Tsitologiya 55(7)

Transcription

1 ｨｬ 55, ﾁ ﾁ ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 06ｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ0600ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0502ｨｰｨｺｨｨ , 03ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｪ06; ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ : ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 0002ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 08ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 3D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ0606ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0402ｨ D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ0804: ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨ 07 04ｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ010609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0302 ｨｮ ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ080600ｨ 07 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 07ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ0603ｨ. 0506ｨ ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ06ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｬ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ﾂ ｨ :050502ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬｨｨｨｺ080609ｨｺ0607ｨｨ07, 3D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ07, ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ , ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ0603, 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ0603, 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ060106ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0006ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨ0902ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ 03 ｪ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ (Sorra et al., 1998; Fiala, Harris, 2001) ｪ ｨ 09ｨｮ 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08, ｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｦ (3D) 0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ04ｨｬ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰ06ｨｬ03 09 ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｨ (Von Bartheld, 2001). (02ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｦ 01ｨｨ0902ｨｺｨｰ0608 (volume disector) ｪ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ, 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ (Harris et al., 1992; Sorra et al., 1998) ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ). 0201ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ020809ｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04, ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08 (Sj02strand, 1958; Westrum, Blackstad, 1962). 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨｬ07 ｨｬ02ｨｰ D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 09 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ060400ｨ, ｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨｮ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ (Harris et al., 2006) ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ0608ｨ ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ06ｨｬ060008ｨ 00ｨｨｨｨ (Frank, 2006) ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ 09 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｨ SBF (serial block-face scanning electron microscopy) (Denk, Horstmann, 2004; Gatan Inc., ) ｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ06-ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ (Knott et al., 2008; Bushby et al., 2011; FEI Company, ) 09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ080609ｨｺ0607ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｰ060106ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ (Hoffpauir et al., 2007). (SBF ｪ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ06, ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｮ 09 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 03ｨ 0006ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ080609ｨｺ0607ｨ ). 05 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ0502ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ 0507ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0502ｨｺ0607ｨｨｨｰｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 (Lindemann, 2001) ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ07ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ0406ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ ｨｮｨ 06ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ080607ｨｨ ｨｨ070706ｨｺｨ ｨｬ07ｨ (0805ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｺ06, ｨ - ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 2012). 0608ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06 09 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 3D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ06 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 01ｨｨ08ｨｮ0800ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｰ08ｨｮ010602ｨｬｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ, 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ*04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 00ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 3D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ, ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0302ｨｦ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ 08ｨ 0408ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0402 ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 02ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｰ 0607ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨ ｨｨ0606ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 3D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨ 01 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0906ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ0506 ﾂ ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｰ 06ｨｪｨｨ 09 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ: 1) ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 01ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ, 2) ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨｬ0209ｨｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨｬ0605, 3) ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ, 4) ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺ02 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ06, 5) ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ - 507

2 ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｪ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ (08 ｪ01) ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 90 (0706: 00ｨｨ0806ｨｪ0609 ｨｨ 0108., 1994, 09 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ); ｨ ｪ 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ01 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ Leica EM UC ｨｺｨ 0506ｨｦ ｨｰｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0402ｨ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ000605; 09 ｪ ｨｨ040600ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｨ , ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ Diatome Ultra 45 ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ, ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 180, ｨｮ ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 06ｨｰ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ , 00 ｪ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ , 06 ﾂ0209ｨｨ01ｨｪ04 ｨｪ020601ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ00 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ (090708ｨ 09ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ). ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｪ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ , 6) ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨｮ08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪ01ｨｮ ｨｪｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 7) ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ , ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴ ｨｨ01 04ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07. 00ｨｪ02 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ (06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰｨ ), ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｺ09ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｦ09ｨｰ09 04ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ , ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ 06ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ0106ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 03ｨｨ01ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06 ﾂｨｺ02 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ ｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨ , ｨ ｨｪ0707, ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｨ. 00 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬ 09 ｨｮ0302 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ0806ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ, 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ020906ｨｦ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0402ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ , ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨ 0204 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0607ｨｴ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ. 06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 05ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰｨｮ0702ｨｪ 0506ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ080609ｨｺ0607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ (knifemaker) ｪ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺｨ ｨｨ040006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｪ ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 0704ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ. 04ｨｨ ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ01 09ｨｮ ｨｪ0603ｨ CryoTrim 45 (ｨ ) ｨｨ ｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ (ｨ ). ｨ ｪ 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ01 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ (ｨｺ08ｨｮ0005ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ ); 罟 ｪ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ: 1 ｪ 09ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ, 2 ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 3 ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0708ｨ 0906ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 4 ｪ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 5 ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ (ｨｨ04: 09 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ) ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 04 ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 05ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｹ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｪ ｨ 0102ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ 04ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ090609, ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｬ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ (Harris et al., 2006; Ruthensteiner, 2008) ｨｺ0506 ﾂ020904ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 07ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｮ06 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ 09 08ｨｮｨｰｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｮ0902 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 0908ｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ02ｨｬ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｨｨｰ0904, ｨｰ06 ｨｺｨ - ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｮ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ0806ｨｰ06ｨｬ02 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬｨｬ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ Reichert/Leica Ultratrim, Leica EM TRIM ｨｨ Leica EM TRIM2 (080909ｨｰ08ｨｨ07/050108), ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 0506ｨ 0402 ｨｪ020601ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09 ｨｪ0603ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ04 ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0005ｨ 01ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06, ｨｪｨ 09ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 05ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｹ 05ｨｰ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ 09 ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｬ02 ｨｬｨｨｨｺ ｨ ﾂｨｨ (Galey, 1963) ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬｨｬ0208ｨ, ｨ ｨｪ020601ｨｪ ｨｪ04. 00ｨｨ0806ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ (1994) 0607ｨｨ09ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ- ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 0706 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺ02 ｨｪｨ 30 ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 0601ｨｪｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ, 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ - ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 30 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮ08ｨｮ, ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ060302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｨ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06, ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0502 ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨｰ090209ｨｪ0402 ｨ 06ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｮ000506ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ (ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ; 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0005. mesa ｪ 09ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ; ｨｬｨ ｨｹ0200ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 03ｨｨ0806ｨｺ06 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｺ02), 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ06ｨｮ000605ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ070201ｨ, ｨｰｨｮ07ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ06, ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ -

3 130002ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ LKB ,08 2 ｪ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ05ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨｮ; 09 1 ｪ09 3 ｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ; 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 09ｨｺ060506ｨｰ04ｨｦ 0708ｨ 0904ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ( ﾂ0208ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ 01ｨｨｨｨ 09 3 ) ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 0706ｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ04 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ d ( ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ) ｨｨ c ( ﾂｨｨ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ020802); ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｮｨｺ09 ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨ 0702 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ. 05ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ02 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 00ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ (06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ). 0209ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ ｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ04 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 05ｨ 0706 ｨ ｨｮ: ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ060106ｨｬ ｨｬ (00ｨｨ0806ｨｪ0609 ｨｨ 0108., 1994; Bozzola, Russell, 1999). 02ｨｰ090209ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ, 06ｨ ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 07 ｨ 0506ｨｺ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ0804ｨｬ ｨｮ000605ｨｺ06ｨｬ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ (Galey, 1963; De Bruijn, McGee-Russell, 1966; 00ｨｨ0806ｨｪ0609 ｨｨ 0108., 1994), ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 07 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 180 (08ｨｨ09. 1, a) ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ0806ｨｰ06ｨｬ04 06ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 0506ｨｦ, ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ (08ｨｨ09. 1, ｨ ) ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ02 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｺｨ 03ｨｮｨｰ0907 ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ, 08ｨ 04ｨｪｨｨ02ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 01ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ0400ｨｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｪ50 (08ｨｨ09. 1, 09). 02ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 06ｨｰ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ ｨｪ020601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ060906ｨｦ ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｴ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ (08ｨｨ09. 1, 00) ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ040600ｨｪｨｮｨｰ06ｨｦ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06 ﾂｨｺ02 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 0502ｨｬ ｨｨ 0706ｨｨ09ｨｺ02 ｨｨ 0006ｨｰ060008ｨ 00ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0601ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ080609ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ D-0802ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｨ04 09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0902ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ 01ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪ04 04ｨ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ010609ｨ 0903ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00ｨｨ0102ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｰ (perfect loop), ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｪ08ｨｪ ｨｪｨ (Gay, Anderson, 1954), 0708ｨｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨ 08ｨｪ09 ｨｨ ﾁｨ ｨｬｨ ｨ (Barnes, Chambers, 1961), ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ ｨｰ000605ｨ ｪ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ (Westfall, 1961; Westfall, Healy, 1962), 00ｨｰ0802ｨｰｨｹ07 08ｨｮｨｺｨ ｨｰ00ｨ ｨ 0801ｨ (Behnke, Rostgaard, 1964) ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ0407ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨ ｪ01ｨｨ05ｨｹ0906ｨｪｨ (Galey, Nilsson, 1966), ｨｬ0601ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ020806ｨｬ (Wegner, 1971) ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0806ｨｪ060904ｨｬ (Mironov et al., 2008) ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｨ 09 ｨｰ ｨｬ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ 06ｨｪ06 ｨｺｨ 09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪ (Hayat, 2000). 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｨ06, 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 (Hayat, 2000) ｨ 08ｨｮｨ 0203ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ01ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 09 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｪ 09ｨ 0808ｨｨ09 (Harris et al., 2006; ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ06ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ 0008ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺ08ｨｨ06ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ CryoTrim 45 (Diatome US, Inc., ). 06ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0603 ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ 0906ｨｦ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04 (08ｨｨ09. 2, ｨ ). 0308ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ02 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ CryoTrim ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ 08ｨ 0402ｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ0603ｨ. 05ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09ｨ, ｨｮ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ (08ｨｨ09. 2, ｨ, 05ｨｰｨ , 3). 05ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0609ｨｨ 03ｨｰｨ ｨｪ00ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｮ08ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｰ (08ｨｨ09. 2, ｨ, 05ｨｰｨ , 5). 05ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ Cryo- Trim ｨｹｨｪ , 06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮｨ 0502ｨｦ, 01ｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ 0804ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0603, ｨｮ0302 ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ06ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｰ ｨ 0502ｨｺ06 ｨｪ02 09 ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 05ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 0302 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 ｨｬｨｨｨｺ0806ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ0609, ｨｺ0502ｨｰｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨｨｪ0208ｨ 05ｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺ0502ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｪ060904ｨｦ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ0603 ｨ 0409ｨｰ ｨｨ0102ｨｰ 09 ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ, 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302 ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ0401, 09ｨｪ ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ. 0905ｨｪ090902ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｬ ｨｰ0804ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ000605ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ (Hanssen et al., 2010)

4 ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨｨ ｨｰ060008ｨ 00ｨｨ07 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ (d) ｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ (ｨ ), ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ d. ｨ ｪ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ (09ｨｨ ｨ 01ｨｨ); ｨ ｪ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ 0708ｨ 0904ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ (09ｨｨ ｨ 01ｨｨ); 09 ｪ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ (09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ), 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ, ﾂｨｮｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ (ｨｺ08ｨｮ0005ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ ); 00 ｪ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ (09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ), 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ, ﾂｨｮｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ04ｨｬ 0706 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺ02 (ｨｺ08ｨｮ0005ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ ) ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 04ｨ 0609ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 07ｨｨｨｺ, ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ 0708ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺ02 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ0603ｨ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨ07 08ｨ ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 0405ｨ 09ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ 0202ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ. 01ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ0507ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ (04ｨ 0709ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ ) ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ. 02ｨｪ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 2 ｨｪ0603ｨ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ. 05ｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ 0308ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 LKB ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ08ｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 09 ｨｮ000506ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨｮ LKB ｨｨｨｨ 7800 ( ｨｨ07; ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ ｨｨｨｨ LKB ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｪ060909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｨｨ ｨｰ080602ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ 08ｨｺ06ｨｦ ) ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 09 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｰ080204ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ 04ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ LKB ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ. ｨ ｪ 1-ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨｮ; ｨ ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 90 ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 09ｨｨ0506 ﾂ02ｨｺ (ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ); 09 ｪ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ06 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨｮ 0905ｨｪ090902ｨｪｨ (Hanssen et al., 2010) ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨ 0006ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609 ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ. 01ｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ 09 03ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ ｨ ; d ｨｨ c ｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 45, ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｬ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 2 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨｨ 0006ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, ｨｮ ｨｨ08 2 ). 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｪ0603ｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ000506ｨｦ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺ02 (08 2 ); 08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ), ｨ ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 d (dirty), ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ02 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ0507 ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 4, 09) ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ 09ｨ 04ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ d, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ000506ｨｦ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｮ (08 2 )). ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ, ｨｰ0804ｨｬ ｨｮ000605ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨ, ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ0506 ﾂ02ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ, 00ｨｨｨｺ09ｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ (08ｨｨ09. 5, ｨ ). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨ ｨ 0905ｨｪ090902ｨｪｨ (Hanssen et al., 2010) (08ｨｨ09. 5, 09), 05ｨｰｨ ｨｮ08ｨ 0706ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ0506 ﾂ02ｨｺ, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ05ｨｨ0906ｨｦ 0105ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02ｨｬ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ05ｨ. 06ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨｴｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ03ｨｨｨｬｨｪ ｨｨ0506 ﾂ02ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0806ｨｦｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ ｨ 0204 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 06ｨｰ080204ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ 0706 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺ02 ｨｪｨ 45 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0609ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｪｨ 180 (08ｨｨ09. 3, ｨｮ ｪ09 3 ). 0308ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨ 0006ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ000506ｨｦ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺ02 (09 3 ); 08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ) ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｬｨｮ 04ｨ 0609ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｺｨ. 06ｨｰ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0603 ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 4, 00) ｨ 07 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ d, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ000506ｨｦ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺ02 09ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ (09 3 )). 0308ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ 0906 ｨｨ04ｨ 0203ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ08ｨｮ 09 2 (08ｨｨ09. 3) ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨ ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ 0706 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺ02 (08ｨｨ09. 3, 09 1 ) 08ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 2 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ 0905ｨｪ090902ｨｪｨ, ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ 06ｨｺｨ 0302ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 (clean). 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ000605ｨｺｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 09ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨ 09 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ 01ｨ 0502ｨｺ06 ｨｪ ｨ

5 130002ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ , ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ 0706ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ. ｨ ｪ 0006ｨｰ060008ｨ 00ｨｨ07 ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 09 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0109ｨｮｨｬ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ0507, ｨｴｨ 01ｨｹ d ｨｬｨｺｨｬ (06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ); ｨ ｪ ｨｨ , ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ 09 ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 07ｨ ｨｪ0205ｨｨ ｨ ; 09 ｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｬ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ. 0902ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ: 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ ｪ 0609ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 00ｨｨ070706ｨｺｨ ｨｬ07, 04ｨ 05ｨｨ0906 ﾂｨｪｨ ｨ ｪ Embed812/NMA/DDSA (090606ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｬ020902ｨｦ 08 : 00=3:7;0706:Luft, 1961), ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ0806ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｪ Leica EM UC6, 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ (03ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｪｨ 6 ｨｬｨｬ), ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208 ｪ LKB 7801, ｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｪ 6 09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 09 01ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ0505ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｦ, ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪｨ ｪ 60 ｨｪｨｬ, 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨｨ ｪ 1.6 ｨｬｨｬ/09. 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｰ090608ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ (09ｨｬ. ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09. 8 ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09 ｨｰ02ｨｺ09ｨｰ02). 05ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 0109ｨｮｨｬ07 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0204ｨ -07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨｮ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09ｨｮ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｪ0603ｨ CryoTrim ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ06 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ. 0207ｨｰｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪｨｮ 0902ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｰ0907 ｨｮ0105ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｬ. 06ｨ ｨｺ, 0708ｨｨ 03ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｪ02 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪｨｮ 0902ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ (ｨ 0502ｨｪ01ｨｮ) 09 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬｨｬ 0706ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｹ ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 07ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｮ ｨｪ0603ｨ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 08ｨ 0909ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 03ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｪｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 20 ｨｬｨｺｨｬ, ｨｰ ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ06 09ｨｰｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｮ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｬ (08ｨｨ09. 4, 09, 00). 05ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ02 Leica EM UC6 (080909ｨｰ08ｨｨ07) ｨ ﾂ02ｨｦ ｪ50 ｨｪｨｬ ｨｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ06 07ｨ 0102ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｪ100 ｨｬｨｬ/09 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮ ｨｰ090608ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ (08ｨｨ09. 6, ｨ ). 0308ｨｨ ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ0507ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ0106ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ; ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｬ020902ｨｦ A:B= 3: ｨｰｨｮ (Luft, 1961). C 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0607ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ 0906ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｨ05 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｮ ｨｨ ｪ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ04ｨｬ, 0106ｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪ060306ｨｬ (08ｨｨ09. 6, ｨ, 09). 01ｨ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪ , 04ｨ 0109ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｹ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ, ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｨ07, ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｰ02ｨｬ070208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨ 08ｨｮｨ 0203ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ09ｨｨｨ 08ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 09ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 06ｨｺ09, 04ｨ ｨｺ080409ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬ (Harris et al., 2006) ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 06ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ06 06ｨｰ06ｨｦｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｰ060001ｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｪ02ｨｰ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ 0105ｨｨｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨｮ 09ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ0609 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 (00ｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ0401) ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ Str. radiatum CA1-06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨｨ070706ｨｺｨ ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｦ080607ｨｨ0502 ｨｪｨ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ02 06ｨｺ ｨｬｨｺｨｬ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ0205 ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ0609, ｨ ｨ 00ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬｨ 0909ｨ ｨ ｨｮ0301ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 09ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｪｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 0702ｨｰ05ｨｨ 00ｨｨ070706ｨｺｨ ｨｬ07ｨ (0805ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｺ06, ｨ - ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 2012) ｨｨ07 ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ0401 ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 07ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｦ080607ｨｨ0507 ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｰ0907, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｰ 0902 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ0609 ｨｪ0206ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨｰ 0902 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0102ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0102ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ0609 ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｬｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ0506ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪｨｮ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ 200 ｪ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨｨ070706ｨｺｨ 0707ｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 1 ｨｬｨｺｨｬ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0902 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪ0609 ( ｨｪ01ｨｨｨｺｨｮ050708ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 07ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 0102ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｬ). 01ｨ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬｨｺｨｬ 01ｨｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 06ｨｺ ｨｬｨｺｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0904ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ0205ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 09 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ0609ｨｨ05ｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ 07ｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ06, ｨｰ ﾂｨｰ06ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰ0609 ｨｪ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0204 ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｨ. 00 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ06 09ｨｺｨ ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ01 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰｨｺｨｨ. 00 ｨｺｨ ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ0209ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｦ0806ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0506ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 05 ｨｪ02 ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨ 0506ｨｺ0609 ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ06 ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0502ｨｪｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨｦｨｪ , 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｰ0208ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｨｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0202 ｨｪｨ 0902ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 (0805ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｺ06, ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 2012) ｨｬ04 ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ Cryo- Trim ｨｰ0609ｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ0106ｨｺ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｹ06 15/301 7

6 ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ Leica EM KMR ,08 2 ｪ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ; 0601ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 09ｨｺ060506ｨｰ04ｨｦ 0708ｨ 0904ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ( ﾂ0208ｨｺｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰｨ 01ｨｨｨｨ 08 2 ) ｪ ｨｮ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ. 02ｨ 0604ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨ /250 ｨｬｨｺｨｬ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ 2 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ0507ｨｬｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ LKB 7801 ( ｨｨ07) ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ0607ｨｴ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ02 ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨｮ. 0308ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00 ｨｬ 02 ｨｦ ｨｺ ｨ 01 ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ08ｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｬ Reichert-Jung ｨｨｨｨ (Reichert-Jung, ｨｰ08ｨｨ07), Leica EM KMR2 (080909ｨｰ08ｨｨ07) ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 Leica EM KMR3 (Leica Microsystems, ) ｨｨ GKM-2 (RMC, Boeckeler Instruments, Inc., ) ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨ (balanced break) ｨｺｨｮ0709ｨｮ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609 d ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ. ｨ ｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ01ｨ 08ｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｮ0806ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ LKB ｨｨ05ｨｹ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ d 06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0802ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｮ (09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ) ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ( ﾂ0208ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｨ01ｨｨ), ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ d,06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0802ｨ ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ, 0708ｨｨ000601ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ; 09 ｪ ｨｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ ; ｨ ｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ 09ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ 09 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ (3 ｨｬｨｨｨｪ) ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ Reichert-Jung ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ c ｨｪ02 06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｮ0005ｨ ｨｪｨ 0802ｨ 0802 (09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ) ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ( ﾂ0208ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｨ01ｨｨ), ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ c ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ; ｨｪ ｪ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｪｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ0406ｨ 08ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0802ｨ 0208 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609. ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｨ06ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｨｨｨ (Tokuyasu, Okamura, 1959; Griffiths et al., 1983) ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪｨ 06ｨｰ 09 08ｨ ｨｬｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 00ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ04, ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609 (08ｨｨ09. 7). 0002ｨｰ ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｴ02 ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ0609 ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ04 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺ02, ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｬ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 7, ｨｮ , 08 2 ). 0201ｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 06ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｹ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨ 07 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ000601ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 7, ｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ000506ｨｦ 0909ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｮ (08 2 )). 00ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｪ0603, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ 09ｨｺ060506ｨｰ04ｨｦ 0708ｨ 0904ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ020708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ ｨ 0204 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨ, ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨ0506, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0602 ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 LKB ｨｨｨｨ 7800, ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 2 ｨｪ0603ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 0609ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 7, ｨｮ ,09 3 ). 0308ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ ｨｪ0603 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰｨｹ 0609ｨｰ0804ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ (08ｨｨ09. 7, ｨｺ08ｨｮ0005ｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ 09ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ (09 3 )), ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｹ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｦ, 06ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｨ09 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｮ ｨ 09ｨ ｨｪ02 ｨｨｨｬ0205ｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ , ｨｪ06 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 0109ｨｮ ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｬ ｪ Reichert-Jung ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ Leica EM KMR ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ GKM-2 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｺｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ ｨ (06ｨｪ 08ｨ ｨｪ 09ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｮ), ｨｪ ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 KMR2, KMR3 ｨｨ GKM-2 ｨｨ0102ｨｪｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪｨ. 0004ｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｮｨｴ ｨｮ 06 ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｮ. 0308ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪ-

7 130002ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 513 ｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ d. 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0502ｨｬ 04ｨ 01ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ ｨｮ000605ｨｺｨ (08ｨｨ09. 3, 7, 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨ 01). ﾁ02ｨｬ 05ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 05ｨｨ0302 ｨｺ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ (08ｨｨ09. 8, ｨ ), ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ0902ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ (0904ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0608ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0506ｨｬｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 03ｨｰ040802ｨｦ), ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｴｨ 07 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ, 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09, ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨ 07 ｨｺ08ｨｨ09ｨｨ04ｨｪｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ02 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ05ｨ 09 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ (Hagler, 2007). 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 01ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02ｨｺ05ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09 01ｨ 0502ｨｺ06 ｨｪ ｨ 06ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ (08ｨｨ09. 8, ｨ ) ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 09 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ 0609ｨｰ ｨｮ000605ｨｺｨ, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨｮ 0606ｨｺｨｮ0709ｨｮ (Tokuyasu, Okamura, 1959; Griffiths et al., 1983) (08ｨｨ09. 7), 01ｨ 0502ｨｺｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ0603ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ0507 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 ｨｪ ｨｺ060502ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ0806ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 d. 05ｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｺｨｨ 07ｨ 08ｨ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ 07ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ01ｨｺｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｮｨｬ07 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 LKB 7800 (06ｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ0601ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬ , 03ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｪ06), LKB 7801 (06ｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ ｨ ｨｨ0600ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｺ0502ｨｰｨｺｨｨ , 03ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｪ06), Reichert-Jung ｨｨｨｨ (00ｨｨ05ｨｨｨ 05 06ｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 01ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｨ , 03ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｪ06), Leica EM KMR2 ( ｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ06-ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰｨ 0708ｨｨｨｺ05ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 00ｨｮｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ04 01ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ0201ｨｨ02ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺｨ 0102ｨｬｨｨｨｨ) ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ 01 ｨｪ ｨｺ060502ｨｪｨｨ07, Leica EM KMR3 ｨｨ RMC GKM-2 ｨ 0204 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｰ080602ｨｺ. 0209ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ, 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨ 06ｨｬ, ｨｰ ｨｰ0609ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ ｨｬｨｨ0106ｨｺ ｨｬ0700ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ, 04ｨ 05ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ0209ｨｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨ01ｨｪ ｨｬ0605, 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ 05ｨｬｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｰ, 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0608ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 0108ｨ ｨｰｨ 0708ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｬ02 ｨｪｨ 0109ｨ ｨｪ0603ｨ ｨｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ 09 ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 0506ｨ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0703ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0102ｨｪｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ0208ｨ ｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ0006ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｰ02ｨｺ0507ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪ060302ｨｦ 0908ｨｮ ﾂｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨ ｨ 08ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ ｨｦ ( ｨｨ , 01ｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ) 04ｨ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｮ 09 ｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ02ｨｰ0601ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ00ｨｬ02ｨｦｨｺ Leica EM KMR ｨｨ0906ｨｺ 05ｨｨｨｰ0208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｺ , ｨ ﾂ020909ｨｺｨｨｨｦ B. 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