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1 Social Overhead Capital Social Capital Social Overhead Capital Social Capital SC SC Putnam

2 - June Putnam ; MacGillivray and Walker ; Raexi Hanifan SC SC SC SC Human Capital SC quoted in Schuller et al SC Loury SC

3 SC Loury SC SC Coleman SC SC Coleman SC SC SC SC

4 - June SC SC SC physical SC SC SC Coleman Making Democracy Work Bowling Alone

5 civic communitycitizenship Putnam SC SC

6 - June Putnam SC SC SC Putnam SC Putnam -

7 civic community community civic SC General Social Survey

8 - June Lin Maloney et al SC SC SC Boggs SC SC Loizos Putnam Portes SC SC Shuller et al. SC SC SC Krishna SC

9 SC SC Campbell KKK bonding exclusive bridging inclusive Putnam SC SC Steger SC SC Putnam Putnam SC

10 - June SC Putnam - bridging SC SC Putnam - Social Overhead Captial

11 Social Overhead Capital Social Overhead Capital - -

12 - June - - -

13 Social Overhead Capital c congestion

14 - June b b c fiduciary a b

15 - - Fisher - Fisher - Tobin

16 - June E - - -

17 society society society society societas The Oxford English Dictionary

18 - June SC Lin - Lin SC SC Putnam - SC Putnam - Gemeinschaft

19 Gesellschaft community Gemeinschaft society Gesellschaft civic community civic community

20 - June

21 Psacharopoulos Woodhall

22 - June economic cultural social social capital SC Bourdieu SC SC SC

23 Arrow Solow

24 - June Narayan and Pritchett Lin social resources

25 [] SC bonding exclusive SC bridging inclusive SC / bonding SC bridging SC linking SC World Bank structural SC cognitive SC Uphoff institutionalrelational Krishna SC

26 - June SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC SC Colletta and Cullen Maloney et al SC, Portes SC SC SC Field et al. b SC SC SC

27 SC a b a b c K.W. K.W. T.W. F.

28 - June B L Arrow, Kenneth ( ) Observations on Social Capital, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. Baron, Stephen, John Field, and Tom Schuller eds. ( ) Social Capital: Critical Perspectives, Oxford University Press. Boggs, Carl ( ) Social Capital as Political Fantasy, in McLeand et al eds.. Bourdieu, Pierre ( ) The Forms of Capital, in Halsey et al eds.. Campbell, Catherine ( ) Social Capital and Health: Contextualizing Health Promotion within Local Community Networks, in Baron et al eds.. Coleman, James ( ) Foundations of Social Theory, The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Coleman, James ( ) Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, in Halsey, A.H. et al eds.. Colletta, Nat, and Michelle Cullen ( ) Violent Conflict and the Transformation of Social Capital: Lessons from Cambodia, Rwanda, Guatemala, and Somalia, World Bank. Dasgupta, Partha and Ismail Serageldin eds. ( ) Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective, The World Bank. Field, John, Tom Schuller, and Stephen Baron ( ) Social Capital and Human Capital Revisited, in Baron et al eds.. Fisher, Irving (William Barber ed.) ( ) The Works of Irving Fisher, vol. : The Nature of Capital and Income, London:Pickering and Chatto. Halsey, A.H. et al eds. ( ) Education: Culture, Economy, and Society, Oxford University Press. Hanifan, L. J. ( ) The Rural School Community Center, The Annals of the American Academy of

29 Political and Social Science, vol.. Krishna, Anirudh ( ) Creating and Harnessing Social Capital, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. Lin, Nan ( ) Social Capital: A Theory of Social Structure and Action, Cambridge University Press. Loizos, Peter ( ) Are Refugees Social Capitalists?, in Baron et al eds.. Loury, Glenn ( ) A Dynamic Theory of Racial Income Differences, in Phyllis Wallace and Annette LaMond eds., Women, Minorities, and Employment Discrimination, Lexington:Lexington Books. Loury, Glenn ( ) Why Should We Care about Group Inequality?, Social Philosophy and Policy, vol., Issue. MacGillivray, Alex, and Perry Walker ( ) Local Social Capital: Making it Work on the Ground, in Baron et al eds.. Maloney, William, Graham Smith, and Gerry Stoker ( ), Social Capital and Associational Life, in Baron et al eds.. McLean, Scott, David Schultz and Manfred Steger ( ) Introduction, in McLean et al eds.. McLean, Scott, David Schultz and Manfred Steger eds. ( ) Social Capital: Critical Perspectives on Community and Bowling Alone, New York University Press. Narayan, Deepa, and Lant Pritchett ( ) Social Capital: Evidence and Implications, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. Portes, Alejandro ( ) Social Capital: Its Origins and Applications in Modern Sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, vol.. Putnam, Robert ( ) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton University Press NTT. Putnam, Robert ( ) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community, New York:Simon and Schuster. Rae, Douglas ( ) Foreword in McLean et al eds.. Serageldin, Iamail, and Christiaan Grootaert ( ) Defining Social Capital: An Integrating View, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. Shuller, Tom, Stephen Baron, and John Field ( ) Social Capital: A Review and Critique, in Baron et al eds.. Solow, Robert ( ) Notes on Social Capital and Economic Performance, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. Steger, Manfred ( ) Robert Putnam, Social Capital, and a Suspect Named Globalization, in McLean et al eds.. Tobin, James ( ) Editorial Introduction in Fisher. Uphoff, Norman ( ) Understanding Social Capital: Learning from the Analysis and Experience of Participation, in Dasgupta and Serageldin eds.. World Bank ( ) World Development Report / : Attacking Poverty, World Bank. Woodhall, Maureen ( ) Human Capital Concepts, in Halsey et al eds..

30 - June Social Capital and Social Overhead Capital This paper examines the concept of social capital, comparing it with social overhead capital. Social overhead capital has often been called Shakai Shihon (literally social capital) in Japan, and is mostly understood as social infrastructure. Putnam interprets social capital as a feature of social organisation such as trust, norms and networks, and argues that social capital plays a distinctively important role in democratic governance and economic development through an empirical analysis of regional government reform in Italy. Putnam succeeds in demonstrating the unique importance of the social dimension in political and economic development. His conclusion, based on a rather arbitrary manipulation of statistical data, seems to be trapped in a kind of cultural determinism. Generally speaking, the social capital thesis could be seen as a backlash to the market universalism, yet does not escape from economism as long as it uses the capital concept. While no one denies the importance of trust, norms and networks in social relations and human behaviour, these factors cannot be appreciated simply from the viewpoint of economic efficiency and return on investment. So-called social capital may, therefore, be understood as social resources. SATO, Makoto

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