｮ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 ﾂ04ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ05ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208 inode ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0609, 0607ｨｨ090409ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｨ05. A. ls -lta ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 (09ｨｬ. 04ｨ ). a_file ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｪ RPM-07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ0609. ls(1) ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ (man). ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ, ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 man 1 ls. $ ls *.pid ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｺ0609 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, 08ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ.01. localhost 09ｨｮｨｺ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402, ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｺ0506 ﾂ , ｨｰ0602 ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. OpenOffice.org 02ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ, 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨｨ02. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 07ｨｨ0302ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0802, 09 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨ ﾂ0208ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ 07 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ (020905ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ) ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｰ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｱ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ Alt ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ. Le petit chaperon 02ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪ0609ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02. rouge ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ02! 05ｨ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ﾂ0208ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ01. 02ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 09 ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ02. 02ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 04ｨｺｨｮ. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ0701, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｹ. 09ｨｮ01ｨｹｨｰ02 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0609ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨ 0909ｨｰ0802 ﾂ02 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｺｨ. 02ｨｪ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 09ｨ 03ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｬ02. 4

11 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 09ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104: ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ <ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ> [--option={ｨ 08001,ｨ 08002,ｨ 08003}] [060702ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ] 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｮ000601ｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 09 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ 01 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ. 05ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｰ< ｱ (ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302) ｨｨ ｰ> ｱ (ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302) ｨｰ 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, <ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ > 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｬ07 foo.txt, ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ foo.txt, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 <foo.txt> ｨｨ05ｨｨ <ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ >. 0809ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ( ｰ[ ] ｱ) ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ02 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｨ02 ( ｰ... ｱ) 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ0602 ﾂｨｨ ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ( ｰ{ } ｱ) 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ04 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｬ07 06ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ Ctrl-R, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ04, ｨｪｨ 03ｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨ 07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Ctrl, 0908ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 0706 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ0302 R ｨ ｨｬ0602 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03 Alt ｨｨ Shift ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 04ｨ 0005ｨ 09ｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0500ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03; 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ R ｨｨ r - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 09 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺ0302, 09 06ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06, ｨｺ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ (Ctrl-R) 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ: ｨｴ0205ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 0706 ｨｪｨ 0107ｨｨ09ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｪｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｮ0005ｨｮ 06ｨｺｨｪｨ ). 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ090302ｨｬ0907 ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03 Ctrl-R (ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ ) ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ 04, ｨｺ060001ｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 09 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｮ01 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ: Queen Pingusa queen 06ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｦ 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ. Peter Pingus peter 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, 01ｨ ｨ 04 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ. 5

12 ｨｨ ｨｨ02 6

13 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 01ｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｰUNIX 03 ｱ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｨ04 09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨ 0302 ｨｮ0302 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 UNIX 03 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02, ｨｰ060001ｨ, ｨｰｨｪ06, 05ｨｰｨ 0005ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0201, ｨｺｨｰ06 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｪ02 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ, ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬ. 0306ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ04, ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ 04 ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ , 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 04ｨ 01ｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｬ0401 ｨｪ0609ｨｨ ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨｨ0802 GNU/Linux ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨ 0502ｨｬ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 09ｨｰ0605ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07, 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｨｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ﾂ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ06 09ｨ 03ｨｪ04ｨｬ. Linux ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ GNU/Linux, ｨｪ04 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402: 6ｦ1 ｰｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ0202 ｨｨｨｬ07 ｱ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ (ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｮ000601ｨｪ06); 6ｦ1 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨ ; 6ｦ1 ｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｹ. 0209ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｹ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨ (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ) ｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ04 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ , 0008ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪ04, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ. 0108ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ02, ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 09 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ02ｨｰ, 0601ｨｪｨｮ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0602 ｨｰ ｨｪ06: ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ0502ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ0502ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0008ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨｰｨｮ0102ｨｪｨｰ0609, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ. 0306ｨｺｨ ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ080205ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｰ ｨｹ 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ 0008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09 (X) ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02, 09ｨ 03 09ｨｰｨ 08ｨｰ060904ｨｦ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 04ｨｨ

14 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｪ04 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｪ06, ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｹ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 07ｨ ｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06, 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｨｨｬ ｨ , ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ (*) ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ09ｨ (06ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪ ). 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ060904, ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺｨｪ0607ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ ｰｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060906ｨｬ ｱ ｨｨｨｬ02, 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06: Mandriva Linux release (CodeName) for i586 Kernel mdk on an i686 / tty1 [ｨｨｨｬ07_ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ04] login: ｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ Login: ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Enter. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ (login) ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 Password: ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0603ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 07ｨ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, 0708ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ0907, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ 04 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0302 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨ 09 X. 08ｨ ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0902ｨ ｨｪ09 ｨｪ02 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01, ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰｨｺ080409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ X (0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ ) ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 09 Mandriva Linux 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ, 04ｨ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ06 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01, ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03 Ctrl-Alt-F<n>, <n> - ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0608ｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｹ, 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ Ctrl, Alt ｨｨ F ｨｬ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ DrakX ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 05 ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 07ｨ ｨｹ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507: root. 06ｨｰ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0608, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ root ｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｴ02ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨ ｨｬ! ｨｨ 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ root ｯ06ｨｬ, ｨｰ06 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨ 03ｨｮ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06: 0601ｨｪｨ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ090209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ. 00 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨ05ｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ root, ｨｰ060001ｨ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 (ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ02!). 02 ﾂ0209ｨｨ01ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 09ｨ ｨｬｨ 07 05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ. 00ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208, 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ: ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ (User ID, 8

15 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 UID). 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ 0301ｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｮｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｮ 0008ｨｮ (Group ID, GID), ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 09 Windows 03 ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, 09 GNU/Linux 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ0006ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨｨｰ02, ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 Linux - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ : ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ ｨｴ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ 01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ｨｪ02 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｮ05ｨｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ (ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｬ 0106ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ) ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨ ｨｨｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ0707ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070706ｨｦ, ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 (09ｨｬ. ), ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ0502ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨ 04 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ 0905ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ, ｨｹ ｨｰ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 04 ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｺ 0905ｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｰ0802ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ: 0905ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ; ｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨｮ070704, ｨ ｨｨｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ (ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070706ｨｦ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ), ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ; ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｺｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0609ｨｨ01ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨ 09: ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 (Read, r): ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 (ｨｰ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ) ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ (Write, w): 08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ 0708ｨ 0906 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0507ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, 01ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 (execute, x): 08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ) ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ 05ｨｰ06 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ , ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0906ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｺ090604ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ06 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02: ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｪ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02! ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ 0402 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨ 07 ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ. 08ｨ ｨｺ 0905ｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 0904 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ0707ｨｮ (ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ 0904 ﾂ0502ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070704). 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ. 01ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ls -l 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02: $ ls -l total 1 -rw-r queen users 0 Jul 8 14:11 a_file drwxr-xr-- 2 peter users 1024 Jul 8 14:11 a_directory/ $ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ls -l ( ｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 0906): 6ｦ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ : ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, 0904 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｰｨｨ0802 (-) ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ d. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ04 06ｨ 09ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0802ｨｬ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ; ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｰ08ｨｨ 9

16 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ, 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｺ 0008ｨｮ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ; ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ ｨｬ 0609ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ. 05ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ0802 (-) 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ04. 6ｦ1 02ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ07, ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 (ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 inode), ｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｦ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ ｦ1 06, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, 01ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ (09 ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨ 01), ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 09 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ050609: 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ04 06ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605, ｨｰｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ a_file ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ : rw-r ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0708ｨ 09: 6ｦ ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ (rw-) - 05ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0907 queen ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, queen ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 (r), ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 (w), ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ (-). 6ｦ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ (r--) 06ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020506, ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 queen, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ0907 ﾂ0502ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0008ｨｮ users. 02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 (r), ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ (--). 6ｦ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ (---) 06ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020506, ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 queen ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ0707ｨｮ users. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ a_directory 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ rwxr-xr--, 06ｨｰ090601ｨ : 6ｦ1 peter, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0905ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ (r), 0106ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ (w) ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ﾂ ｨｪ (x); 6ｦ1 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ, ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 peter, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ0707ｨｮ users, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (r), ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0106ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 (-), ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ (x). 6ｦ1 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ (r) ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09 wx, 06ｨｪ ｨｪ02 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0906ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪ06 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ05 - root. root ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 (0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ, 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ) ｨ ｨｦ050609, 01ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨ ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ! root ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｪ020006, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ 06ｨｪ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｬ, ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ root ｯｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09, 02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01. root ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 01 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ, ﾂｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ 04ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨ07 ｨｺ ﾂ ｨｺｨｮ, 04ｨｪｨ 06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｪ02 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｨ04-04ｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨ 01UNIX 03 ｨｨ Windows ｨｦ - UNIX ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｮ06 00ｨｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 6ｦ1 06ｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ ｨｨｨｬ , 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｬ0402, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ASCII-09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ 0, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨ /, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ﾂｨｮ0909ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｮ 09 UNIX 03 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 readme ｨｨ Readme ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ r ｨｨ R 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 0402 UNIX ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ. 6ｦ1 08ｨ ｨｺ 0904 ｨｬ060005ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02 04ｨ 0106 ﾂ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ GNU/Linux 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ060006, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ. 0602ｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0202, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ0402 ｰ08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｱ ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ UNIX 03 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ (.) - 05ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 09ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｪ06 06ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 0601ｨｪ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ UNIX 03 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰ0907 ｰ09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ ｱ 1 ; 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｰ , 0706ｨｺｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 09ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ02 02ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ls -a, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ0504, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ06 09 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504.mozilla ｨｨ05ｨｨ.openoffice ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ home/. 10

17 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 (00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪ , 0600ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｰ.07.) ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬ 0706ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ GNU/Linux ｨｨ Windows 03 ( ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｺ ). 01ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507: ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨ05. 00ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ 0902ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ PID (proccess ID) ｨｰ PID 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ, ｨｺｨｰ06 (ｨｰ.02. ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ) 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨ , ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ 02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ a_file ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ peter ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07-04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ 04ｨ ｨｴｨ 06ｨｰ 05ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ 0302, ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｰ0907 root. 0905ｨ ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, GNU/Linux 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｮ070409ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ08ｨｮ ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 09ｨｨ08ｨｮ ｨｪ04 04ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 ｨｮ070409ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨｪｨｨ03ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｴ , 09ｨｨ08ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨｨ0802 UNIX ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｬｨ 0506ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ08ｨｮ Linux, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ04, ｨｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｬ ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 09ｨｨ08ｨｮ090609: root ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ GNU/Linux ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ DOS/Windows 03! 05ｨ ﾂ02ｨｬ 0302 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 09 GNU/Linux, ｨｪ ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ DOS/Windows 03? ﾂｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｴ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 GNU/Linux, 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ Windows ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ Samba (09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｮ 02ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ). Linux ｨｮ070806ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ｰ09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 0504 ｱ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ. 05ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ root ｯｨ, Linux ｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 0402 UNIX 03 ｨｪ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ, 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ PID ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ - 05ｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ GNU/Linux, ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0202 ｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ0806ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ, ﾂ02ｨｬ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ0608 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0807 ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ X, ｨｪ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ ﾂｨ ｨｬ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ( ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｬｨｮ), ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 0008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｪｨ , 09 ｨｨ01 ｨｬｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0102 ｨｺｨｪ060706ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 ｨ ｨ 04 ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09, ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨ. 05ｨ ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 05ｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪ06 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 05ｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｺｨｮ09, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 Konsole ｨｨ05ｨｨ RXvt ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ06ｨｺ, ﾂ02ｨｰｨｺ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ (04ｨｨ ). 11

18 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂ06ｨｺ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ KDE ｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 05ｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨ, ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 shell. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02: queen]$ ｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ 0302 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ queen, ｨ 09ｨ 03ｨ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 localhost (05ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｨ 09ｨ 03ｨ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0902ｨｰｨｨ) ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ 03ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ060001ｨ 0904 root, 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ $ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ # (05ｨｰ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 GNU/Linux 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ 07) ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ root ｯ06ｨｬ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 su ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ shell. [queen@localhost queen]$ su # ｨｨｨｰ02 07ｨ ｨｹ root ｯｨ ; (ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ0907) Password: # exit (ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl+D) ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨ 03ｨｮ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ [root@localhost queen]# exit [queen@localhost queen]$ ｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ02 shell ｨｦ 08ｨ 04, ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｦ 0106ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ home/. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ pwd (ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (Print Working Directory)): $ pwd /home/queen 02ｨ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ cd: 05ｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ cd ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ , ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 DOS ｯ02, ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ. 02ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ 04 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ. ｨｨ.., ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 05ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ cd ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ cd ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0106ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ peter, ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ 09 cd peter ( 09ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ home/). 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ, 0904, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ home/ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ (020905ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 08ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06), ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 root, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ root ｯ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｮ02ｨｬ0907: $ su Password: # pwd /root # cd /usr/share/doc/howto # pwd /usr/share/doc/howto # cd../faq-linux # pwd /usr/share/doc/faq-linux # cd../../../lib # pwd /usr/lib # cd peter # pwd /home/peter # cd # pwd /root ｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ 09 exit (ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨ 09 Ctrl-D). 12

19 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ echo ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ shell ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 echo. 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402: 1. HOME: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪ 07ｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨ 0302ｨｬｨｮ 0106ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ. 2. PATH: ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ shell ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｺ060001ｨ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ DOS, shell 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ! 3. USERNAME: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ 0302 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨ. 4. UID: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ 03 ID ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ PS1: ｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨ 04ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹbash(1) (09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ ), ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 0502 man bash. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 shell ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｪ04 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ$. 0006ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ echo: $ echo Hello Hello $ echo $HOME /home/queen $ echo $USERNAME queen $ echo Hello $USERNAME Hello queen $ cd /usr $ pwd /usr $ cd $HOME $ pwd /home/queen 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, shell ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208 cd $HOME ｨｪ02 04ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 05 ｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ05 $HOME ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 (/home/queen), ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ cd /home/queen, ﾂ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 0106ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ020806ｨｬ echo $USERNAME ｨｨ 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04 09ｨ 03ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ 09 export _ _020804=04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨ 0405ｨｨ 05ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ04: $ export USERNAME=queen $ echo $USERNAME queen cat: ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ﾂ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 05ｨｰ06: 06ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ: $ cat /etc/fstab /dev/hda5 / ext2 defaults 1 1 /dev/hda6 /home ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/hda7 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/hda8 /usr ext2 defaults 1 2 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto sync,user,noauto,nosuid,nodev 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/pts devpts mode= /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom auto user,noauto,nosuid,exec,nodev,ro 0 0 $ cd /etc $ cat modules.conf shells alias parport_lowlevel parport_pc 13

20 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 pre-install plip modprobe parport_pc ; echo 7 > /proc/parport/0/irq #pre-install pcmcia_core /etc/rc.d/init.d/pcmcia start #alias char-major-14 sound alias sound esssolo1 keep /bin/zsh /bin/bash /bin/sh /bin/tcsh /bin/csh /bin/ash /bin/bsh /usr/bin/zsh less: 0302ｨｦ ｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ 0702ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ060001ｨ -05ｨｨｨ 06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 0903ｨｨ UNIX ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ more (more - ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302; less - ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302). 0302ｨｦ (page - 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ ) - 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0202ｨｦ(ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0202, 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ 04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ). 0308ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ, 0706 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ less, ｨ ｨｪ02 more, 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 less ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨｮｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ less ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: less /etc/termcap ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Q ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ less 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 03ｨｨ0802: ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 H ｨ ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 09 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ls: ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ls (LiSt) 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0102 dir 09 DOS, ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302, ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ls: ls [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ls ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｬｨｪ060006, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｨ0302ｨｬ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01: 6ｦ1 -a: ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 UNIX 03 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06 ｨｰ02, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ ; ｨｨ07 -A ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｰ0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｱ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -a 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｰ. ｱ ｨｨ ｰ.. ｱ 6ｦ1 -R: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ, ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 01, ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02. 6ｦ1 -h: ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ 09 ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02. 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｮ0000ｨｨｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ "K", "M" ｨｨ "G", ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, "234K" ｨｨ "132M" ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 2, ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 1 K ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨ 0902ｨｪ 1024 ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨ ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ. 6ｦ1 -l: ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01: ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ, 0905ｨ ｨｹ0204 ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ070704, 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ. 6ｦ1 -i: ｨｺｨ ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ inode (ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, 09ｨｬ ). 6ｦ1 -d: 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 04 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨ 0907ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 ls -R: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ. 14

21 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 6ｦ1 ls -is images/..: ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 09 ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ inode ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ020806ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨｨ0506ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images/, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ. 6ｦ1 ls -l images/*.png: ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images/, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.png, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ05.png, ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨｨ 05ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ07ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ shell ｯ06ｨｬ, 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 09 Mandriva Linux - bash, ｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ ｨ , ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. bash 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0608ｨｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨｮｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 HISTSIZE ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, 06ｨｰ 0902ｨ ｨｪ09ｨ ｨｺ 0902ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0608ｨｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ 0902ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02, ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ 04: Ctrl-A ｨｨ Ctrl-E, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｬ0209ｨｰ07ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 0805ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ Backspace ｨｨ Del 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ04. Backspace ｨｨ Ctrl-H 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪ04. Del ｨｨ Ctrl-D ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ﾂ ｨｪ06. Ctrl-K ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ 0106 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨ Ctrl-W ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ (ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ Alt-Backspace). 01ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 Ctrl-D 09 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0902ｨ ｨｪ09, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｴ02, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ exit. Ctrl-C ｨｰ ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ, ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 06ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ06. Ctrl-L 06 ﾂｨｨｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. Ctrl-Z ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ, ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ07 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨ, ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｰ& ｱ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: $ xpdf MyDocument.pdf 05 05ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 0904 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｪ02 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ xpdf. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ060904ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｨ, ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-Z ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 bg ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ Ctrl-S ｨｨ Ctrl-Q, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. 02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907, ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ Ctrl-S (09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｺ06ｨｪ020609, S ｨｨ D ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ0802 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺ ｨｮ00 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ ) ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｺ060001ｨ 0904 ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ0802, ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05 ｯ02 ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907, ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-Q. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ Ctrl-S ｨｨ Ctrl-Q ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 0201ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. 15

22 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 UNIX 03 16

23 130105ｨ 09ｨ 2. 02ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ0201, ｨｺｨｰ ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06 ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ0609 PC ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0902ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨｺｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｮｨ , 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ , 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨ (3 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ): ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨｺｨｰ , ｨｰｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨ02 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 512 ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ. 0502ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 ｨｨ04 ｰn ｱ 0902ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪｨｮｨｬ0208ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｰ0 ｱ 0106 ｰn-1 ｱ ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ0609 ｨｪｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02. 06ｨｰ06 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09: 6ｦ1 04ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ (ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ): ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨ Windows 03 ｨｨ GNU/Linux. 01ｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ. 6ｦ ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ 09 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ01, 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ. 0201ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0907 GNU/Linux, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 08ｨ , ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ swap ｯ06ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ0302ｨｬ 06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｬ 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ. 6ｦ1 02ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 03ｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 0205 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｦ03ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ020902ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ 03ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ 08ｨ ｨ : 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｦ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨ 03ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ. 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ , ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨ09 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ. 6ｦ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ 01, ｨ ｨｪ02 08ｨ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ, 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ 03ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨ 01 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｰｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ. 08ｨ 0301ｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ , ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｺ 0005ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ

24 130105ｨ 09ｨ 2. 02ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02ｨｦ03ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｮ01 08ｨ : 0601ｨｨｨｪ swap ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ, 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ , ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ :>@=5< (root) ｨｨ 06ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ /. 01ｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ02 ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0902ｨｪ 0109ｨｮｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ (RAM, Random Access Memory) , ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ , ｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ (> ) 05ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ0506 ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 0708ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ 09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0705ｨ ｨｰ000608ｨｬ04. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ x86, PowerPC ｨｨ MC680x0; MIPS; ｨ Alpha ｨｨ Ultrasparc. 05ｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302, ﾂｨｰ06, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨ, ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ (09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ RAM) ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨ 07 06ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ , ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｰ010205ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 06ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ : ｨ ｨｨｨｪ00ｨ (swap), ﾂ02ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208, 08ｨ 0902ｨｪ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨｪ ｨｮｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｹ: / 05ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨ 03ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, 06ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 08ｨ (09ｨｬ. 0005ｨ 09ｨｮ ) ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨｮ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ0208 ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /opt, 09ｨ ｨｬ 0706ｨｪｨ 0106ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｺ0608ｨｪ ｨ ｨ. 00 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨ 05ｨｹｨｰ0208ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /opt. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402: /usr ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ0609 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /usr ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ. 0402ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ0609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨ 08ｨｹｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺ02. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ (09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ) ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ Mandriva Linux 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ext3 18

25 130105ｨ 09ｨ 2. 02ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ: /home 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 04ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ. 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609/usr: /usr ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ ｨ ｨ (/). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｨ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ swap ｨｨ root (/) ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ06 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ 0302ｨｬ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ /home, /usr ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ0406ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 03ｨ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0902ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ , ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰ0201, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ FTP ｨｪｨ ｨｪ07ｨｺｨ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /var/ftp, ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /usr ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｮ ｨｬｨｮ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 0706ｨｰ0208ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01-05ｨｨｨ 06 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ 05ｨｰｨ 08ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ0609 ｨｨ 08ｨ GNU/Linux ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ , 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｬ0208ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0506ｨ ｨｨ04 08ｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ , 08ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ: 6ｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ (primary master) ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ04ｨｦ (primary slave) ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ IDE (ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ CD-ROM ｨｨ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｰ06 02ｨｴ02) ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 /dev/hda ｨｨ /dev/hdb. 6ｦ1 01ｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ0202 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 /dev/hdc, ｨ ｨｬ /dev/hdd. 6ｦ ｨｨ 09 09ｨ 0302ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ0904 IDE (ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09 IDE, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0708ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨ 01 Soundblaster), 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 /dev/hde, /dev/hdf ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 IDE-ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ0904, ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ RAID-ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｦ1 SCSI-01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 /dev/sda, /dev/sdb ｨｨ ｨｰ.01., ｨｺ02 ｨｨ01 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ SCSI (09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ID). 0308ｨｨ SCSI CD-ROM ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 /dev/scd0, /dev/scd ｨ ｨｺ02 ｨｨ01 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ SCSI ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ SATA IDE-01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ, 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 SCSI. 04ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ04, ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ (09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 IDE, ｨｪ06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ0602 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｰｨｨ070609): 6ｦ1 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ0402 (ｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｪ0402) 08ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ /dev/hda /dev/hda4. 6ｦ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 08ｨ , ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 /dev/hda5, /dev/hda6 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ02 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ

26 130105ｨ 09ｨ 2. 02ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ GNU/Linux ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧｧﾛ ｧ爰罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ /dev/hda1 ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧﾚｧ鬧ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾓｧﾖｧﾕｧ蟋ｧﾚｧﾛ IDE6ﾓ1ｧﾕｧﾚｧ罘ﾜ (/dev/hda) ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧｧﾛ ｧ爰罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ ｧ ｧ荅爰筴爰ﾛ ｧ爰罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdb2 ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧﾚｧ鬧ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾓｧﾖｧﾕｧ爰ﾞｧｧﾛ IDE6ﾓ1ｧﾕｧﾚｧ罘ﾜ (/dev/hdb) 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ GNU/Linux ｧｰｧ罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ ｧｲｧﾑｧ罘ﾚｧ筴ﾖｧﾟｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ (/dev/hda2) /dev/hda1 /dev/hda5 /dev/hda6 16ﾓ1ｧﾛ ｧﾝｧ爰ﾔｧﾚｧ鬧ﾖｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ 26ﾓ1ｧﾛ ｧﾝｧ爰ﾔｧﾚｧ鬧ﾖｧ罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧﾚｧ鬧ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾓｧﾖｧﾕｧ蟋ｧﾚｧﾛ IDE6ﾓ1ｧﾕｧﾚｧ罘ﾜ (/dev/hda) ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧｧﾛ ｧ爰罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ ｧ ｧ荅爰筴爰ﾛ ｧ爰罘ﾟｧ爰ﾓｧﾟｧ爰ﾛ ｧ筴ﾑｧﾙｧﾕｧﾖｧﾝ /dev/hdb1 /dev/hdb2 ｧｱｧﾖｧ筴ﾓｧﾚｧ鬧ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾓｧﾖｧﾕｧ爰ﾞｧｧﾛ IDE6ﾓ1ｧﾕｧﾚｧ罘ﾜ (/dev/hdb) 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ GNU/Linux 06ｨｬ ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 09 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 GNU/Linux ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ02ｨｰ 08ｨ , 01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ (0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ GNU/Linux). 00 Mandriva Linux ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ udev ( ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ udev FAQ ( hotplug/udev-faq)). 02ｨｪ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ Linux Standards Base Project ( 08ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ 0706 ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 20

27 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ UNIX 03 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ, 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 GNU/Linux: ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0506 ｨ 04 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨ 04 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ. 02ｨ ｨｴ020708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰ04ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 FHS (Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰ ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04), ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ09ｨ ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ, 0607ｨｨ090409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰ, ｨｰｨｮ0702ｨｪ 09 06ｨｪｨｰ0208ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨ 01 ｨｪｨ 0902ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 Pathname ( 06ｨｰｨ 0005ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ01ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0706ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬ0402/ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ0402, 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02/ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 UNIX 03 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ: 08ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ, 09 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ0402 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪ ｨｪ04 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｬ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ07ｨｬ. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｦ, ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 09 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02/ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｮ, 09ｨ ｨｬ, 06 ﾂ0209ｨｨ01ｨｪ06, 0708ｨｨ0102ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ /usr, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｰ06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｱ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ020906ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ : / ｨｪ020906ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 02ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ (ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ) 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ. 0006ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 0005ｨ 09ｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ: 6ｦ1 /bin: 09ｨ 03ｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04: ls, cp, login ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /boot: ｨｨｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04 ﾂｨｨｨｺｨ GNU/Linux (GRUB ｨｨ05ｨｨ LILO Intel, yaboot PPC ｨｨ ｨｰ.07.). 00 ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 (ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ) , ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ｨｰ060001ｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /dev: 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09 (dev 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0005. DEVices). 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨ /dev, ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, /dev/null, /dev/zero ｨｨ /dev/tty. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /etc: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /home: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ (09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨｰ0701 ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨｰｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ07 ﾂ NFS). 0806ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 03ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 0706 ﾂｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ ) 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ( ｰ. ｱ). 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504 Mozilla ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ mozilla ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ, 08ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /lib: ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ, 03ｨｨ04ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04; 09 ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ0907 ｨｬ0601ｨｮ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /lib/modules/ -! /_/. 02ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /bin ｨｨ /sbin. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907: ｨｪ0206ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ0706ｨｪ0609ｨｴｨｨｨｺ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04 ﾂｨｨｨｺ ld*, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｬｨ 07 ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨ 05 libc.so. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 21

28 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｦ1 /mnt: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ /mnt/ cdrom, /mnt/floppy ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨ /mnt ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨ USB, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ 09 /mnt/removable) ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /opt: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ04. 02ｨｪ 04ｨ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ0609; 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ04 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ Adobe Acrobat Reader ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ /opt. FHS 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 (ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ, 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09 ｨｨ ｨｰ.07.), ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /opt, 0706ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ /opt/package_name, ｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ /etc/opt. 6ｦ1 /root: 0106ｨｬｨ 03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ root ｯｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /sbin: ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 root ｯ06ｨｬ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01, ｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨｮ ｨｬ. 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /tmp: ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /usr: ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ 09 04ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 08ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 /var: ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0706 ﾂｨｰ , ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 0108.) ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ. 02ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0208ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ /usr: ｨｰ ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｰｨ /usr ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ07 /usr ｨｬ060302ｨｰ, ｨ 04ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ, 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｨ (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06) ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ, /usr ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01: 6ｦ1 /usr/x11r6: ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ07 X Window System ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 X (09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 X ) ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｹ. 08ｨ ｨｰｨ /usr/x11r6/lib/x ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ X, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨｪ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ /etc/x11; 6ｦ1 /usr/bin: ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 07 ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨ 0905ｨｮ03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ0609ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｨ05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ02: 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ /usr/local; 6ｦ1 /usr/lib: ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ, ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨ /usr/bin ｨｨ /usr/sbin. 06ｨｬ0202ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ /usr/lib/x11, ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｪｨ /usr/x11r6/lib - ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ06ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｨ X Window System (ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ X); 1. 6ｦ1 /usr/local: 05ｨｰ06 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06, ｨｺｨｮ01ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｨ05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｨ ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮ06 ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ06. 6ｦ1 /usr/share: ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06-ｨｪ0204ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ04 /usr ｨｨ ﾂ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 09 ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 06 ﾂｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨ 01 (0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ) (zoneinfo ｨｨ locale). 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ /usr/share/doc ｨｨ /usr/share/man, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｺ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 X Window 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 09 Mandriva Linux 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 X Window System ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 Xorg. 22

29 /var: 0604ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰｨ /var ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨ01 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /tmp, 05ｨｰｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ. 00 ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ0907 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 0906ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ0401: 6ｦ1 /var/log: ｨｨｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02ｨｨ090708ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 (060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｨ 0109ｨ : /var/log/messages ｨｨ /var/log/kernel/errors). 6ｦ1 /var/run: ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 09 ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ, ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 (09ｨｬ ). 6ｦ1 /var/spool: ｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, /var/spool/cups ｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0702 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｨ, ｨ /var/spool/mail 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ﾂｨｰ ｨ (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｴｨｮ ﾂｨｰｨｮ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04) /etc: 0806ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504 /etc - 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨ 03ｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ UNIX 03, 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｨｨｪ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ. 01ｨｨｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ01ｨ 0507ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ! ｨｰ060006, ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ02 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ , 04ｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 /etc ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ : 06ｨｪ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ0406 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504: 6ｦ1 passwd ｨｨ shadow: 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 04ｨ 03ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05 shadow ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. 6ｦ1 inittab: 05ｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 init, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨｮ ｨｹ 09 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 6ｦ1 services: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ03ｨ. 6ｦ1 profile: 05ｨｰ06 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05shell ｯｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ04 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ shell ｯ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208,.bashrc shell ｯｨ bash. 6ｦ1 crontab: ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ cron ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04, 06ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｨ0601ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ050609, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｺ X Window System, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /etc/x11. 23

30 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ

31 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux 00ｨ 03ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ GNU/Linux ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ｨｬ04 06ｨ 09ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ GNU/Linux, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ01 08ｨ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 06ｨｰ000608ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｬ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ, ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｪ ｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰ02ｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ Mandriva Linux ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ Ext2 Second Extended Filesystem (0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ext2fs ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ext2) ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ GNU/Linux 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. 02ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ05ｨ Extended File System (0906ｨｰ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｮ01ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｰSecond ｱ). ext2 ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0502ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ. ext2 0906ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ UNIX 03 -ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 06ｨｪｨ ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ06 06ｨｰｨｺｨ 0406ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ02: ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ 08ｨ ｨ, 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ Ext3 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, Third Extended File System ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ ext2. 02ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ, ｨｪ06 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｺ0609 ｰｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｱ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ext ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨｪ0204ｨ 07ｨｪ04ｨｬ 07ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04(06ｨｰｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ08ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨ ｨｴ , 0708ｨｨ 01ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ0302ｨｦ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 09ｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｦ ｨｺ02 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ090708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｪ060001ｨ 0708ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ 02ｨｴ02 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ. 06ｨｰ06 08ｨ 0408ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ090209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨ 0502ｨｬ ｨｮ070806ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 04ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 02ｨｬ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ) 0106 ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 07ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ0608ｨ ｨ 0507, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 0608ｨｰ060906ｨｦ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 0502ｨｬ04, ｨｺｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨｬ07, 0706ｨｰ08ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｬ020806ｨｬ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, ext ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0201ｨｪ ｨｨ06 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0804 ext2, 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ. 06ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮ070806ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ext2 ｨｪｨ ext3 ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ext2, ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ, 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ. 25

32 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ReiserFS 00 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ext3 reiserfs ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ06 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 ext3, ｨｪ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 09 ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ0102ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 04 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 09 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ (ｨｰ ﾂｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0906ｨｰｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ ﾂ) ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ 0902ｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｦ. 04ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｰｨｪｨ 0502ｨｰｨｮ ｱ, ｨ ｨ 04ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ JFS JFS - 05ｨｰ06 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ IBM. 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰ06ｨｦ, ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｨ07 IBM ｨｨ05ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ06 04ｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0802 reiserfs. 00 GNU/Linux 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ XFS XFS - 05ｨｰ06 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ SGI, ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 Irix. 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰ06ｨｦ, ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09 SGI ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｮ09ｨｺｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, 05ｨｺ09ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰ04 (ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｰｨｮ0706ｨｬ, ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401) ｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｰ0208ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 (ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ). 00 GNU/Linux 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ Ext2 Ext3 ReiserFS JFS XFS 05ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 07 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ (ｨｺ06ｨｬ070502ｨｺ09) 0309ｨｰｨｹ (ｨｺ06ｨｬ070502ｨｺ09) 0102ｨｰ 0102ｨｰ 0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ , 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 0409ｨｰ

33 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 07ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ACL Ext2 Ext3 ReiserFS JFS XFS ｨ ｨｴ , 02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪ0202a 02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ , ｨｪ ｨｺ 08ｨｨ09ｨｺ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ0208ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 02ｨ 0102ｨｰ 0102ｨｰ 02ｨ 0308ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ07: a. 06ｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ data=journal 09 /etc/fstab. 06ｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 00ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ (ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｬ0208 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ ext2/ext3), ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 01ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02, 09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0801ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｺｨｰｨｮ X 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ, 09ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｨ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｦ Large Block Device (CONFIG_LBD=y). 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨ ｨｬ Adding Support for Arbitrary File Sizes to the Single UNIX Specification (http: // Large File Support in Linux ( aj/ linux_lfs.html) ｨｨ Large Block Devices ( ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｹ 04ｨｬｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｰ0708ｨｨｨｬ06 ﾂ02ｨｺ ｱ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ06 09 JFS ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 09 ﾂ04ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ? 0508ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｰ0209ｨｰ04 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0609ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｮ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨ 0409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ0703ｨｪ ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 (060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ 0902ｨｰ ｨｬｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ0609) 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮ0905ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ. 08ｨ 0301ｨ 07 ｨｨ04 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0904 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ext ｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06ｨｰ01ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ext3. reiserfs, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨ 04 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401. JFS ｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701, ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. XFS ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ ｰ06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｱ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 00 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ 08ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ, ｨｪ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ UNIX 03 (ｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ Linux), ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｬ04 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｰ ﾁｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ05 ｱ ｨｹ ｰ ｱ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ, 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02, 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ, ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ 0902ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｮ, ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨ Ethernet ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. Linux 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ0706ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ04 ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ : 09 GNU/Linux, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｦ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 UNIX 03, 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ ｨｰ06 ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 PNG, ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ06-05ｨｨｨ 06 02ｨｴ02-05ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ. 27

34 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ls -l, 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ010205ｨｨ 0109ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609: 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504 (-) ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ (d) ｨ 0904 ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609: 1. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ : 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ /dev/null, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ), 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ( ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ04), 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0602 (020905ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｰｨｹ) ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 (ｨｰ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ). 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ c ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ : 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨ, 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ0907, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｰｨｺｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｨ, 08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ, 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ , 0708ｨｨ CD-ROM ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ : /dev/hda, /dev/sda5. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ b ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ: 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 03ｨｨ0806ｨｺ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 Mandriva Linux (09ｨｬ ). 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｨ01 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ. 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ 07ｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ. 02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｰｨｬ0700ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｱ, ｨｨ 06ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ ｰl ｱ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504: ｨｨ 09ｨ 09 05ｨｰ06 ｨｮ01ｨｨ09ｨｨ0506, ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ. 02ｨ, 06ｨｪｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 01 shell ｯｨ, ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ06ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｪｨｨ0202ｨｦ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 09 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 06ｨｪｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ p. 05ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 08ｨ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ04: 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｪ0602, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ0609, ｨ ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｰｨｨ070609, ｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ s. 0006ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ050609: $ ls -l /dev/null /dev/sda /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/s20random /proc/554/maps /tmp/ssh-queen/ssh-510-agent crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 May /dev/null brw-rw root disk 8, 0 May /dev/sda lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Dec 9 19:12 /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/ S20random ->../init.d/random* pr--r--r-- 1 queen queen 0 Dec 10 20:23 /proc/554/maps srwx queen queen 0 Dec 10 20:08 /tmp/ssh-queen/ ssh-510-agent= $ Inode ｯ04 Inode ｯ04-05ｨｰ06 00ｨｮｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04UNIX 03 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ 01ｨｨ00ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｱ ｰinode ｱ - 05ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ Information NODE (ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ040205). Inode ｯ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 09 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ0202 inode. 02ｨｪｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504, 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ ｨｰ090601ｨ 0904ｨｰ02ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪｨ ｨ 04ｨ : ｰInode - 05ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｱ. 0308ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ inode ｯ0609 UNIX 03 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ. 02ｨ, ｨｪ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ: UNIX 03 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨ 0706 ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｮ inode ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｪ ｨ 03ｨｪ06: 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ inode ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｰ.02. inode 09 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0302 ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02. 06ｨｰ ｨｨ090601ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ inode ｯ0609 ｨｨ inode ｯ0609 "09 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ". 00 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0109ｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ inode ｯｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0109ｨｮ01 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 01, inode ｯ04 "09 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ" ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ, ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0601ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ inode ｯｨ ｨｰｨｨ09 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ. 28

35 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ. 00 UNIX 03 ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ - 05ｨｰ ｨｰ06 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ inode. 06ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｦ. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨ 01ｨｨｨｬ (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ) 00ｨ ｨｦ05: $ pwd /home/queen/example $ ls $ touch a $ ls -il a rw-r--r-- 1 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:26 a ｨｨ07 -i ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ls ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 inode ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, 0106 ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 a, 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ 09 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 (ｨｪｨｮ... ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ inode). 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ touch a ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ0204ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07: 6ｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 inode ｯｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 0708ｨｨ090906ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ , ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ; 6ｦ1 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ inode 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ a 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /home/queen/example ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /home/queen/example/a - 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ inode 09 ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ 32555, ｨｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ: 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: $ ln a b $ ls -il a b rw-r--r-- 2 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:26 a rw-r--r-- 2 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:26 b $ ｨ 05ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ inode. 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, ｨｬ04 ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ b. 00ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ inode ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ090906ｨｨ05ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪ060906ｨｦ ｨｺ02 ｨｨｨｬ07 b. 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ ls -l, 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｺ inode ｯｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ 08ｨ 0902ｨｪ 2, ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: $ rm a $ ls -il b rw-r--r-- 1 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:26 b $ ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 01ｨ 0302 ｨｪ0209ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｰ0608ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｱ, inode ｨ 09ｨｪ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｹ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ inode - 05ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ /home/queen/example/b ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 UNIX 03 ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ; 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 0601ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｺ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ inode ｯｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 09 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬ ｨｺｨｨ: 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ.) ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ..) ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨ:.,.. ｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ07ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ (ｨｰ.02. ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｪ) ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨ 0302ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ 0902ｨ -09ｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｮ Mandriva Linux ( ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ050609, 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ 04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ. 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06, ｨｺ060001ｨ 0904 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ shell ｯ02, inode, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ, 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｰ. 0208ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 inode ｯ0609 ｨ 0204 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 04ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, 06ｨｰｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ , ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ02. 08ｨ ｨｦ05 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, 0706ｨｺｨ 06ｨｪ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ, ｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 29

36 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ (ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｨ07). 02ｨｰ090601ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨｦｨｪ06, ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｰ08ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ0402 ｱ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｺ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨｮ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｪ ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05, shell ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05 ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0506ｨｬ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 09 ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ, ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ shell ｯｨ 01) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ (09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｨ0302), 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ07ｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 06 ﾂ ｨｨ FIFO (First In, First Out, ｰ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｬ 06ｨ 0905ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｱ) ｨｮ ｨｨ010205ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ shell ｯ02, ｨｪ06 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ07ｨ : $ ls -d /proc/[0-9] head -5 /proc/1/ /proc/2/ /proc/3/ /proc/4/ /proc/5/ 0201ｨｪ06 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ0906, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020802(0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 0905ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ 0409ｨｰ0806), ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ080609ｨｺ02 04ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ls ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05, 06ｨｪ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ , 0706ｨｺｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｰ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504, ｨｺ06ｨｰ , 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ , ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 shell ｯｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ (ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, 09 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0504 shell ｯｨ - ｨｪ02ｨｰ) ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ - mkfifo: $ mkfifo a_pipe $ ls -il total prw-rw-r-- 1 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:37 a_pipe # # 0004 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ﾂ04ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｺ 08ｨ 0902ｨｪ 1, # ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0506ｨｬ ( ｯp ｯ). # # 0004 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｹ ln: # # You can also use ln here: # $ ln a_pipe the_same_pipe $ ls -il total prw-rw-r-- 2 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:37 a_pipe 169 prw-rw-r-- 2 queen queen 0 Aug 6 19:37 the_same_pipe $ ls -d /proc/[0-9] >a_pipe # # ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04. # 01ｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Control Z, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ # [1]+ Stopped ls -F --show-control-chars --color=auto -d /proc/[0-9] >a_pipe # #...05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｹｨｰ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ: # $ bg [1]+ ls -F --show-control-chars --color=auto -d /proc/[0-9] >a_pipe & # # ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ... # $ head -5 <the_same_pipe # # ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 # /proc/1/ /proc/2/ /proc/3/ /proc/4/ /proc/5/ [1]+ Done ls -F --show-control-chars --color=auto -d /proc/[0-9] >a_pipe 2. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨｨ 0109ｨｮｨｬ07 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ , ｨｪ06 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｨ. 30

37 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux $ 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02, ｨｬ04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ head ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 07, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ-05ｨｨｨ ｨ 05 02ｨｦ ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ: $ head -5 <a_pipe # # ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ 04ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ, 0708ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ : C-z # [1]+ Stopped head -5 <a_pipe # # 02ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ... # $ bg [1]+ head -5 <a_pipe & # # ｨｺｨ 08ｨｬ05ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬ 02ｨｦ ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ :) # $ ls -d /proc/[0-9] >the_same_pipe /proc/1/ /proc/2/ /proc/3/ /proc/4/ /proc/5/ [1]+ Done head -5 <a_pipe $ 0004 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020802: ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ls 04ｨ ｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ 0106 ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0909ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ head ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｪ090605ｨｨ, ｨ head ｨｪｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ , ｨｨ 0904 ｨｮ09ｨｨ010205ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504: 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｹ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ, 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｮ0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06, 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｹｨｰ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02ｨｰｨｮ 09 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨ 0109ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: $ dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/null ｨｪ04 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: 0708ｨｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｴ02. 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｺ02ｨｰ04 ｨ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｪ ｨ 0904 ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0705ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02ｨｰ ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｹ, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 08ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ (01ｨ, 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ): $ cat /ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ/0708ｨｨ000601ｨｪ04ｨｦ/010507/08ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ/00ｨ ｨｦ05/ ｨｰ06 >/dev/lp ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦｨｬ02ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 02ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ｨｪ0204ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ06 06ｨｰ ｨｰ060006, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ: 0601ｨｨｨｪ, 0109ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0707ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ. 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 /dev/lp0-05ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ 0706ｨ 06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺｨｰ06ｨｬ: ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ. 06ｨｰ ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨ 09ｨｨｨｪ010806ｨｪｨｪ06: ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨ 02ｨｨ07 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ06. 02ｨｪｨ ｨｨ0406ｨｦ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ060001ｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ Linux ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ sync ｨｨ async ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ mount(8), ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ 0803ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬ05ｨ 0103ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ. 00 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ ls -l 06ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 08ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208: $ ls -l /dev/hdc /dev/lp0 brw-rw queen cdrom 22, 0 Feb 23 19:18 /dev/hdc crw-rw root root 6, 0 Feb 23 19:17 /dev/lp0 31

38 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux Here, the major and minor of /dev/hdc are 22 and 0, whereas for /dev/lp0, they are 6 and 0. Note that these numbers are unique per file category, which means that there can be a character mode file with major 22 and minor 0, and similarly, there can be a block mode file with major 6 and minor 0. These numbers exist for a simple reason: it allows the kernel to associate the correct operations to these files (that is, to the peripherals these files refer to): you don ｯt handle a floppy drive the same way as, say, a SCSI hard drive ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｰ030209ｨｰｨｺｨｨ01 ｱ ｨｺ ｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ030102ｨｪ04 09ｨｰ0605ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 04ｨ ｨ 05ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ (01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ UNIX 03 ), ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ04 09ｨｨ010205ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 (ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ0402 ｰ030209ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｱ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ), ｨ ｨｨｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (ｨｨ ｨｬ04 09ｨｨ010205ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｱ) ｨｰ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｬ04 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｲ0709ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ( ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ0402 ｰｨｬ0700ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｱ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｴ02 ﾂｨ ｨｴ02 ｰ09ｨｨｨｬ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｱ). 05ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ - 05ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ, 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ (ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ) ｨｪｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ02, ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ, ｨｨ 06ｨｪ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: $ echo Hello >myfile $ ln -s myfile mylink $ ls -il total rw-rw-r-- 1 queen queen 6 Dec 10 21:30 myfile 416 lrwxrwxrwx 1 queen queen 6 Dec 10 21:30 mylink -> myfile $ cat myfile Hello $ cat mylink Hello 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, ｨｰｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ mylink - ｯl ｯ (06ｨｰ ｨ Link), ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｦ. 0308ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ: 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ rwxrwxrwx ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 myfile - 05ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 inode 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ cat mylink, ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ myfile. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: $ ln -s "07 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05" 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ $ ls -il 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ 418 lrwxrwxrwx 1 queen queen 20 Dec 10 21: ｨｮ0006ｨｦ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ -> 07 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 $ cat 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ cat: 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ: No such file or directory $ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0807 ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, 0708ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 ( ｰ030209ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｱ) ｨｺｨ ｨｬ: 6ｦ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ inode 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ : 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｺｨｨ 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ inode ｯ02, ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｬ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06. 6ｦ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, 0906 ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 02ｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺ, ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 04 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨ 0405 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ0701, ｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ 09ｨｰ0802ｨｬ07ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0302 ｨｰ060001ｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ. 0201ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ02 ｰ0608ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｱ. 06 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ, ｨｨ 0904 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04, ｨｰ06 ｨｬ060005ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺｨ - 05ｨｰ ｨｰ06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 32

39 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ06 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 FAT, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 00ｨ ｨｦ (ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ, 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ, 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ, ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07), 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 GNU/Linux ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｦ0102ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｰ ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ - ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 01ｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ : lsattr ｨｨ chattr. 0004, ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0602, ｨ 01ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ lsattr ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ( ｰLiSt ｱ) ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ0609, ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ chattr ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ( ｰCHange ｱ) ｨｨ01. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ0609, ｨｪ04ｨｦ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 09 chattr(1): 1. A ( ｰno Access time ｱ): ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ, ｨｰ06, ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ, ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08 09 inode, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｨｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ a ( ｰappend only ｱ): ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ, ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ, ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｨ04 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹｨｺ06 root ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ. 3. d ( ｰno dump ｱ): dump - 05ｨｰ06 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪｨ 07 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ UNIX ｨｪ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 02ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ 01ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 0902ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0502 /etc/fstab (09ｨｬ ) ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, ｨｰ06 06ｨｪ, 09 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ 0708ｨｨ 09ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｬ07ｨ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ i ( ｰimmutable ｱ): 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ: 06ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ 3 ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪ ｨｹｨｺ06 root ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰA, ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ i. 5. s ( ｰsecure deletion ｱ): ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨ 0506ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 05 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨｮ0507ｨｬｨｨ. 6. S ( ｰSynchronous mode ｱ): ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ, ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨｨｪ010806ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨｮ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ i ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ0302, 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨ A ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09: 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ01 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨ, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｹ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨ 0201ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ0705ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｰ0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｱ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ! 33

40 130105ｨ 09ｨ 4. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ Linux 34

41 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ GNU/Linux. 06ｨｰ06 09ｨｨ08ｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｬ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02. 06ｨｰ06 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｬ ﾂ ｨｺｨ (ｨｪｨｮ, 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06) ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ /proc, ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 01 (top, ps ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ0609ｨ 08ｨｨｨｴｨｨ). /proc - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 09ｨ 0302ｨｬ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ, 0706 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 0706ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ , ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ /proc. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /proc/sys. 02ｨｪ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /proc, 0904 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ: $ ls -d /proc/[0-9]* /proc/1/ /proc/302/ /proc/451/ /proc/496/ /proc/556/ /proc/633/ /proc/127/ /proc/317/ /proc/452/ /proc/497/ /proc/557/ /proc/718/ /proc/2/ /proc/339/ /proc/453/ /proc/5/ /proc/558/ /proc/755/ /proc/250/ /proc/385/ /proc/454/ /proc/501/ /proc/559/ /proc/760/ /proc/260/ /proc/4/ /proc/455/ /proc/504/ /proc/565/ /proc/761/ /proc/275/ /proc/402/ /proc/463/ /proc/505/ /proc/569/ /proc/769/ /proc/290/ /proc/433/ /proc/487/ /proc/509/ /proc/594/ /proc/774/ /proc/3/ /proc/450/ /proc/491/ /proc/554/ /proc/595/ 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ, 0904 (08ｨ 0909ｨｮ0301ｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ) ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 0906ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ root ｯ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪｨ ｨ 1, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｰ init ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 06ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 04ｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ : $ su Password: # cd /proc/1 # ls -l total 0 -r root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 auxv -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 cmdline lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 cwd -> // -r root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 environ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 exe -> /sbin/init* dr-x root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 fd/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 loginuid -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 maps -rw root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 mem -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 mounts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 oom_adj -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 oom_score lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 root -> // -rw root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 seccomp -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 stat -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 statm -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 status dr-xr-xr-x 3 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 task/ -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 15 18:14 wchan # 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰ 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ04: 0006ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01: 1. cmdline: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ( ) 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨ ｨ. 02ｨｪ ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ000608ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ: ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0204 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨ , ｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ

42 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ , 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ: perl -ple ｯs, 00,,g ｯ cmdline. 2. cwd: 05ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ( ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ). 3. environ: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ, 09 09ｨｨ =04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 cmdline, ｨ ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ000608ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ: ｨｪ02ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 0201ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ : perl -ple ｯs, 00, n,g ｯ environ. 4. exe: 05ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ. 5. fd: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ , 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｬ. 05ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｨ maps: ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ (0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 cat, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208), 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 0006ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｨ ( ｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 0906): ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0906, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ; 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ; 09ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02; 09ｨｰｨ 0803ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬ05ｨ 0103ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ ( ｨｰｨｪｨ 0102ｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 09ｨｨ0102) ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05; ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 inode 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ; ｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, ｨｨｨｬ07 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0 ｨｨ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 inode ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 05ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 mmap(2). 7. root: 05ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ /, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ02ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ chroot(2). 8. status: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ : ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ02, PID ｨｨ PPID, ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0402 UID ｨｨ GID, ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 stat ｨｨ statm ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ. 06ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ, ｨｰ ｨｹ 0108ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ status ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ fd ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: # ls -l /proc/8141/fd/ total 4 lrwx peter peter 64 Aug 4 09:05 0 -> /dev/tty1 lrwx peter peter 64 Aug 4 09:05 1 -> /dev/tty1 lrwx peter peter 64 Aug 4 09:05 2 -> /dev/tty1 l-wx peter peter 64 Aug 4 09:05 3 -> /home/peter/seti32/lock.sah # 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨｬ. 08ｨ ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ 09 09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ07-05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ0608ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 1. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨｨｬ05ｨｨｨｪｨｺｨ ｨｬ: 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0602 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06, ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 09ｨｬ040905, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ 0708ｨ 09ｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ0608ｨｮ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 09 /proc ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｲ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /proc ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: $ ls -d [a-z]* acpi/ diskstats iomem locks pci sysvipc/ asound/ dma ioports mdstat scsi/ tty/ buddyinfo driver/ irq/ meminfo self@ uptime bus/ execdomains kallsyms misc slabinfo version cmdline fb kcore modules splash vmstat config.gz filesystems keys mounts@ stat cpuinfo fs/ key-users mtrr swaps ｨｨ ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02, 06 ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ 09 08ｨ ｨ , ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｪ04 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ , 1 ｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨｰ06 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ. 36

43 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc crypto ide/ kmsg net/ sys/ devices interrupts loadavg partitions sysrq-trigger $ 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ0602 /proc/interrupts, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0402 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ. 08ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, ioports ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 01ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪ0609 ｨ ｨ ｨ, ｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, dma ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ DMA ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｺｨｰ, ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ050609: $ cat interrupts CPU0 0: XT-PIC timer 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade 5: 109 XT-PIC ohci_hcd:usb2, eth1 7: 1 XT-PIC parport0 8: 0 XT-PIC rtc 9: 3432 XT-PIC acpi, NVidia CK8 10: XT-PIC ehci_hcd:usb3, eth0 11: 7538 XT-PIC libata, ohci_hcd:usb1 12: 1386 XT-PIC i : 20 XT-PIC ide0 15: 5908 XT-PIC ide1 NMI: 0 LOC: 0 ERR: 0 MIS: 0 $ cat ioports f : dma : pic : timer : timer f : keyboard : rtc f : dma page reg 00a0-00a1 : pic2 00c0-00df : dma2 00f0-00ff : fpu : ide1 01f0-01f7 : ide : ide a : parport0 037b-037f : parport0 03c0-03df : vesafb 03f6-03f6 : ide0 03f8-03ff : serial a : parport : 0000:00:0b : sata_nv 09f0-09f7 : 0000:00:0b.0 09f0-09f7 : sata_nv 0b70-0b73 : 0000:00:0b.0 0b70-0b73 : sata_nv 0bf0-0bf3 : 0000:00:0b.0 0bf0-0bf3 : sata_nv 0cf8-0cff : PCI conf f : motherboard : PM1a_EVT_BLK : PM1a_CNT_BLK b : PM_TMR : GPE0_BLK ff : motherboard ff : pnp 00: f : motherboard f : pnp 00: ff : motherboard ff : pnp 00: f : motherboard f : pnp 00: ff : motherboard 44a0-44af : GPE1_BLK f : motherboard f : pnp 00:01 37

44 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc f : motherboard f : pnp 00: fff : PCI Bus # f : 0000:02: f : 0000:02:07.0 ac00-ac0f : 0000:00:0b.0 ac00-ac0f : sata_nv b000-b07f : 0000:00:0b.0 b000-b07f : sata_nv b800-b8ff : 0000:00:06.0 b800-b8ff : NVidia CK8 bc00-bc7f : 0000:00:06.0 bc00-bc7f : NVidia CK8 c000-c007 : 0000:00:04.0 c000-c007 : forcedeth c400-c41f : 0000:00:01.1 f000-f00f : 0000:00:09.0 f000-f007 : ide0 f008-f00f : ide1 $cat dma 3: parport0 4: cascade $ 0605ｨｨ, 02ｨｴ ｨｴ02, ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ lsdev, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06, ｨｪ020906ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ06, ｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ06. 2 : $ lsdev Device DMA IRQ I/O Ports :00:01.1 c400-c41f 0000:00:04.0 c000-c :00:06.0 b800-b8ff bc00-bc7f 0000:00:09.0 f000-f00f 0000:00:0b f0-09f7 0b70-0b73 0bf0-0bf3 ac00-ac0f b000-b07f 0000:02: f f cascade 4 2 CK8 9 dma f dma f dma2 00c0-00df eth0 10 eth1 5 forcedeth c000-c007 fpu 00f0-00ff GPE0_BLK GPE1_BLK 44a0-44af i ide f0-01f7 03f6-03f6 f000-f007 ide f008-f00f keyboard f motherboard f ff f ff f ff f f NVidia b800-b8ff bc00-bc7f ohci_hcd:usb1 11 parport a 037b-037f a PCI 0cf8-0cff fff pic pic2 00a0-00a1 PM1a_CNT_BLK PM1a_EVT_BLK PM_TMR b pnp ff f ff f f f rtc sata_nv f0-09f7 0b70-0b73 0bf0-0bf3 ac00-ac0f b000-b07f serial 03f8-03ff timer 0 timer timer vesafb 03c0-03df $ 2. lsdev ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨ 09 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨ procinfo. 38

45 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0405 ｨ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｪ ｨｰ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01: 6ｦ1 cpuinfo: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 01 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ04. 6ｦ1 modules: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｬ0601ｨｮ0502ｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｬ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ, 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｬ0601ｨｮ0502ｨｦ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ lsmod, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02. 6ｦ1 meminfo: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ free ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｬｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02. 6ｦ1 apm: ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208, ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ, ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨ, ｨｨ APM BIOS 09ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 05ｨｰ06 (ｨｺ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ), 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｬ07 ｰ03ｨｨ04ｨｪｨｨ ｱ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ0608ｨ 09 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 02 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｪ02 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｮ0106ｨ 02ｨｪ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ apm, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ 0302 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 09 ｨｮ0106ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｬ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮACPI 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 APM. 05ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｨ ｦ1 bus: 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 06ｨ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ 01, ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨ 01 09ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ. 06ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ: lspcidrake, lspnp ｨｨ ｦ1 acpi: ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｺ0609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 0904ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ04 05ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｴ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07, ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 ｨｰ0201, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ04 acpid ｨｨ kapacity. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ04: battery button fan 0306ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮｨｬｨｮ0507ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｺ02 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 09 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0609ｨｰｨ 0903ｨｨｨｦ0907 ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04, ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 02ｨｬｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0906 ｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｱ ｨｺｨｪ0607ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ: 0904ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｺ080403ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ0507ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ - 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ 05ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ, ｨｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ/0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ. 05ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ0507ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ04 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0705ｨ ｨｰ04. processor ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 CPU 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨ 08ｨｹｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨ. 0006ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｬ ﾂｨｨ090506ｨｬ ｨｨｨｦ, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07: 6ｦ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 07ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06; 6ｦ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｰ060906ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ. thermal_zone 06ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｬ070208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04/ ｨ. 39

46 130105ｨ 09ｨ 5. 08ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ /proc ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ 01ｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /proc/sys ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 09 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /proc, ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ root ｯｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0405 ｨ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 0602ｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0202, 0906ｨｰ 0109ｨ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ : 1. 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ: 01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ Mandriva Linux 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ06, ｨｪ ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ root ｯ06ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: $ echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward 05ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 1 ｨｪｨ 0, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 04ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 IP-0907ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｪ00ｨ : IP-0907ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｪ00 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 IP-ｨ ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨｰ020906ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ, 0708ｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨ, 0708ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ01ｨｮ 09ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02: $ echo 1 >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ0704 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ 0106 ｨｰ , 0706ｨｺｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 0906 ﾂｨｰ06-05ｨｨｨ 06, 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02, ｨｨ 0106ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 09 /etc/rc.d/rc.local. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 06ｨｰ07ｨ 0104ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 08ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /etc/sysctl.conf ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 09 sysctl.conf(5) ｨｨ sysctl(8) ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 01ｨ ｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ! 40

47 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨｨ010205ｨｨ ｨ , ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨ. 06 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ , ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ 04, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｬ04 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｬ0907 ｨｺ 09ｨｲ04ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 CD-ROM ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ01ｨ 0504ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ , ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｰ0902ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｱ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｰ06 ﾂ02ｨｺ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: ｨｺ060802ｨｪｨｹ - 08ｨ GNU/Linux ｨｨｨｰ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /home/, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ Windows 03, ｨｮ01ｨ 0504ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ (Windows 03 ｨｨ05ｨｨ UNIX 03 ) ｨｨ USB-ｨｺ0506 ﾂ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 GNU/Linux, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, WebDAV ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 05ｨｺ0406ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｴｨｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨ Google tm... 01ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨｨ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ- 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ, 0904 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨ 03 08ｨ Mandriva Linux 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｰｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ, ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｨ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ 04ｨｬｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ06, ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ020006: /usr ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨ , ｨｪ06 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ020608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ , ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ. 00 ｨｰ ｨｬ07, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ Windows 03 ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ (0106ｨｰ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ0201, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ), GNU/Linux ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 0301ｨ 07 ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ06 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｺ0302, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ Windows 03 ｨｪｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｰ02ｨｨ09ｨｺ C: ｱ, GNU/Linux ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ060802ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ (/) 09 08ｨ , ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ0209ｨｮ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ060802ｨｪｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ ｨ. 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0802 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｹ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ 04 ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ 09 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 06ｨｰ06 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｮ06 00ｨｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺ02. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ , 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ. 08ｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨ - 05ｨｰ06 /var/www. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨ /home, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｪ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 0106 ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｪｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ

48 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 / / /home /usr /var /cgi6ﾓ1bin /html /icons /var/www ｧｬｧ爰筴ﾟｧﾖｧﾓｧﾑｧ ｧ讒ﾑｧﾛｧﾝｧ爰ﾓｧﾑｧ ｧ罘ﾚｧ罘荅ﾖｧﾞｧﾑ (ｧ蟋ﾘｧﾖ ｧ皎筴ﾚｧﾞｧ爰ﾟｧ荅ﾚｧ筴爰ﾓｧﾑｧﾟｧﾑ) ｧｶｧﾑｧﾛｧﾝｧ爰ﾓｧﾑｧ ｧ罘ﾚｧ罘荅ﾖｧﾞｧﾑ, ｧ罘爰ﾕｧﾖｧ筴ﾘｧﾑｧｧﾑｧ ｧ讒ﾑｧﾛｧﾝｧ ｧﾜｧﾑｧ荅ﾑｧﾝｧ爰ﾔｧﾑ "/var/www" (ｧﾖｧｧﾗ ｧﾟｧﾖ ｧ皎筴ﾚｧﾞｧ爰ﾟｧ荅ﾚｧ筴爰ﾓｧﾑｧﾟｧﾑ) 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ / /home /usr /var /var/www /var/www/cgi6ﾓ1bin /var/www/html /var/www/icons 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 05ｨｰ06 01ｨ 04ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09: ｨｨ01ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0609ｨｰｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ060906ｨｦ, ｨｪｨ ｨｨ09ｨｹ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨ 00ｨｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ0209ｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 08ｨ , ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｨ 0906ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ. 06ｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ04 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 01 ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07: ｨｪ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｪ0706ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｹ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｬ: ｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｮ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰ06 ｰ09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04 ｱ ｨｪ060906ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ. 08ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪ04 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ, ｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｰ , 0706ｨｺｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨ 0601ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 42

49 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02-ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ ｰ09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｬ ｱ01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ02ｨｦ --bind. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ06-ｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ 09 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /hidden/ directory/ ｨｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 0608ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ0006ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /new/directory, ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ: mount --bind /hidden/directory/ /new/directory ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ, ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｮ ﾂ0209ｨｰｨｹ 0109ｨ 06ｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨ : ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 08ｨ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ 08ｨ ｨ, ｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02. 00ｨ 03 ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ060006, ｨｪｨｨ 0108ｨｮ , ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｬ 09 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ 05ｨｹ0302, ｨｪ04 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ 09ｨ root ｯｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｰｨｨｨｬ07 ｱ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ (ｨｰ.02. ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ) ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｦ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ0902 IDE ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ /dev/hdb ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ 08ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 0706ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ. DiskDrake ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨｨｨｰ02 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｬ04 09ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 mount ｨｨ umount ｨｹ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ04ｨｬ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0205ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ - mount, ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ: mount [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <-t ｨｰｨｨ07> [-o ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07] <ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906> <ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07> 00 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03 08ｨ /mnt/new (ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｮ00ｨｮ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07; ｨｪ ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ). 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ : $ mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/new ｨｨ07 -t ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06: ext2fs (00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ GNU/Linux) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ext3fs (ｨｮ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｨ07 ext2fs ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07), VFAT (0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨ DOS/Windows 03 : FAT 12, 16 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 32), NTFS ( ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ Windows 03 ) ｨｨ ISO9660 (00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ CD-ROM ｯ0609) ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ, mount ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ0609ｨｰ0607ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ 07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ , 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｮ070208ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ ｨｨ07 -o ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ, 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｬ0402 ｨｺ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ0902ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ mount(8) ｨｹ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 08ｨ , ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｬ07 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /usr: $ (cd /usr && tar cf -.) (cd /mnt/new && tar xpvf -) ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ 06ｨｰｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ umount ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｰ: umount <ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906> 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｰｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03 ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 08ｨ , ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ: ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ

50 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 $ umount /mnt/new ｨｨ05ｨｨ: $ umount /dev/hdb1 06ｨｪ060001ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906 (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 CD- ROM) 06ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ04ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｮ ｨ 0502ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ umount /dev/hdc ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｰ0502ｨｪｨｨ0904ｨｦ ｱ umount ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ: umount -l <ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906> 06ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906 ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｺｨｨ (handle) 05ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ﾂｨｹ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 eject <ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906> ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ eject ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ, ｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0008ｨｮ03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 04ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｰ09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｱ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ /usr, ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｬ04 06ｨｰ080201ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /etc/fstab. 02ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ04ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｨ01 ｨｰ06 ﾂ02ｨｺ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ. 0006ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ : /dev/hda2 / ext3 defaults 1 1 /dev/hdd /mnt/cdrom auto umask=0022,user,iocharset=utf8,noauto,ro,exec,users 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy supermount dev=/dev/fd0,fs=ext2:vfat,--,umask=0022,iocharset=utf8,sync 0 0 /dev/hda1 /mnt/windows ntfs umask=0,nls=utf8,ro 0 0 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/hda3 swap swap defaults ｨ 0301ｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ04: 6ｦ1 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ, ｨ ｨｴ ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ; 6ｦ1 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07; 6ｦ1 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04; 6ｦ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07; 6ｦ1 0005ｨ 00ｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 dump; 6ｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0906ｨｬ fsck (FileSystem ChecK) ｨ 0708ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 04ｨ swap ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ02 09ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0802, ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ01 08ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ swap. ﾁｨｰ ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 /proc, ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0907 /dev/pts. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ04, ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｬ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｬ0402 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 06ｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ fstab-sync, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ07 06ｨｰ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 ｨ 0707ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ (HAL, Hardware Abstraction Layer), ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /etc/fstab ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ fstabsync(8) ｨ ｨｴｨ 0709ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｪ020905ｨｨ ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ06 /usr ｨｪｨ /dev/hdb1, ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ /usr ｨｬ07 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｹｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /etc/fstab: /dev/hdb1 /usr ext3 defaults ｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ. 44

51 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ07 09ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02 ext3fs, ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07. 02ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ext2 ｨｨ reiserfs. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 1, ｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 09 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ /etc/fstab ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ0608ｨｪ020906ｨｦ 08ｨ (/) ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ: noauto ｨｨ users ｨｨ07 noauto ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨ 07 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02, ｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ07 users ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ CD-ROM ｨｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ, ｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /etc/fstab 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ man (fstab(5)), ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨｮ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 0201ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 /etc/fstab ｨｰ0907 ｨｮ070806ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 mount. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609ｨｮ06 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ, 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ0502, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02ｨｰｨｮ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ: $ mount /mnt/floppy ｨｨ05ｨｨ: $ mount /dev/fd0 ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｪ0609ｨ 08ｨ ｨ, 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ0208ｨ 0801ｨｨ06 /usr ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ /etc/fstab, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪ060904ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ , ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ, ｨｹ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｦ0504 /usr ｨｴ ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ 0806ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ02, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｪ04 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨ 0601ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0906 ( ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｹ06). 6ｦ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｪｨｨ09 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ telinit 1. 02ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ03ｨ 04 ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ. 6ｦ1 02ｨ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /usr. 0306ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ ｨｴ ｨ 02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ ｰ09ｨｰｨ 0804ｨｦ ｱ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｪ060904ｨｦ (ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｬ0208ｨ ) 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ. rm -Rf /usr/*. 6ｦ1 06, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /usr: mount /usr/. 0006ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ (telinit ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ telinit ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬｨ ), ｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04, ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｮ ﾂ04ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ root ｯｨ. 45

52 130105ｨ 09ｨ 6. 08ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 46

53 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｨ010205ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ shell ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ｨｬ ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｦ. 0105ｨ 09ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ shell - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ: ｨｨ01 ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 0301ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｮ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ01 ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｦ03ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09 UNIX 03-05ｨｰ06 ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 04 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ (0905ｨ , 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ) mkdir, touch: ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ mkdir (MaKe DIRectory ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ) ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ: mkdir [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ06 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 09ｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02: ｨｨ07 -p. 02ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0109ｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07: ｨ 04ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ mkdir ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ 06ｨｦ, 03ｨ 05ｨｮ0709ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ; 2. ｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｮ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ06 -p, mkdir ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺ02, 03ｨ 05ｨｮ0709ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 mkdir foo: ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ foo 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ; 6ｦ1 mkdir -p images/misc docs: ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ misc 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images. 05ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ (-p); ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ docs 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ touch ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 touch ｨ 09ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: touch [060702ｨｨｨｨ] 00ｨ ｨｦ05 [00ｨ ｨｦ05...] 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104: touch file1 images/file ｨ 09ｨｰ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬfile1 ｨｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 file2 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images, ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ 05ｨｨ rm: 0701ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ rm (ReMove - ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ) ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 DOS del ｨｨ deltree, ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: rm [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ: UNIX ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ: 01ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ (atime), ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 08ｨ 04 00ｨ ｨｦ05 06ｨｰｨｺ080409ｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ; 01ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ0609 inode (ctime); ｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, 01ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ (mtime). 47

54 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 6ｦ1 -r ｨｨ05ｨｨ -R: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ0602 ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦrmdir. 6ｦ1 -i: 04ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 09 Mandriva Linux, rm ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨ 05ｨｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 rm -i ( ｨｨ02 ｨ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ cp ｨｨ mv). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 09ｨ 0302 ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /.alias, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 06ｨｰ080201ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /.bashrc ｨｰｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ: unalias rm cp mv 6ｦ1 -f, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ -i, 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｮ01ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ, 01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 rm -i images/*.jpg file1: ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ｨｪｨ.jpg, 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ file1 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , 04ｨ 0708ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 02ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 y ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ n ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｪ04. 6ｦ1 rm -Rf images/misc/ file*: ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ misc/ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images/ 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ file. 0308ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ rm 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ! (01ｨｮ, ｨ ｨｴ02-ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 0609, ｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ) ｨ 0401ｨｮｨｬ0409ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ -i, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮｨ 0201ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨ ｨｺ02 ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ 09ｨ 03ｨｪ mv: ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 mv (MoVe ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ) ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ: mv [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] <ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02> 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｪ060904ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ. 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｨ: 6ｦ1 -f: 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｮ01ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ ｨｰ ｦ1 -i: ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 6ｦ1 -v: ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 mv -i /tmp/pics/*.png.: ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /tmp/pics/, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.png, 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (.), ｨｪ06 04ｨ 0708ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ06 09 ｨｪ02ｨｬ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｦ1 mv foo bar: ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 foo 09 bar ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ bar ｨｮ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ090609ｨ 05, ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ foo ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ (09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ, 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ06) 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ bar. 6ｦ1 mv -vf file* images/ trash/: ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ file, 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ images/ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ trash/, ｨｨ 0706ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｪ ｨｬ0600 ｨｮ01ｨ 0507ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｬ, 01ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ0202ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ

55 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ cp: ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ cp (CoPy - ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ) ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 DOS copy ｨｨ xcopy, ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: cp [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] <ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02> 0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ cp: 6ｦ1 -R: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ0602 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02; 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, 01ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｪ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ. 6ｦ1 -i: 04ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ04. 6ｦ1 -f: ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ -i, 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0506ｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07. 6ｦ1 -v: ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ 06ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ0701, ｨｪ0702ｨｬ0401 cp ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 cp -i /timages/* images/: ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /timages/ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images/, ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 0708ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ05. 6ｦ1 cp -vr docs/ /shared/mp3s/* mystuff/: ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ docs, ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ /shared/mp3s 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ mystuff. 6ｦ1 cp foo bar: ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ06 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ foo 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ bar 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ chown, chgrp: 0604ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 chown (CHange OWNer - ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ) ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: chown [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ[:0008ｨｮ0707ｨ ]> <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ: 6ｦ1 -R: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｦ1 -v: ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ. 0306ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨｪ0702ｨｬ0402 chown; ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ, ｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨ 0204 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ. 6ｦ1 -c: ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ -v, ｨｪ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 chown nobody /shared/book.tex: ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /shared/book.tex ｨｪｨ nobody. 6ｦ1 chown -Rc queen:music *.mid concerts/: ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.mid, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ concerts/ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ queen ｨｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ music, ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｮｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ. 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ chgrp (CHange GRouP - ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ) ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 0008ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ (ｨｨ05ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609); ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 chown: chgrp [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <0008ｨｮ0707ｨ > <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ , ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ chown, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ. 06ｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ : chgrp disk /dev/hd* ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /dev/ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ hd, ｨｪｨ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ disk. 49

56 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ chmod: 0604ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ chmod (CHange MODe - ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ) ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ: chmod [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨ > <00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ > [00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ] ｨｪ06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨ 01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ. 02ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ 0109ｨｮｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ: 1. ﾂ ｨｹｨｬ0208ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0402 ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ. 0308ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ02 <x>00, <x> ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ: 4 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 2 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｨ 1 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ 0008ｨｮ ｨ 0208ｨｮｨｰ ｨｬ02 <x>0 ｨｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｰ0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｱ ｨｬ02 <x>. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ. 06ｨ ｨｺ, 0708ｨ 09ｨ rwxr-xr ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ (0708ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ, rwx) (0708ｨ 09ｨ 0008ｨｮ070704, r-x) +4 (0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01, r--) = 754; ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪ04 09 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ04; 2. ﾂ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0707ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨ01: [category]<+ - =><0708ｨ 09ｨ >. 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06: 6ｦ1 u (User ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ), 0708ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ; 6ｦ1 g (Group ｨｮ0707ｨ ), 0708ｨ 09ｨ 0905ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ 0008ｨｮ070704; 6ｦ1 o (Others ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402), 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｰ0609ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｱ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ07 ｨｪ ｨｪｨ, ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ. + ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ, - 04ｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ = ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ, 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨ 0409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02: 6ｦ1 r (Read - ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02); 6ｦ1 w (Write - 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ); 6ｦ1 x (execute ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02). 0105ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 chown ｨｨ chgrp: 6ｦ1 -R: ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ06. 6ｦ1 -v: ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ. 0306ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 6ｦ1 -c: ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ -v, ｨｪ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ020804: 6ｦ1 chmod -R o-w /shared/docs: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ06 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /shared/docs/. 6ｦ1 chmod -R og-w,o-x private/: 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ06 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ private/ ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｦ1 chmod -c 644 misc/file*: ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ 0708ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ misc/, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ file ｨｪｨ rw-r--r-- (ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ , ｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ ), ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ

57 ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 0004, ｨｰｨｪ06, ｨｮ0302 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ, ｨｪ02 04ｨｪｨ 07, ﾂｨｰ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 Windows 03 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 0904 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 * ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, *.txt ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ｨｪｨ.txt ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 * 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ060906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ls *.txt ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ Enter, 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ 0706 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨｮ *.txt, ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ ls, ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｬ shell ｯ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 shell ｯ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨｨｰ02: $ ls *.txt readme.txt recipes.txt ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ 08ｨ 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ (ls ｨｨ *.txt 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020802) ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ *, 06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ, ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ, 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨｨ01 ls readme.txt recipe.txt, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ. 0208ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 00ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: 6ｦ1?: ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｮ, ｨｪ0204ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ06 06ｨｰ ｨｰ060006, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605; 6ｦ1 [...]: ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｮ, ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ (ｨｰ ), ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｮ01 09ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0208: [a-zbe5-7] ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ a ｨｨ z, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ ｨｬ B, E, 5, 6 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 7; 6ｦ1 [!...]: ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｮ ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨ 01. [!a-z], ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ 06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｮ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ; 6ｦ1 {c1,c2}: ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ c1 ｨｨ05ｨｨ c2, c1 ｨｨ c2 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ , ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ {[0-9]*,[acr]}. 02ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ0609 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07: 6ｦ1 /etc/*conf: ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /etc 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ｨｪｨ conf. 06ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 /etc/inetd.conf, /etc/conf.linuxconf,, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 /etc/conf, ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ. 0306ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 * ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02. 6ｦ1 image/{cars,space[0-9]}/*.jpg: ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ0907 ｨｪｨ.jpg, 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 01 image/cars, image/space0, (...), image/space9, ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ. 6ｦ1 /usr/share/doc/*/readme: ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ README ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 01, ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ /usr/share/doc. 0201ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ /usr/share/doc/mandriva/readme, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 /usr/share/doc/myprog/doc/readme. 6ｦ1 *[!a-z]: ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 06ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0906ｨｦ 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 01 ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ , ｨｬ ｨｪ04 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ UNIX 03 (090601ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪ0609) ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ0608ｨ : 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ - 0, 1 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 0506ｨｬ, ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ , 09 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ0806ｨｦ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｨ07 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 05ｨｮ ﾂ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪ04! 0906ｨｰ07 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｺ0609, 05ｨｰ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 09 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺ ｨｺｨ (0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ). 06ｨｰ06 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ. 00 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨ 01 [a-z] ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ a, A, b, B, (...), z ｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ﾂ0208ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ

58 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.png 4 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ images. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: $ ls images/*.png 1>file_list 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 (1) ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ0907 (>) 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ file_list ｨ ｨｰ0608 > - 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, 06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ, ｨｪ ｨｨ 06ｨｪ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, ｨｮｨｴ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ, ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0709ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ070806ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ06: $ ls images/*.png >file_list ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, less ｨｹ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｹｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｮ06, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ wc (Word Count ﾂ02ｨｰ ) ｨｨ02ｨｦ -l, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07: $ wc -l 0<file_list ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0608 < - 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ, ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ07ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ, ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , ｨｰ.02. 0, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ: $ wc -l <file_list ｨｹ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｹｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｰ08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ07 ｱ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ ｨｰ0907 sed (Stream EDitor ｨｰ06ｨｺ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608) ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ02 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ sed 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 file_list, ｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｰ.02. the_list: $ sed -e ｯs/.png$//g ｯ <file_list >the_list ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ, 0006ｨｰ060904ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ.01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ 09 /shared ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ : 0601ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨ : $ ls -R /shared >/dev/null 2>errors 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪ (>) ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /dev/null, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ 02ｨｰ02 (ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｰ0907), ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ (2) ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ0907 (>) 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 errors ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 0504 (pipes) - 05ｨｰ06, 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ , ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ. 0308ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｪ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ, 06ｨｰ090601ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0602 ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02: 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ, ｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0608 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ -. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｺ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｰ00ｨ ｨｦ0504, 06ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨ.png ｱ, ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ｰPNG-ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｱ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 UNIX ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰ06 ｨｮ ｨｪ06: 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02 06ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｦ05, 06ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ0907 ｨｪｨ.png, 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0302 ｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ JPEG, 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060904ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 0506ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ. 0809ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ0906 ｨｨ Windows 03! 52

59 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｪ06 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ: $ ls images/*.png wc -l ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ls (ｨｰ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609) ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 wc. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｰｨ ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｱ, ｨｹ040609ｨ 0903ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ: $ ls images/*.png sed -e ｯs/.png$//g ｯ >the_list ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0302, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 0908ｨ 04ｨｮ, ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05: $ ls images/*.png sed -e ｯs/.png$//g ｯ less 0202ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂ ｨｺ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ, ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05 ｯ02: $ xwd -root convert - /my_desktop.png 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬ06ｨｺ 09ｨ ｨ ｨ 06 ﾂ ｨｰ0605ｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 my_desktop.png ｨ 0302ｨｬ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02-05ｨｰ06 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪｨ 07 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 shell ｯ04 (09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 07 bash) 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, ｨｪｨ 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 05ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06. 01ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｦ ｨ 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07-05ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｬ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ0907 D09;_A_>G5=L_4;8==K<_8_A;>6=K<_4;O_22>40_8<5=5<, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬD09;_A_B5: AB>< ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｬ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ , ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ: $ less 00ｨ <TAB> (ｨｰ.02., ｨｨｨｰ02 less 00ｨ, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Tab). 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ shell 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ06ｨｴ020006: $ less 00ｨ ｨｦ05_09_ ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ0609 (05ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨ ). 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ : $ less 00ｨ ｨｦ05_09_06<TAB> ｨｨ shell 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 0106 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ : $ less 00ｨ ｨｦ05_09_06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ_0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ_ｨｨ_ ｨｪ04ｨｬ_010507_ ｨ _ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ , ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Enter ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ q ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ, 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨ 09 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 PNG (0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ ImageMagick). 53

60 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨ 04 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨ Tab - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, 0106ｨｰ07 06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬ. 08ｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, 04ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 (080204ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ nsl<tab> ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ nslookup), ｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ , ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ0104ｨｰ ｰｨｬｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｱ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ $ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 shell ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ (/) ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨ04 ｨｨ09ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ (!). 0208ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07-05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ Esc-<x> ｨｨCtrl-X-<x>, <x> - 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨｨｬ Esc-<x> ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪ02ｨｮ01ｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｮｨｺ060906ｨｦ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05 (beep) 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 0608 ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｴ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-X-<x> ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨ ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨ 06 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 01ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Tab - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ0602, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 Esc-<x> ｨｨ Ctrl-X-<x>, ｨｬｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, 0201ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ 09 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-X-$. 0208ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ man ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 nslookup, ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ02 man nsl, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ Esc-!, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ 0106 man nslookup ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ 0006ｨｪ : ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 0004, ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0602, 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06, ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05 ｯ02, 09ｨ ｨｬ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04, ﾂ02ｨｬ shell ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02. 06ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨ 0409ｨ 06ｨｰ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0802ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ06 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0603ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0603ｨｨｨ 06ｨｺ 09 /dev/null: cp -R images/ /shared/ 2>/dev/null ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰ 0706ｨｺｨ 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0109ｨ 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07: ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｮ (ｨｮｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02) ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨ ｨｴ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-C: 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪ, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｺ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02, 0706ｨｺｨ ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 05ｨｰ060006! ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 01ｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｪ0705ｨ 09ｨｹ, ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ﾂ02ｨｬ-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-Z, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ : $ cp -R images/ /shared/ 2>/dev/null # 01ｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09 C-z [1]+ Stopped cp -R images/ /shared/ 2>/dev/null $ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨ 09 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 07 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ (ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ06 ｨｺ0506 ﾂ020904ｨｬ ｨｬ Stopped). 06ｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ 04 ｨｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06, ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ02 bg (BackGround ｨｪ060904ｨｦ) ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ : $ bg [1]+ cp -R images/ /shared/ 2>/dev/null & $ 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ, ｨｪ06 ｨｮ0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0006ｨｪ0609ｨ 07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ06 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ & (ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ01) 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 09ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰ02: UNIX 03 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 HOME ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 home - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｰ

61 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0006ｨｪ0609ｨ 07 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ060904ｨｬ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ. 0806ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｮ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0006ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ, 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ & 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ 09: $ cp -R images/ /shared/ 2>/dev/null & ｨｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02, 0904 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ 09 fg (ForeGround ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ). ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-Z, bg. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ: ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ shell ｯｨ jobs ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｬ shell ｯ06ｨｬ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ +, 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ , 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｺ0802ｨｰｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮfg <n>, <n> - ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, fg 5. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ 0904 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ070605ｨｪ0605ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ less ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 Vi, ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, ｨｺ060001ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0106ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, shell 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 03ｨｨ0806ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｮ05ｨｨ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 01: Mandriva Linux ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ 09ｨｺｨｮ09 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ: ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰ06ｨｦ convert, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 GIMP 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ pixmap), 0409ｨｮｨｺｨ (ｨｺ0601ｨｨ080609ｨｴｨｨｨｺｨｨ Ogg Vorbis, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ 0409ｨｮｨｺ CD), ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ CD, ｨｺ05ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ04 e- mail, ｨｺ05ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ04 FTP ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨ -ｨ 08ｨ ｨｮ (ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ lynx ｨｨ05ｨｨ links), ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ 01 ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 02ｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ 0008ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, 06ｨｪｨｨ 04ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ01 09ｨ ｨｬ0401 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02: 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ090409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 CD ｨｨ 0904ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 09 ｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06, ﾂｨｰ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ (09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ man nohup(1) ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ man screen(1)). 55

62 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 56

63 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 1-05ｨｰ06 00ｨｮｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ UNIX ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｹ 0906ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｬ0907 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｺ06 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ. 00 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 ｨｰｨｨ (perl, C++, XML ｨｨ 0108.) Emacs Emacs - 05ｨｰ06, ｨｰｨｪ06, 09ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 ｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01. 02ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ , ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ080702ｨｰ0907, ｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｮ 0909ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 0402 lisp ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 Emacs 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ, ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｮ, 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ 01 ｨｪ ｨｰ02ｨｦ Usenet, 0006ｨｰ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ Emacs, 06ｨｰ080201ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ 0904ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ04 Emacs ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ060006, ｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ Emacs, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨ : Tutorial Introduction to GNU Emacs ( html) ｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ0907 Emacs ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: emacs [00ｨ ｨｦ051] [00ｨ ｨｦ052...] Emacs 06ｨｰｨｺ080602ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ, 09 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 06ｨｺｨｪ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ, ｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 Emacs ｨ 0204 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｨ01-05ｨｨｨ 06 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02, ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ * scratch* ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ02 09 X, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ04 ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｬ0403ｨｨ, ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060906ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02, 0904 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨF10, ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ｨｬ04 09ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202ｨｪｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ0907 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 09 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ0806ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 08 ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ06ｨｦ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｬ 09 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ01 00ｨ ｨｦ050609: file1 ｨｨ file ｨｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪ02 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ, 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0904 ﾂｨｰ06-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ03ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｪｨｨ01: $ emacs file1 file ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨｺｨｪ06: ｰ080201ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｱ 0706ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨ04 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09, 02ｨｨ0008 ｨｨ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ, ｨｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｺ060104, 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｺ06ｨｪ00ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ

64 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨｺ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ, ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ( ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 (New file)) ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ06 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ-ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｪ04 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪ04 Emacs ｯ06ｨｬ ｨｬ07 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ, ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X-O ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 ｰ06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｱ080201ｨ ｨｺｨｰ060802, ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03 Del ｨｨ05ｨｨ Backspace ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺｨｮ ｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03: Ctrl-A ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, Ctrl-E ｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, Alt-< ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl-Home ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｨ Alt-> ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl-End ｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ, 01ｨ 0302 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ 2. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 01ｨｨ09ｨｺ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X Ctrl-S, ｨｨ05ｨｨ, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X Ctrl-W. Emacs ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪ06 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｹ040609ｨ 0903ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ0302ｨｦ Tab ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 bash ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ 0109ｨ ｨ ｨ : 6ｦ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09 ｨ ｨｮ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X 0. 6ｦ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09 ｨ ｨｮ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨ : 6ｦ1 ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X B ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ 6ｦ1 ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X Ctrl-B. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ * Buffer List* (0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ ) ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｮ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ Ctrl-X O, 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 0904ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04ｨｦ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Enter, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ-ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｰ060006, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0608, ｨ ｨｮ * Buffer List* ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｨｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X K ｨｰ Emacs ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｪ 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ000208, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ, ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 TAB: Emacs 06ｨｰｨｺ080602ｨｰ 02ｨｴ ｨｨｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ * Completions* (04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07), ｨ 00ｨ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0608 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ0302ｨｦ Enter ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬ07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ 0109ｨ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ0401 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ (ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｰ 2. Emacs ｨ ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨ 01, ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪ04 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0204 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 06ｨｰ06 02ｨｴ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｨ Vi. 58

65 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 04ｨｪ0401 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ 01 ｰ0601ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｱ) ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 06ｨｰｨｺ080409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ Ctrl-X Ctrl-F. Emacs ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨ 09ｨｰ0604ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0106ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ, 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ 8-2. Emacs, ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 05ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0506ｨｺ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ 03ｨ 0006ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｨ , ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ: Ctrl-Space (Control + ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨ ｨ 0205). Emacs ｨｰ 09 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ-ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 Mark set (0002ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ). 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 03ｨ 09 Ctrl-A. 02ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07-05ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 06ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ, ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01: Alt-W ( ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl-W ( ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ02 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, Emacs 0908ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ02ｨｨ06 06ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ060005ｨｨ 09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨ ｨｮ000208, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ, ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-Y. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ: 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 09 emacs 59

66 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 09 kill ring. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ kill ring ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ, 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ Emacs. 0906ｨ ｨ 07 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 kill ring ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-Y ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｰ0909ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｱ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ07 ｨｺ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-Y, 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 Alt-Y 0106 ｨｰ , 0706ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-S. Emacs ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ06 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-S ｨ Emacs ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ Ctrl-S 02ｨｴ02 08ｨ 04, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ. 01ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ Enter 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Alt-%. Emacs ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ 0106 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ 0708ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-X U ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl-Shift--, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 06ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨ04 emacs 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ Ctrl-X Ctrl-C ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07, Emacs ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09, 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ Vi: ｨｺ Vi ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ04 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪ0605ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ060806ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609 UNIX 03, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ04 05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨ01 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609: 0106ｨｰ07 Vi ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ 09 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, 06ｨｪ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907 ﾂ ﾂｨ ｨｦｨｪ06 ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ﾂ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ Vi ｨｬ060302ｨｰ " ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ", ｨｨ, ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 Emacs, ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｨ07, ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨ Mandriva Linux - 05ｨｰ06 Vim (06ｨｰ VI improved, ｨｮ05ｨｮ ﾂ0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ VI), ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ 0902 ｨｬ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ Vi ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ Vi, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ 0106ｨｺｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04: Hands-On Introduction to the Vi Editor ( ｨｨ05ｨｨ Vim home page ( ｨｨｨｬ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｨｨｬ ex... ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 Vi, ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0302 ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ Emacs ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ0907 ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬ 0109ｨｮｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ: $ vi 00ｨ ｨｦ051 00ｨ ｨｦ052 01ｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ03ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ 06ｨｺｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ02 05ｨｰ060006: 60

67 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ02ｨｨ07 09 VIM 0502ｨｦ ﾂｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09 ｨｰ.ｨｪ. ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06, Vi 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 01, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ a - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ A. 6ｦ1 a ｨｨ i: ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ (A ｨｨ I 0909ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0502 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ); 6ｦ1 o ｨｨ O: ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 0904 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ --INSERT-- 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ (ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ02, 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ). 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Esc ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ Backspace ｨｨ DEL ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 0706 ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 0805ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨｮ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ. 00 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ex 0609ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ :. 00 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 : 09 ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ , ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Enter, Vi ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ex ｨｨ 0904 ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ 09ｨｨｨｬ :, 0904 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪ04 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ, ｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ02ｨｨ06 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02 ex 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ06 ｨ 09ｨｰ0604ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Tab, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 04ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0204 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0502, ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 :w ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨ ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨｨｨｰ02 :w <ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ > ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0302 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02, ｨｨｨｰ02 :next ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ ｨｨ :prev ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ :e <ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ >, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 05ｨｨｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 61

68 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ, ｨｨ 06ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ, 05ｨｨｨ 06 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ 0108ｨｮ0006ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 Emacs, ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ :split. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 09ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ000208, ｨｨｨｰ02 Ctrl-w j ｨ 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ000208, ｨｨ05ｨｨ Ctrl-w k ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｨ ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ04 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 j ｨｨ05ｨｨ k. 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ :close 09ｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ000208, ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ :q ｨ ｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ 09ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ, ｨ Vi ｨｰ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02: No write since last change (use! to override) ( ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ (ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02! ｨｺ0804ｨｰｨｨ07)) 00 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ , ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02 :q! ｨｨ05ｨｨ :close! ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 00 Vi ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 Backspace ｨｨ DEL ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ0907 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ: ｨｪ0702ｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ. 0202ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ: 6ｦ1 c: 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ (Change) ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608 ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ. 6ｦ1 d: ｨｮ01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰｨｹ (Delete). 6ｦ1 y: 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ (Yank) ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬ 08ｨ ｦ1.: ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｰ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ. 6ｦ1 h, j, k, l: 0601ｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ, 09ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ, ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｦ1 e, b, w: ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 6ｦ1 ^, 0, $: ｨｦ ｨｪ0207ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 6ｦ1 f<x>: ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｬ <x>. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, fe ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｮ e. 6ｦ1 /<09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ >,?<09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ >: ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｨ ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 <09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ >. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, /lafox ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ lafox. 6ｦ1 {, }: ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ 08ｨ 0008ｨ 00ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 6ｦ1 G, H: ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨ. 08ｨ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｰ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 ｱ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ060802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 G ( ｰGo ｱ) 06ｨｪ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨ 0709ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0506ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ : 6ｦ1 6b: ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01; 6ｦ1 c8fk: ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｹｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ k, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ; 6ｦ1 91G: ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ; 6ｦ1 d3$: ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ. 0906ｨｰ07 ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨｪ02 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ04, ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ ｨｨ01 04ｨ 0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｰ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｱ ｨｪ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ03 ｨｨ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ04ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ dl (ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ ｨ 09ｨ ) - x; 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ04ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ dh (ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨ ｨ ) - X; dd ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ. 62

69 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ 00 Vi ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨｮ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨｨ010205ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ y ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ d ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ﾂ0202ｨｺ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ : ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪｨ 07 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ﾂ0202ｨｺ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 09ｨｨ0102 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09 ｨ ｨｪ0005ｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ 0500ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨ 09 ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ06ｨｦ 07 ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｰｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｱ. 06ｨ ｨｺ, ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ y12w 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09 ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 d12w, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｮ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 26 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ﾂ0202ｨｺ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ "<x>, <x> ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ07 07 ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｮ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ k, ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ "ky12w, ｨｨ05ｨｨ "kd12w, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 p ｨｨ05ｨｨ P (06ｨｰ ｨ Paste) ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0106 ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 07 ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 "<x>p ｨｨ05ｨｨ "<x>p (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, "dp 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ d). 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ 8-5. VIM, ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02, ｨｬ04: 6ｦ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ06 09ｨｺ0607ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｮ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ r ( ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ): "ry6w 5 ; 6ｦ ｨｦ0102ｨｬ 09 ｨ ｨｮ file2, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ: Ctrl-w j; 6ｦ1 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ r: "rp ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ 0603ｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨ! ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ 09ｨｬ y6w 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ: ｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｱ. 63

70 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ : Emacs ｨｨ VI 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ 8-6. VIM, ｨｺ0607ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 0306ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ: ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ02 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 /, ｨｨ09ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ Enter. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, /kyiv ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ kyiv 06ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ. 01ｨ 03ｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ n ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ 09 ｨｺ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｪｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, 09ｨｪ0609ｨ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 / ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02? ｨｨ04 Vi 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨ - :q (ｨｪｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ , ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨｨ010205ｨｨ, 06ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ080409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ000208, ｨｪ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ000208, ｨ ｨｨｨｰ02 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ Vi). 06ｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0209ｨｹ: 6ｦ1 :wq ｨｨ05ｨｨ :x ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ (ｨ ｨ 0409ｨｰ0804ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ Z Z), ｨｨ05ｨｨ 6ｦ1 :q! ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨ ｨｮ , ｨｰ06 :wq 04ｨ 07ｨｨ0302ｨｰ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｺ080602ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06, ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302, ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 (090201ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｹ06, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ-ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺ, ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ), ｨｪ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 09ｨｬ060005ｨｨ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ 01 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 02ｨｴ02 ｨｬｨｪ ｨ 0909ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, 06 ﾂ02ｨｬ 0909ｨｨ0102ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00, ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ. 02ｨ ｨｦｨｰ ｨ 02 ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮ090906ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06, 06ｨｰ01ｨ ﾂｨｰ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ , ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ06 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 07 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 0106ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 01ｨ 05ｨｹ0302, ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨｨ01 08ｨｮｨｺｨ

71 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ09 GNU/Linux ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0401 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ0302 ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0904 ﾂｨｨｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂ ｨｨ07ｨｰｨｨ07 (09ｨｬ. 04ｨ ) ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｬ07 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ0401 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 01ｨｮｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ080605ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ. 06ｨｰｨ 0005ｨ 09ｨ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608 ｨｮ0708ｨ 03ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｮ090906ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺｨ 0301ｨ 07 ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 08ｨ ｰSEE ALSO ｱ ( ｰ ｱ), ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 09ｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨ 07 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04GNU/Linux! ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ04 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ cat, tail, head, tee: 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: ｨｨｨｬ07_ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104[060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05(04)], ｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ cat 06ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ0702ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ 09ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨｹ06ｨｰ0208ｨ. 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ: # cat /var/log/mail/info ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨ 0706 ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ cat ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ06 (-n), ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ. 0102ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ0609 (020905ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ04) 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 08ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ02 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｴ , 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ tail ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｰ (0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06) ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /var/log/mail/info: # tail /var/log/mail/info 08ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 01ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ0706ｨｰ0907, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ 09 ｨｪｨｨ01 06ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ0701 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0906ｨ 04ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ -f: # tail -f /var/log/mail/info 00 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ0502 /var/log/mail/info ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 tail ｨｨ02ｨｦ -f ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｪ06, ｨｺ060001ｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨ 03ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 07 04ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨ /var/log/messages, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 tail ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 06ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -f 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 0904ｨ ｨｨｨｬ060102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ (0905ｨｮ03ｨ, 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ0609). 07ｨ 0201ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ syslogd ( ｨｰ 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪ0609) ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ (09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 Postfix), ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ root ｯ06ｨｬ. 0309ｨｰ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /var/log/mail/info ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 06ｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ 01, ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0608ｨｺ ﾂｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ0605ｨｮ POP ｨｨ ｨｰ

72 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 0004 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ06 -n ｨ ｨｪｨｨ01 n 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02: # tail -n2 /var/log/mail/info 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0708ｨｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ -n2 ｨｨ -f 0904 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ01 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 0706 ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨ. 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ head ｨ ｨｪｨ tail, ｨｪ06 06ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｰ (0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06) ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /var/log/mail/info: # head /var/log/mail/info 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ tail 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ06 -n ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0208ｨｨｨｰ02: # head -n2 /var/log/mail/info 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ06. 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 9 ｨｨ 10, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ head 0904ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ04 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ tail. # head /var/log/mail/info tail -n2 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪ0707 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｹｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ: # tail -n20 /var/log/mail/info head -n ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0102 tail ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ 09 head. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ head ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ05 results.txt. 01ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0706ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ tee ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: tee [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05] ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: # tail -n20 /var/log/mail/info head -n1 tee results.txt 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ 02ｨｴ ｨｨｨｪ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ, ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ05 results.txt, ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｮ06 ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ0202: # tail -n20 /var/log/mail/info tee results.txt head -n1 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 tee 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ07 (-a), ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ grep 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ Postfix 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｮ03ｨ grep: 0306ｨｨ09ｨｺ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01 01ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｪｨｨ 0204 ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ( ｰGeneral Regular Expression Parser ｱ - 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ) ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨｮｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ04: grep ｨｨｨｴ02ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ, 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: grep [060702ｨｨｨｨ] <03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ> [0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609] ｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 09 06ｨｰ06ｨ 08ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ02 ｨｨ01 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ06 -h ｨｰ0908ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ06 -l ｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ. 01ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ - 05ｨｰ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02, 0106ｨｰ07 09 ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｨ: 66

73 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 6ｦ1 -i: 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨ 0204 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ (ｨｰ.02. ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 04ｨｪｨｨ0204 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0806ｨｬ); 6ｦ1 -v: 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨｮ; 6ｦ1 -n: ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ; 6ｦ1 -w: ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ grep ｯｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｬ. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪ04ｨｬ0907 ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 0706 ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ. 01ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0502 /var/log/mail/info, ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｰpostfix ｱ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: # grep postfix /var/log/mail/info ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨ postfix, ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -v: # grep -v postfix /var/log/mail/info 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ grep ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｬ ｨｪ04 06ｨｰ00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ﾂｨｰ060904ｨｬ 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05 03ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ( ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ postfix), ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺ02 (status=sent) 3 : # grep postfix /var/log/mail/info grep status=sent 00 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ grep ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｰ06 08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 fgrep ｨｮｨｰｨｨ fgrep - 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨ grep -F. 05ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05, ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ04, 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ. 06ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ (ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ patterns.txt 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ): # echo -e ｯstatus=sent npostfix ｯ >./patterns.txt ｨｹｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ cat. n - 05ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ, 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｰｨｪ0609ｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ ｱ. 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 patterns.txt ｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨｮ fgrep 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｰ010906ｨｦｨｪ ｨ ｱ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 grep: # fgrep -f./patterns.txt /var/log/mail/info 08ｨ ｨｦ05./patterns.txt ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｮ000601ｨｪ06 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨ 0608ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 07ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ 01, ｨｮ ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨ peter@mandriva.com, ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 0106ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 03 00ｨ ｨｦ05./patterns.txt, ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: # echo ｯpeter@mandriva.com ｯ >>./patterns.txt 0306ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｪ , ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ grep 09 tail ｨｨ head ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬ02, 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ peter@mandriva.com, ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ: # fgrep -f./patterns.txt /var/log/mail/info tail -n2 head -n ｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ08 ｨｨ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104tail ｨｨ head. 02ｨｪｨｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ04 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ egrep: ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 grep ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ04 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ. 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ, 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｮ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｮ ｰABC Company ｱ? ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｮ03 ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｨｨ 06, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0102ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ0607ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ08ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｰ07 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 05ｨｮｨｦ09ｨｰｨ, ｨｹｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨ ｨｬ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0609ｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ. 67

74 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ fgrep, grep ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 0906ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 grep -E: egrep. egrep ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ0609, ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｦ ｰgrep ｯｨ ｨｪｨｹ07 ｱ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ 0906ｨｺ ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨｮ0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ 09 08ｨ ｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ, 0906ｨｰ 02ｨｴ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ: 6ｦ1 [:alnum:], [:alpha:] ｨｨ [:digit:] ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ04 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ05ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06: ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｨ000804, ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0904 ( ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ0804) ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 6ｦ1 [:print:] ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪ. 6ｦ1 [:lower:] ｨｨ [:upper:] ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 09egrep(1) ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ :? ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0206ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｪ * ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ. {n} ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ06 n ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ. {n,} {n,m} ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ n ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬ n ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨ m 08ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 [:alpha:]+. 02ｨｪ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0109ｨ ｨｰ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 1, ｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨ 09 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｰ04ｨ 07ｨｨ0902ｨｦ ｱ. $ echo -e "abc def nabc abc def nabc1 abc1 nabcdef nabcdabcd nabcdef abcef" > testfile $ egrep "([[:alpha:]]+) 1" testfile abc abc def $ 05ｨｨｨｬ [ ｨｨ ] ｨｰ0907 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 0008ｨｮ070704, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｪ04 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ [ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ04 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｬ , 09ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0907 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 0008ｨｮ070704, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨｺ080409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ]. 0301ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮｨｬ 0008ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ. 01ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｮ0707ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｬ090605, ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｰ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ0702ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 68

75 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05 testfile, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 01ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 09 ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ ｨｬｨｨ: $ egrep "([[:alpha:]]+) 1 ([[:alpha:][:digit:]]+) 2" testfile abc abc def abc1 abc1 $ 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0008ｨｮ070704, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｬ ｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 2, ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ: $ egrep "([[:alnum:]]+) 1" testfile abc abc def abc1 abc1 $ 06, 09 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ04 ｨｨ01 ｰ04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｱ, 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ0609ｨｮ06 ﾂ0208ｨｰｨｮ. 0006ｨｰ 05ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ :?, +, {,, (, ) ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ04 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ:?, +, {,, ( ) ｨｨ. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨ 0502ｨｪｨｹｨｺｨ 07 01ｨｨｨｰ080609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0706ｨｬ06 ﾂｨｹ ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ060802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｰ09ｨ 0302ｨｬ 09ｨ 0302ｨｬ ｱ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｨ (ｨｨ05ｨｨ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｨ02) 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨ. 0306ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｬｨｪ060006ｨｬ 0706ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ sed. sed - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨ ﾂ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｨ wc: ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ wc (Word Count ﾂ04ｨｰ ) ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ﾂ04ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ, ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: wc [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05(04)] 0507ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ: 6ｦ1 -l: ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ; 6ｦ1 -w: ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ; 6ｦ1 -m: ｨ ｨｴ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ; 6ｦ1 -c: ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｰ; 6ｦ1 -L: ｨｨｨｪ04 09ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ wc ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ0806ｨｺ, ｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07: ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ 09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ: $ wc -l /etc/passwd ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ﾂｨｨ CPU 09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ｨｬ04 07ｨｨ0302ｨｬ: $ grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo wc -l ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬｨ 01 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ, ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ0502./patterns.txt ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 03 06ｨｰ00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮwc: # fgrep -f./patterns.txt /var/log/mail/info wc -l 69

76 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ sort: ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ 4 : sort [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05(04)] 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 06ｨｰ090608ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ /etc/passwd. 08ｨ ｨｺ 09ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｰ02, 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ090608ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ: $ cat /etc/passwd ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ090608ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ login, ｨｬ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｬ: $ sort /etc/passwd 0306 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ sort ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 (09 ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ login). ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｰ090608ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ02 ｨｮｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ06 -r: $ sort -r /etc/passwd ｨｺｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｦ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ UID, 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0502 /etc/passwd ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ UID: $ sort /etc/passwd -t":" -k3 -n ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ sort: 6ｦ1 -t":": ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ sort ｯｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ":"; 6ｦ1 -k3: 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ 0706 ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ 02ｨｮ; 6ｦ1 -n: ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ0602 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺ02: $ sort /etc/passwd -t":" -k3 -n -r 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 sort 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 0109ｨｮｨｬ07 09ｨ 03ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ: 6ｦ1 -u: 09ｨｰ080600ｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨ : ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ; 6ｦ1 -f: ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ (09ｨｰ0806 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 0302, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｪ0402). 06, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ UID, ｨｬ04 ｨｬ060302ｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ: $ sort /etc/passwd -t":" -k3 -n tail -n ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 /etc/passwd ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨ 02ｨｮ UID ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0706 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ tail. 02ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ090608ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ find: 0306ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ find - 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04 09ｨｰｨ 0802ｨｦ03ｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ UNIX ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨｮ0809ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｪｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0608ｨｮ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0706ｨｪ07ｨｰ02ｨｪ, ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ. 02ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: find [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ] [ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｦ1]... [ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｦN] [0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02] ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ, find ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ02 ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｨ, 05ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪ06 ｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪ02 ｱ, ｨｰ.02. ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｬｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ04, ﾂｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｮ0706ｨｬ07ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｨ: ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ sort. 02ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰ0701 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｮ. 70

77 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 6ｦ1 -xdev: ｨｪ02 ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 01, ｨｪｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 01. 6ｦ1 -mindepth <n>: 0907ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｬ ｨｪｨ n ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ. 6ｦ1 -maxdepth <n>: ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪ02 ｨｪｨｨ0302 n ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ. 6ｦ1 -follow: ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ, ｨｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 find ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ. 6ｦ1 -daystart: 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ (09ｨｬ. ｨｪｨｨ0302), 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 (24 ﾂｨ 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 06ｨｰ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ) 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｰ09 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ 08ｨｪ ｨｺ. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨ: 6ｦ1 -type <ｨｰｨｨ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ >: 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ. <06ｨｨ0706ｨｬ_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ > ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ: f (06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ05), d (ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ), l (09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ ), s (0906ｨｺ02ｨｰ), b (00ｨ ｨｦ05 ｨ 0506 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ), c (00ｨ ｨｦ05 09ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ) ｨｨ05ｨｨ p (ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05). 6ｦ1 -name <03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ>: 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ﾂｨｹｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ 00ｨ ｨｦ (09ｨｬ. 08ｨ ｨ ). 6ｦ1 -iname <03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ>: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ -name, ｨｪ06 ｨ 0204 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ. 6ｦ1 -atime <n>, -amin <n>: 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ06 n 01ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 (-atime) ｨｨ05ｨｨ n ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 (-amin) ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ06 +<n> ｨｨ05ｨｨ -<n>, 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302, ﾂ02ｨｬ n 01ｨｪ02ｨｦ/ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01. 6ｦ1 -anewer <00ｨ ｨｦ05>: 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ , ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨｮ. 6ｦ1 -ctime <n>, -cmin <n>, -cnewer <00ｨ ｨｦ05>: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ -atime, -amin ｨｨ -anewer, ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｬ06 ｨｺ 01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 6ｦ1 -regex <03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ>: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ -name, ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 04ｨｮｨｬ0209ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02. 6ｦ1 -iregex <03ｨ ｨ 0506ｨｪ>: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ -regex, ｨｪ06 ｨ 0204 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ find(1) ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 0609: 6ｦ1 <c1> -a <c2>: ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨ, ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｪ04 06ｨ ｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 c1 ｨｨ c2; ｨｨ07 -a ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ020709ｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 c1, c2 ｨｨ c3, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ <c1> <c2> <c3>. 6ｦ1 <c1> -o <c2>: ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨ, ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0602 ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ c1 ｨｨ05ｨｨ c2. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ07 -o ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ, ﾂ02ｨｬ -a, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ06 c1 ｨｨ05ｨｨc2 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ06 c3, 09ｨ ｨｬ 0706ｨｪｨ 0106ｨ ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ( <c1> -o <c2> ) -a <c3> ｨｪ04 04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ (010204ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ) ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨｨｪｨ ﾂ02 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ04 shell ｯ06ｨｬ! 6ｦ1 -not <c1>: ｨｨｨｪ090208ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨｮ c1, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ -not <c1> ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｨ <c1> ｨｹ. 06, 09 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ. 0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ0402: 6ｦ1 -print: ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. 6ｦ1 -ls: ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104ls -ilds. 6ｦ1 -exec <ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨ 07_09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ >: ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ<ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨｮ06_09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ>. <0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪｨ 07_09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ > ｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ;, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｪ04 04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 shell ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ {}. 05ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06. 6ｦ1 -ok <ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ >: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ -exec, ｨｪ ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ. 01ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ 08ｨ 0406ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ 09 /usr/share ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ02: find /usr/share -type d ｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ HTTP , ｨ 03ｨｨ HTML-00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /var/www/html, 09 ｨｺ06ｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ0209ｨｹ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｨｨｬ0602 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｹ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 05ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0402 ｨ 09ｨｰ060804, ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ02 71

78 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ html, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ htm. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ /var/www/obsolete ｨｰ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴ : find ( -name "*.htm" -o -name "*.html" ) -a -ctime -30 -exec ln {} /var/www/obsolete ; 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨｨｦ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ: ( -name "*.htm" -o -name "*.html" ) -a -ctime ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 - ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.htm ｨｨ05ｨｨ.html ｰ ( -name "*.htm" -o -name "*.html" ) ｱ, ｨｨ (-a) ｨｰ02 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ, 0008ｨｮｨ , ｨｬ ｨ (-ctime -30). 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ: ｨｹ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ07 -a ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 04 06ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ090609ｨ 05ｨｨ, ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨ.htm, ｨ ｨｦ0504, 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪｨ.html, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ｨ, ｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ 04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ shell ｯｨ : ｨｨ ｨ 04 ｨｬ ｨｨ (.. ) 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 (.. ), ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ 05 ｨ 04 ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ -name "*.htm" -o -name "*.html" 09 sub-shell ｯe ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ02-04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｦｨｪ0402 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｪ0402 ｨｺｨ 0904 ﾂｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪ ｨｹ ﾂｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺ0609ｨｮ06 ﾂ0208ｨｰｨｮ, ｨｰ.ｨｺ. ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｨ040605ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｨｨｬ , ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ0202, 0906ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ : -exec ln {} /var/www/obsolete ; ｨｹ 0904 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ04 04ｨ 05ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ; ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06, find ｨ 05ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｮ -exec 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208: ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ (/shared/images), ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ touch ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ stamp, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ090704ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 JPEG ｨ ｨｪ , ﾂ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05 stamp, ｨｪ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ04 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｨ09ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609, 05ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ0802ｨｪｨｨ07 jpg, jpeg, JPG ｨｨ05ｨｨ JPEG ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ old ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ 09ｨ ｨｬ ﾂｨｰ02, ｨ 09ｨ 0302 ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ peter: find /shared/images -cnewer /shared/images/stamp -a -iregex ".*.jpe?g" -a -not -regex ".*/old/.*" mail peter -s " ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07" 0806ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06, 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ, ｨｨ 0904 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0202, ｨｨ 0904 ｨ ﾂ05ｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 06ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｮ050708ｨｪ ｨｰ04ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ ｨｨ0601ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ cron, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0907ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ crontab: ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ crontab crontab ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ0601ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ﾂ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｮ. crontab 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬ ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ 01, ﾂｨ 09ｨ 01, 01ｨｪ0701 ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｬ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ, crontab ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ: 6ｦ1 -l: ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ crontab; 6ｦ1 -e: ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ crontab; 6ｦ1 -r: ｨｮ01ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ crontab; 5. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨ /var/www ｨｨ /var/www/obsolete ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02! 72

79 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 6ｦ1 -u <070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ>: 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ <070605ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507>. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 root. 02ｨ 09ｨ ｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 crontab ｯｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ crontab -e, ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ060904ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0608, ｨｨ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 06ｨｺ08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 EDITOR ｨｨ05ｨｨ VISUAL, ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ Vi. 05ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ0502 crontab ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｦ - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ 01, ﾂｨ 09ｨ 01, 01ｨｪ0701 ｨｬ ｨ, ｨｬ ｨ 01 ｨｨ 01ｨｪ0701 ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｬｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ. 05ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ # - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 08ｨｨｨｨ, 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ00ｨｪ0608ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ crond ( ｨ ｨｬｨｬ06ｨｦ, 06ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ04 crontab). 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ crontab ｯｨ (00ｨ ｨｦ05 /etc/crontab). 00 ｨｪ02ｨｬ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 (ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ09ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 04 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401). 0006ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ crontab: ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪｨ 0702 ﾂｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ0106ｨ 06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｬ 0308ｨｨ00ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｬ ｨｪ04 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0601ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ, 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02. 06ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ 01 Makefile, 09 shell ｯ02, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰｨ 01. # ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｮ, ｨｰ06 # 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮｨｦｨｰ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ #MAILTO="09ｨ 03_050502ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ_ｨ " # # ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨｨ02 06 ｨｪ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｺｨ ｨｪ :00, # ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ﾂ020006, ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 "retouch" # ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ "stamp". 05ｨｪｨ ｨｺ "%" 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ # ｨｪ0609ｨｮ06 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｮ, 05ｨｰ ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01 # ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺ */2 * * find /shared/images -cnewer /shared/images/stamp -a -iregex ".*.jpe?g" -a -not -regex ".*/old/.*"%touch /shared/images/stamp # # ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0906 :) * mpg123 $HOME/sounds/merryxmas.mp3 # # 08ｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0608ｨｪｨｨｨｺ 09 17: ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ 0706ｨｺｨｮ0706ｨｺ * * 2 lpr $HOME/shopping-list.txt 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 0609 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ , ｨｺ0806ｨｬ02 ｨｰ0201, ﾂｨｰ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0802ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0707ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ (1,14,23) ｨｨ05ｨｨ 01ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪ (1-15), ｨｨ05ｨｨ 01ｨ 0302 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 (1-10,12-20), ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ 03ｨ 0006ｨｬ (1-12,20-27/2) ｨｹ 09ｨ 0302ｨｦ 04ｨ 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｦｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｰ 00ｨ ｨｦ05! at: ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0907ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06, ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｮ06-ｨｪｨｨｨ ｨｮ01ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 0102ｨｪｨｹ, ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ 08ｨ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 0706ｨｬｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨ ｨｪ0703ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0909ｨｰ0802 ﾂ : ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ02 09 X, ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ 07ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｰ X11R6-contrib ｨｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, 09ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｬ, 09 17:30 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ at - 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06: $ at 17:30 # ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0005ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ02 "at" at> xmessage "030608ｨ ｨｨ01ｨｰｨｨ! 0009ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ 09 18:00" # 01ｨ 03ｨｬｨｨｨｰ02 CTRL-d ｨ at> <EOT> job 1 at :30 $ 07ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ07 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 08ｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ: 73

80 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 6ｦ1 now +<ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ 05>: 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0902ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09 + ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ 05 ( ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｪ. 02ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ 05ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02). 05ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020809ｨ 05ｨ : <n>(minutes hours days weeks months) ｨｹ minutes - ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｮｨｰ04, hours - ﾂｨ 0904, days - 01ｨｪｨｨ, weeks - ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨ months - ｨｬ ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ now + 1 hour ( ﾂ ｨｨｨｪ ﾂｨ 09), now + 3 days ( ﾂ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｺ) ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ ｦ1 <time> <day>: ｨｪ0602 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ07 <time> (090802ｨｬ07) ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ at ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 0601ｨｪ04ｨｦ: 0904, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ 0100, 04:20, 2am, 0530pm, 1800 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04 ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ: noon ( ｨｪｨｹ), teatime (090802ｨｬ ﾂ0208ｨｪ ﾂｨ :00) ｨｨ05ｨｨ midnight (070605ｨｪ06 ﾂｨｹ) ｨｨ07 <day> (0102ｨｪｨｹ) ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0206ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ: ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, 12/20/2004, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0109ｨ 0102ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 0102ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ, ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｮ, ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ , ｨｪ06 ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｨ: ｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ: ｨｨ Dec 20, ｨｨ 20 Dec ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｪ04. 06ｨ ｨｺ0302 at ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ 04ｨｪ0606ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ: 6ｦ1 -l: ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴｨｨ ﾂ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 06ｨｰ06 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 atq. 6ｦ1 -d <n>: ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ04 06 ﾂ ｨｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ <n> ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 atq. 06ｨｰ06 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 atrm <n>. 08ｨ ｨｺ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ at(1) ｨｨ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ tar: ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0607ｨｨｨｰ020502ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨ 00ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ02 (Tape ARchiver) tar, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ find, - 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04 09ｨｰｨ 0802ｨｦ03ｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ UNIX 03, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ00ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ. 0006ｨｰ 06ｨｪ: tar [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ ] 0006ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ. 02ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪｨｮ ｨｨｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 07ｨｨ09ｨｹ, ｨｪ06 09ｨ ｨｬ 0706ｨｪｨ 0106ｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ tar(1), ｨｰ.ｨｺ ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ090507ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｬ ｨｹ 09 tar ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｰｨｨ0802 (-) ｨｺ060806ｨｰｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ. 6ｦ1 c: ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ ｨ 0801ｨｨ ｦ1 x: ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ. 6ｦ1 t: ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ. 6ｦ1 v: ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, 0106ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ, ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ02ｨｦ t (09ｨｬ ), ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｺ060806ｨｰｨｺ ｦ1 f <ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ >: ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ 09 ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨｨｬ07_00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ /dev/rmt0, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ0506ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｰ (ｨｰｨｨ0802), ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 (09 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ060006, ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ04 ｨｪ020006) ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ. 6ｦ1 z: ｨ ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ tar ｯｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨ 0801ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0903ｨ ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ gzip, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09, ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪ gzip ｯ06ｨｬ. 6ｦ1 j: 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ z, ｨｪ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ bzip2. 6ｦ1 p: 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨ 0801ｨｨ09ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ04, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨ ｨｹ02ｨ, ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 01ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04. 74

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82 130105ｨ 09ｨ 9. 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｺｨｨ 02ｨ 02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: gzip [060702ｨｨｨｨ] [00ｨ ｨｦ05(04)] ｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ07 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ, ｨｨ gzip, ｨｨ bzip2 ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 0603ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ: 6ｦ1-1,..., -9: ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ 0903ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07. ﾁ02ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ﾂｨｨ090506, ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ 0903ｨ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 6ｦ1 -d: 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｰ06 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ gunzip ｨｨ05ｨｨ bunzip2. 6ｦ1 -c: 09ｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ0609 ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ/08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ 00ｨ ｨｦ050609, ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ gzip, ｨｨ bzip2 ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 (ｨｨ05ｨｨ 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402) 00ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ06 -c. 00 bzip ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ060006, ｨｹ040609ｨ 0903ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -k. 00 gzip 05ｨｺ09ｨｨ09ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｹ 0708ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺｨｮｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｦ0504, ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ.txt, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨｮ bzip2 09 ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ 0903ｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ: $ bzip2-9 *.txt ｨｹ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ02 01ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ-ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｪ06 ｨｮ 05ｨｰ ﾂ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ bzip2, ｨ 0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 gzip. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 09ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰ06 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ , 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ｨｹ040609ｨ 0903ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 0506ｨｬ, ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ 09 ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨ 0801ｨｨ09: 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ: bzip2 -dc images.tar.bz2 gzip -9 >images.tar.gz 0004 ｨｬ060005ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ bzcat 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 bzip2 -dc. 06ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ04 gzip, ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ zcat, ｨ ｨｪ02 gzcat. 06ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 0302ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ bzless bzip2-00ｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ zless gzip, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ07ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ0504 ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06, ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ. 00 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｮ0708ｨ 03ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ01ｨｨｨｰ02 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ06ｨｰ08ｨ 0903ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ ｨ 0204 ｨｨ01 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0204 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ bzless ｨｨ05ｨｨ zless ｨｹ0302, ｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ , ｨ 0405ｨ ｨ 04 08ｨ 04ｨｬ020806ｨｬ ｨｨ01ｨｪｨｮ06 05ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ06. 06ｨｰｨ 0005ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｨ05ｨ 01ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｹ 04ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬ. 0308ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ02 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09: sort(1), sed(1) ｨｨ zip(1l) (01ｨ, 05ｨｰ06 ｨｰ06, 06 ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｮｨｬｨ 05ｨｨ: 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 08ｨ 0907ｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ.zip-ｨ 0801ｨｨ GNU/Linux), convert(1) ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｮ ﾂ03ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 09 ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ , ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ02 ｨｬｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｦ 01ｨ ｨ ｨｬ0401 ｨｪ020603ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ! 76

83 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾁｨｰ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ , ｨｬ04 ｨｮ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ080205ｨｨ 09 04ｨ ｨｹ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨ01 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 01 05ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907, 0708ｨｨ0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ0907, ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｰ.01. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨｨｬ020804, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｹ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ, ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨｮ04ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｨ 09 00ｨ ｨｦ05ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, , 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 GNU/Linux, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0907 init ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07, 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ07 04ｨ 0008ｨｮ04ｨｺｨｨ. 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 0708ｨｨ0909ｨ ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ (PID, Process ID, ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨ ), ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｨ01 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ (PPID, Parent Process ID, ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨ ). init 09ｨ ｨｬ 0902ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0206ｨｬ PID ｨｨ PPID 08ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｦ UNIX 03 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 0802ｨ 00ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 64 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ0606ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｬ (ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ ) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ090605ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨ ｨｬ (SIGx, x - ｨｨｨｬ07 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ). 32 ｰ09ｨｰｨ 0803ｨｨ01 ｱ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ (06ｨｰ ) - 05ｨｰ06 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨｨ01 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 04ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0005ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ04 05ｨｰｨｨ01 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0109ｨｮ01 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ : 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ (KILL) ｨｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ (STOP). 05ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05 9 ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ06 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰ0603ｨ 02ｨｰ , ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0608ｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨ 0502ｨｬ ｨｪ04ｨｦ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 kill -l ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨ 01: ps ｨｨ pstree 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ 0907ｨｨ0906ｨｺ , 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨｨ07ｨｬ. pstree ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 09 ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｬ 09ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 09 ps -f ps 05ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺ ps ｨ 0204 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪ04 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ090704ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨｮ: $ ps PID TTY TIME CMD pts/3 00:00:00 bash pts/3 00:00:00 ps 08ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ02 ｨｮｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰ04 UNIX 03, ps 06ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0907: 6ｦ1 a: ｨｨｨｰ , 04ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ; 6ｦ1 x: ｨｨｨｰ ｨ 0204 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｴ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ 0506ｨｬ, ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ; 6ｦ1 u: ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ07 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｬ07 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ. 77

84 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 02ｨｴ04 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ. 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｴｨ ｨｦｨｰ0209ｨｹ ｨｺ 09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ ps(1) ps 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｦ: ﾂｨ ｨｴ ｨ 09 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ PID, ｨ ｨｴ0202 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨ CMD ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ0702ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104. ﾁｨ ｨｴ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ps ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ: $ ps ax less 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ0906ｨｺ ｨ 07ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ06 01ｨ 09ｨｰ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ 0502ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰ0603ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ pstree 0806ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ pstree ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ ｨ. 0209ｨｪ0609ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0906ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｮ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0102ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨ : ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰ0603ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｨ , ｨ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ 06ｨｰ 0601ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ020507, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0102ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -p ｨ PID ｨｨ ｨｨ02ｨｦ -u ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ030602, 09ｨ ｨｬ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ pstree ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ: $ pstree -up more 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ02 06ｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ: kill, killall ｨｨ top kill, killall 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 kill ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ, ｨ killall ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｨｨｬ ｨ. 02ｨ 02 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0602 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ 0800ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 09 ｨｪ06ｨｬ020806ｨｬ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ, 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 06ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨ 02 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ (TERM). 01ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ0208, ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ PID 785, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ: $ kill ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 06ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ (STOP), ｨｨｨｰ02: $ kill ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0602, ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｮ03ｨｪ06 ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｰ02 ｨｨｨｬ07 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104 ps, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｰmozilla ｱ, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0106ｨｦ: $ killall -9 mozilla ｨ 06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｹ02ｨｰ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ (ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ02 root), ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ02 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ, ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ02 09 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ01 05ｨｰ06 ｨｪ ｨｨ0702ｨｰ ｨ ｨｲ0201ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ps ｨｨ kill: top top - 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｬｨ, 0601ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 06ｨｴｨ 07 00ｨｮｨｪｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ps ｨｨ kill, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ06 06ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ.07., ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 04ｨｨ

85 130105ｨ 09ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 04ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ top 07ｨｰｨｨ05ｨｨｨｰｨ top ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09ｨｺｨｮ, ｨｪｨ 03ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｨ03ｨｮ h. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ0104: 6ｦ1 k: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ0708ｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｮ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ top ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ 09 PID ｨ, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0409ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ00ｨｪｨ 05ｨ (0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 TERM ｨｨ05ｨｨ 15); 6ｦ1 M: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｮ 04ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ 07ｨ ｨｬ07ｨｰｨｨ( %MEM); 6ｦ1 P: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ( %CPU). 06ｨｰ06 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06; 6ｦ1 u: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ top ｨｨｨｰ ｨｮ 09ｨ ｨｨｨｬ07. 00ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, ｨ ｨｪ UID ｨｨ 0904 ｨｪ ｨｰ02 ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ, ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ; 6ｦ1 i: 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ , 01ｨ ｨｴｨｨ02. 06ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ 01 ( , ｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｰ STAT ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 R, Running) ｨｰ0608ｨｪ0602 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｰ 09ｨ 09 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01 ｨｺ 0907ｨｨ09ｨｺｨｮ ｦ1 r: 05ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ : nice, renice ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ ｰ04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ nice ｱ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ -20 (ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ) (ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ) ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｪ, ｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0706 ｨｮｨｬ0605 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ06-0 ( ｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ ｱ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ) ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ (ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｬ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ nice, ｨｰｨｹ ) ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ ( ), ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ﾂｨｨ ｨｨｨｺ ｨ. 02ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨ 07ｨ 0406ｨｪ02 06ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ (root) ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ renice ｨｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ 0905ｨｨ03ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, 0904 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ02 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ04 09ｨｬ0209ｨｰ06 ｨｰ060006, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｮｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 ｨｺ06ｨｬｨ ｨｪ01ｨｮ renice ｨｨｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ09: renice 0708ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ [[-p] pid...] [[-g] pgrp...] [[-u] ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ...] ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰ - 04ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨ, pid - ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨ (ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ ｨｨ06 -p ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ), pgrp - ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨ (020905ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮｨｦｨｰ02 -g) ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ - ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020507, 0905ｨ ｨｴ ｨｬ (-u ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰ020502ｨｦ). 79