商学57‐6/7.上田

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1 Economies of ScaleEconomies of Scope

2 493 Christensen et. al.4 3 Caves et. al.3 Fuss and Waverman6 Murray and White8 Gilligan et. al Tachibanaki et. al

3 SUR 25 GMM NTT

4

5

6 HI1993

7 i yii1m k wkk1nn m 9 HI 2495

8 C Cy1, y2ym ; w1, w2wn SCL SCL m!i1 lnc m!i1 C Cy1, y2ym lnyi yi yi 2 SCL1 SCL1 SCL0 Panzar and Willng 10Baumol et. al Cy1, 00C0, 0ymCy1, y2ym 3 SCP Cy1, 00C0, 0ymCy1, y2ym 4 SCP Baumol et. al.2pp C yiyj0!

9 500 2 C 0 ij 5 yiyj 1 m!i1 lnc α 0 m!i1 α i lnyi n!k1 β k lnwk 1 2 γ ij lnyilnyj m!j1 m!i1 θ ik lnyilnwk n!k1 1 2 n!k1 φ kh lnwklnwh n!h1 6 well-behaved 12 γ ijγ ji, φ ijφ ji w!β k1,!φ kh0,!θ ik0 C wkβ k!kφ khlnwkθ ik!ilnyi0 C yiα i!iγ ijlnyiθ ik!klnwk0 2 2 C wkwh SCL SCL!i lnc lnyi!iα i!γ ijlnyi!θ iklnwk 7 SCL1 SCL lnyi0, lnwk0 SCALE!

10 501 SCALE!iα i C yiyj C yiyj 2 lnc lnyilnyj lnc lnyi lnc lnyj C yiyj γ ijα i!γ lnyi!θ iklnwkα i!γ ijlnyj!θ iklnwk SCOPE C yiyjscope 0 i j SCOPE lnyi0, lnwk0 SCOPE γ ijα iα j !

11 502 2 y1 y2 L M K 3 NEEDS LM 90 K 15 Kt1δ t!kt 1PIt"ItPIt 11 It t PIt K t t dt ItK tk t 1dt δ t δ tdtkt 1 wl wk pk K K ρ δ wkpkρ δ wm M y1y2 1 C wl wk wm C wllwkk M!

12 503 9 lnc α 0α 1lny1α 2lny2β KlnwKβ LlnwLβ MlnwMβ TlnT 1 2 γ 1 11lny12 2 γ γ 22lny22 12lny1lny2 θ 1Klny1lnwKθ 1Llny1lnwLθ 1Mlny1lnwMθ 1Tlny1lnT θ 2Klny2lnwKθ 2Llny2lnwLθ 2Mlny2lnwMθ 2Tlny2lnT 1 2 φ 1 KKlnwK2 2 φ 1 LLlnwL2 2 φ MMlnwM2 φ KLlnwKlnwLφ KMlnwKlnwMφ LMlnwLlnwM φ KTlnwKlnT φ LTlnwLlnT φ MTlnwMlnT φ TTlnTlnT 7!i1diDi 12 T D 0 1 SURSeemingly Unrelated Regression 1 SKβ Kφ KKlnwKφ KLlnwLφ KMlnwMθ 1Klny1θ 2Klny2 SLβ Lφ LLlnwLφ LKlnwLφ LMlnwMθ 1Llny1θ 2Llny2 SMβ Mφ MMlnwMφ MKlnwKφ MLlnwLθ 1Mlny1θ 2Mlny2 1 3 SM α 1 α 2 1 β K β L 2 Baten1

13 504 1 P 1 β T 2 β TT α α α β K β L β T γ γ γ y1 1 θ 1K θ 1L α y2 1 α 2 θ 1M SCALE θ 1T θ 2K θ 2L y1 y2 γ 12 θ 2M SCOPE θ 2T φ KK φ LL φ KL φ KM φ LM φ KT T D φ LT φ MT φ TT DAISYOWA α 1 TOKAI α 2 MITSUBISI HOKUETSU TYUETSU SANKOKU HONSYU SCALE SCOPE γ

14 505 2 P P P α α α α α α α α α β K β K β K β L β L β L γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ θ 1K θ 1K θ 1K θ 1L θ 1L θ 1L θ 1M θ 1M θ 1M θ 2K θ 2K θ 2K θ 2L θ 2L θ 2L θ 2M θ 2M θ 2M φ KK φ KK φ KK φ LL φ LL φ LL φ KL φ KL φ KL φ KM φ KM φ KM φ LM φ LM φ LM SCALE SCALE SCALE SCOPE SCOPE SCOPE P P P α α α α α α α α α β K β K β K β L β L β L γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ γ θ 1K θ 1K θ 1K θ 1L θ 1L θ 1L θ 1M θ 1M θ 1M θ 2K θ 2K θ 2K θ 2L θ 2L θ 2L θ 2M θ 2M θ 2M φ KK φ KK φ KK φ LL φ LL φ LL φ KL φ KL φ KL φ KM φ KM φ KM φ LM φ LM φ LM SCALE SCALE SCALE SCOPE SCOPE SCOPE 0.593

15 506 P P α α α α α α β K β K β L β L γ γ γ γ γ γ θ 1K θ 1K θ 1L θ 1L θ 1M θ 1M θ 2K θ 2K θ 2L θ 2L θ 2M θ 2M φ KK φ KK φ LL φ LL φ KL φ KL φ KM φ KM φ LM φ LM SCALE SCALE SCOPE SCOPE SCALE SCOPE SCOPE γ 12 SCOPE 2 17

16 507 Coelli and Battese

17 Baten, A. P.MaximumLikelihood Estimation of a Complete System of Demand EquationsEuropean Economic Review, Vol. 1, pp. 7 73, Baumol, W. J., J. C. Panzar and R. D. Willng, Contestable Markets and Theory of Industrial Organization, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Caves, D. W. L. R. Christensen and M. W. TrethewayFlexible Cost Functions for Multiproduct FirmsThe Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 62, pp , Christensen, L. R., D. W. Jorgenson and L. J. LauTranscendental Logarithmic Production Frontiers The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 55, pp , Coelli, T. D., S. P. Rao and G. E. Battese, An Introduction to Efficiency and Production Analysis, Kluwaer Academic Publishers, Fuss, M and L.WavermanRegulation and Multiproduct Firm : The Case of Telecommunications in Canadain : G.Fromm, ed., Studies in Public Regulation, Cambridge : M. I. T Press, Gilligan, T. W. and M. SmirlockScale and Scoope Economies in the Multiproduct Banking Firms Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 13, Murray, J. D. and R. W. WhiteEconomies of Scale and Economies of Scope in Multiproduct Financial Institutions : A Study of British Columbia UnionsJournal of Finance, Vol. 38, Panzar, J. C. and R. D. WillngEconomies of Scale in Multi-Output ProductionQuartery Journal of Economics, Vol. 91, Panzar, J. C. and R. D. WillngEconomies of ScopeAmerican Economic Review, Vol. 71, Tachibanaki, T, K. Mitsui and H. KitagawaEconomies of Scope and Shareholding of Banks in JapanThe Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, Vol. 5, pp ,

18 Economies of Scope Scale and Scope Economies Fourier 2 1,

19

(2004 ) 2 (A) (B) (C) 3 (1987) (1988) Shimono and Tachibanaki(1985) (2008) , % 2 (1999) (2005) 3 (2005) (2006) (2008)

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