オーストラリア研究紀要 34号(P)/8.古川

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1 34 p Community Correction for the offender in Australia and the Suggestion for Treatment of the offender in Japan Takashi Furukawa Otemon Gakuin University Abstract In Australia the offender treatment is mainly divided into two parts. One is to accommodate those in the prison and the other is to treat them in the community-based shelter and so on, especially the latter is respected as the social rehabilitation. In the community-based shelter, there are various programs such as rehabilitation, interviews with parole officer, further more the cooperation with private volunteers. The reason many people take part in these programs is, first of all, that the Law concerning the offender s rehabilitation has been reformed, second, the information regarding the criminology has been widely spread, third, wide variety rehabilitation programs have been being supported and operated by the citizen. On the other hand, in Japan, the victim is treated respectively, however, the offender is punished relatively harsh. That is because the Japanese criminal system is centered to accommodate those in prison, not to designed them to rehabilitate. As a result, the offender is left in the society he(she) belongs to without any social support. Itruly suggest that we have to discuss this problem seriously and come to an agreement that we take part in the programs to help those offenders support social rehabilitation. Keywords : community correction, punishment, social inclusion, the rehabilitation program, participate with citizen

2 community correction probation AIC penal populism

3 : : BBS 2006 Intensive Correction Order MERIT Magistrates Early Referral Into Treatment community correction community correction

4 : ABS Ausrtalian Bureau of Statistics CRIME AND SAFETY, AUSTRALIA AIC Australian Institute of Criminology Homicide in Australia : National Homicide Monitoring Program Annual Report AIC Crime Facts Info 1 3 7,855, AIC ABS

5 NP NP Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005 CRIME AND SAFETY, AUSTRALIA 2 Australian Crime Facts & Figure ABU , Recorded crime, victims

6 3 DV Australian Crime Facts & Figure ,000 1 Cannabis Heroin Amphetamine Cocaine Other(s) 70,000 60,000 Cannabis 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 Other(s) Heroin Amphetamine Cocaine 0 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 AIC, Crime and criminal justice statistics URL : 4 VicHealth DV AIC Carcach 65 4 Carcach, C., Graycar, A., and Muscat, G DV 2001 DV DV DV

7 2 community correction AIC 2007 AIC AIC 2001 ; Cameron, M ABS AIC McCarthy, C., Lincoln, R., Wilson, P : 8. 19

8 1886 The Offender Probation Act Bradoshaw 2000 The Parole Act The Offenders Probation and Parole Act just deserts model The Offenders Probation and Parole Act

9 2 Community Corrections Volunteer Probation and Volunteers in Corrections Inc. The Probation Officer Community Based Order /3 Intensive Correction Order

10 2 Penal populism 4 5 PFI 2009

11 4 A 2002 Ausrtalian Bureau of Statistics CRIME AND SAFETY, AUSTRALIA URL : http : // gov.au Austrarlian Institute of Criminology Crime Facts Info URL : Cameron, M Women Prisoners and Correctional Programs, Trends and Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice No McCarthy, C., Lincoln, R., Wilson, P Privatsing Community Corrections : Report for Families, youth and Community Care Queensland, Humanities & Social Sciences paper, Faculty of Humanities and Social science, Centre for Applies Psychology and Criminology, Bond University Sherman, L. W. & Strang, H., et. al., 2000 Recidivism Pattern in the Canberra Reintegrative Shaming Experiments RISE Centre for Restrative Justice, Reseach School of Social Sciences, Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University. URL html Department Of Justice URL : corrections/index.html Weatherburn, D., Hua, J., Moffatt, S How much crime does prison stop? The incapacitation effect of

12 prison on burglary, CRIME AND JUSTICE Bulletin, Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice No. 93, pp , Vol. 31 No. 3, Vol. 5, Vol. 50, No. 9,

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