cospeciation.pdf
|
|
|
- やすはる なかじゅく
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 oevolution Ehrlich & Raven (94) utterflies and plants: a study in coevolution oevolution Fahrenholz s Rule (9) phylogeny mirrors host phylogeny ospeciation Epichloë uchnera
2 Pocket gopher hewing lice Organism Gene rea Organism Hafner & Nadler (988) ospeciation odovergence ophylogeny ladogram rooks parsimony method (rooks, 98) Reconciliation method (Page, 994) Event-based parsimony (Ronquist, 995) Jungles (harleston, 998) Phylogram ParaFit (Legendre et al., ) ayesian method (Huelsenbeck et al., ) SH-test, U-test, likelihood-ratio test H : (Reconciliation, Event-based parsimony, Jungles, ParaFit) H : (SH-test, U-test, likelihood-ratio test)
3 rooks parsimony analysis (rooks, 98) ２つの系統群の間でどれほど共種分化が起こっているのか I II III IV I II III IV 4 E V V ２つの系統樹を重ね合わせる I II III IV 形質 I II III IV V ) 寄生者についての形質マトリクス 形質 E ) 寄主についての形質マトリクス 寄生者 ) 寄生者の系統樹の各枝に番号をふる 寄主 E E ) )のデータを寄主の系統樹上で最節約配置する 共種分化解析で想定される４つの進化的イベント 時 間 I II III IV 共種分化 cospeciation 重複 duplication ソーティング sorting 寄主転換 host switch 同一寄主上での 種分化 系統樹の不一致は必ずしも寄主転換によるものではない 絶滅 extinction 完全な寄主転換 complete switch
4 Reconciliation method Page, 994 cospeciation duplication sorting host switch uplication, Sorting Horizontal associate odivergence uplication Sorting transfer Organism gene oalescence Gene duplication, Gene loss, Gene transfer polymorphism lineage sorting parasite ospeciation Within-host Sorting, parasite switch speciation extinction Organism area Vicariance Sympatry Extinction ispersal switch Randomization Reconciliation method ), randomize ) randomize uplication, Sorting switch switch 4
5 Event-based parsimony (Ronquist, 995) phylogeny phylogeny a b c a b c phylogeny a b b c Event-based parsimony a b c ospeciation uplication Sorting c u s > d e - phylogeny c < ic < u + s Switch i > h h h h 5 h 4 a b c d e Sorting ) db,c) cost: ) ea,d) cost: ) eb or c ) or ) cost: a b c e d phylogeny a b b c a b c d e Sorting ) db,c) cost: ) ea,d) cost: ) eb or c ) or ) cost: a b b c switch a b c e d phylogeny a b c e f d phylogeny f a b c d e f ost matrix down-pass phylogeny final pass phylogeny Time 5
6 Event-based parsimony Jungles (harleston, 998) switch Jungles algorithm ladogram Hafner & Nadler (998) Sub-jungles omplete jungle (One-host-per-parasite assumption)
7 Phylogram ( ParaFit (Legendre et al., ) ParaFit (Legendre et al., ) Patristic distance Patristic distance d d d d 4 d n d d d Principal coordinate analysis imension phylogeny imension phylogeny n pairwise n- n taxa p p p p p imension imension n- dimensions 7
8 ( s s Matrix parasite (- data) s Princ. coordinates Matrix Matrix parasite (- data) Matrix ( h j ) ( p i p i p i ) = h j ( h j h j p i h j p i h j p i Matrix patristic distances Matrix H P associations Matrix patristic distances Matrix / Princ. coordinates s Matrix tree Princ. coordinates = tree Princ. coordinates Matrix Fourth-corner parameters Matrix = Matrix Fourth-corner parameters ParaFitGlobal = = trace( ) Matrix randomize ParaFitGlobal statistic ParaFit Fit ParaFit H P link trace Matrix k: trace(k) = ParaFitLink(k) = trace trace(k) ParaFitLink(k) = (trace trace(k)) / (TraceMax trace) link 8
9 ayesian method (Huelsenbeck et al., ) e = (ξ, z, γ, δ) ξ = z = γ = δ = (Hafner et al., 994) λ ξ = 9. λ =.5 ayesian method H : (SH-test, U-test, etc.) (Parametric bootstrapping, likelihood-ratio test) 9
10 (Percy et al., 4) (Rønsted et al., 5) Hafner et al. (994) OI..8 harleston M (998) Jungles: a new solution to the host/parasite phylogeny reconciliation problem. Math. iosci. 49: 9. Hafner MS, Nadler S (988) Phylogenetic trees support the coevolution of parasites and their hosts. Nature : Hafner MS, Sudman P, Villablanca FX, Spradling T, emastes JW, Nadler S (994) isparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites. Science 5: Huelsenbeck JP, Rannala, Yang Z (997) Statistical tests of host parasite cospeciation. Evolution 5: Huelsenbeck JP, Rannala, Larget () ayesian framework for the analysis of cospeciation. Evolution 54: Legendre P, esdevises Y, azin E () statistical test for host parasite coevolution. Syst. iol. 5: 7 4. Meier-Kolthoff JP, uch F, Huson H, Gker M (7) opyat: cophylogenetic analysis tool. ioinformatics : Page RM (994) Parallel phylogenies: reconstructing the history of host parasite assemblages. ladistics : Page RM (ed.) () Tangled Trees. hicago University Press. Page RM, harleston M (998) Trees within trees: phylogeny and historical associations. Trends Ecol. Evol. : Ronquist F (995) Reconstructing the history of host parasite associations using generalized parsimony. ladistics : 7 89.
44 4 I (1) ( ) (10 15 ) ( 17 ) ( 3 1 ) (2)
(1) I 44 II 45 III 47 IV 52 44 4 I (1) ( ) 1945 8 9 (10 15 ) ( 17 ) ( 3 1 ) (2) 45 II 1 (3) 511 ( 451 1 ) ( ) 365 1 2 512 1 2 365 1 2 363 2 ( ) 3 ( ) ( 451 2 ( 314 1 ) ( 339 1 4 ) 337 2 3 ) 363 (4) 46
i ii i iii iv 1 3 3 10 14 17 17 18 22 23 28 29 31 36 37 39 40 43 48 59 70 75 75 77 90 95 102 107 109 110 118 125 128 130 132 134 48 43 43 51 52 61 61 64 62 124 70 58 3 10 17 29 78 82 85 102 95 109 iii
i
14 i ii iii iv v vi 14 13 86 13 12 28 14 16 14 15 31 (1) 13 12 28 20 (2) (3) 2 (4) (5) 14 14 50 48 3 11 11 22 14 15 10 14 20 21 20 (1) 14 (2) 14 4 (3) (4) (5) 12 12 (6) 14 15 5 6 7 8 9 10 7
第１部 一般的コメント
(( 2000 11 24 2003 12 31 3122 94 2332 508 26 a () () i ii iii iv (i) (ii) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (a) (b)(c)(d) a) / (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) 1996 7 1996 12
表1票4.qx4
iii iv v 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 10 11 24 25 26 27 10 56 28 11 29 30 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2010 2111 22 23 2412 2513 14 31 17 32 18 33 19 34 20 35 21 36 24 37 25 38 2614
第１章 国民年金における無年金
1 2 3 4 ILO ILO 5 i ii 6 7 8 9 10 ( ) 3 2 ( ) 3 2 2 2 11 20 60 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 14 15 8 16 2003 1 17 18 iii 19 iv 20 21 22 23 24 25 ,,, 26 27 28 29 30 (1) (2) (3) 31 1 20
I? 3 1 3 1.1?................................. 3 1.2?............................... 3 1.3!................................... 3 2 4 2.1........................................ 4 2.2.......................................
20 15 14.6 15.3 14.9 15.7 16.0 15.7 13.4 14.5 13.7 14.2 10 10 13 16 19 22 1 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2,500 59,862 56,384 2,000 42,662 44,211 40,639 37,323 1,500 33,408 34,472
- 2 -
- 2 - - 3 - (1) (2) (3) (1) - 4 - ~ - 5 - (2) - 6 - (1) (1) - 7 - - 8 - (i) (ii) (iii) (ii) (iii) (ii) 10 - 9 - (3) - 10 - (3) - 11 - - 12 - (1) - 13 - - 14 - (2) - 15 - - 16 - (3) - 17 - - 18 - (4) -
2 1980 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 0 0 6 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 2 5 5 2 4 4 4 0 3 3 0 9 10 10 9 1 1
1 1979 6 24 3 4 4 4 4 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 6 0 0 6 2 4 4 4 3 0 0 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 3? 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4 4 2 1 1 2 15 4 4 15 0 1 2 1980 8 4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 6 0 0 6 4 2 4 1 2 2 1 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 4 3 4 4
1 (1) (2)
1 2 (1) (2) (3) 3-78 - 1 (1) (2) - 79 - i) ii) iii) (3) (4) (5) (6) - 80 - (7) (8) (9) (10) 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) i) - 81 - ii) (a) (b) 3 (1) (2) - 82 - - 83 - - 84 - - 85 - - 86 - (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
untitled
1 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 4 0,76 4 5 0,1 1970 1974 1993 6 7 8 9 4 1920 10 1960 1971 ( ) IC 11 1980 1990 1992 1987 0,269 1996 0,023 2001 2002 1996 1996 1 98 27 70 1 3 7 12 2003 63 2 13 3 5 1 13 5 14 2 14 2 14
provider_020524_2.PDF
1 1 1 2 2 3 (1) 3 (2) 4 (3) 6 7 7 (1) 8 (2) 21 26 27 27 27 28 31 32 32 36 1 1 2 2 (1) 3 3 4 45 (2) 6 7 5 (3) 6 7 8 (1) ii iii iv 8 * 9 10 11 9 12 10 13 14 15 11 16 17 12 13 18 19 20 (2) 14 21 22 23 24
「産業上利用することができる発明」の審査の運用指針（案）
1 1.... 2 1.1... 2 2.... 4 2.1... 4 3.... 6 4.... 6 1 1 29 1 29 1 1 1. 2 1 1.1 (1) (2) (3) 1 (4) 2 4 1 2 2 3 4 31 12 5 7 2.2 (5) ( a ) ( b ) 1 3 2 ( c ) (6) 2. 2.1 2.1 (1) 4 ( i ) ( ii ) ( iii ) ( iv)
i ii iii iv v vi vii ( ー ー ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ー ( ) ( ) ー ー ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 13 202 24122783 3622316 (1) (2) (3) (4) 2483 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) 11 11 2483 13
178 5 I 1 ( ) ( ) 10 3 13 3 1 8891 8 3023 6317 ( 10 1914 7152 ) 16 5 1 ( ) 6 13 3 13 3 8575 3896 8 1715 779 6 (1) 2 7 4 ( 2 ) 13 11 26 12 21 14 11 21
I 178 II 180 III ( ) 181 IV 183 V 185 VI 186 178 5 I 1 ( ) ( ) 10 3 13 3 1 8891 8 3023 6317 ( 10 1914 7152 ) 16 5 1 ( ) 6 13 3 13 3 8575 3896 8 1715 779 6 (1) 2 7 4 ( 2 ) 13 11 26 12 21 14 11 21 4 10 (
ii
HPSI Hosei University Policy Science Institute i ii iii iv Cool Japan) - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - CSBS - 9 - - 10-21 - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 -
数学の基礎訓練I
I 9 6 13 1 1 1.1............... 1 1................ 1 1.3.................... 1.4............... 1.4.1.............. 1.4................. 3 1.4.3........... 3 1.4.4.. 3 1.5.......... 3 1.5.1..............
(a) (b) (c) Canny (d) 1 ( x α, y α ) 3 (x α, y α ) (a) A 2 + B 2 + C 2 + D 2 + E 2 + F 2 = 1 (3) u ξ α u (A, B, C, D, E, F ) (4) ξ α (x 2 α, 2x α y α,
[II] Optimization Computation for 3-D Understanding of Images [II]: Ellipse Fitting 1. (1) 2. (2) (edge detection) (edge) (zero-crossing) Canny (Canny operator) (3) 1(a) [I] [II] [III] [IV ] E-mail sugaya@iim.ics.tut.ac.jp
2003 12 11 1 http://www.sml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/members/nabe/lecture2003 http://www.sml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp/members/nabe/lecture2002 nabe@sml.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp 2 1. 10/ 9 2. 10/16 3. 10/23 ( ) 4. 10/30 5. 11/ 6
Taro11-接遇のしおり（一太郎版）
- - - - - - - - PR - - - - PR - - W H - - - - - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - - l - - II - - - - - - - - - - - - IV - - : C : B C D - - : B C D : A B C D E F E F - - - - - -
untitled
i ii iii iv v 43 43 vi 43 vii T+1 T+2 1 viii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 a) ( ) b) ( ) 51
AccessflÌfl—−ÇŠš1
ACCESS ACCESS i ii ACCESS iii iv ACCESS v vi ACCESS CONTENTS ACCESS CONTENTS ACCESS 1 ACCESS 1 2 ACCESS 3 1 4 ACCESS 5 1 6 ACCESS 7 1 8 9 ACCESS 10 1 ACCESS 11 1 12 ACCESS 13 1 14 ACCESS 15 1 v 16 ACCESS
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I II III 11 IV 12 V 13 VI VII 14 VIII. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 _ 33 _ 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 VII 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59
262014 3 1 1 6 3 2 198810 2/ 198810 2 1 3 4 http://www.pref.hiroshima.lg.jp/site/monjokan/ 1... 1... 1... 2... 2... 4... 5... 9... 9... 10... 10... 10... 10... 13 2... 13 3... 15... 15... 15... 16 4...
,.,. NP,., ,.,,.,.,,, (PCA)...,,. Tipping and Bishop (1999) PCA. (PPCA)., (Ilin and Raiko, 2010). PPCA EM., , tatsukaw
,.,. NP,.,. 1 1.1.,.,,.,.,,,. 2. 1.1.1 (PCA)...,,. Tipping and Bishop (1999) PCA. (PPCA)., (Ilin and Raiko, 2010). PPCA EM., 152-8552 2-12-1, tatsukawa.m.aa@m.titech.ac.jp, 190-8562 10-3, mirai@ism.ac.jp
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 () - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57
I
I 6 4 10 1 1 1.1............... 1 1................ 1 1.3.................... 1.4............... 1.4.1.............. 1.4................. 1.4.3........... 3 1.4.4.. 3 1.5.......... 3 1.5.1..............
A Feasibility Study of Direct-Mapping-Type Parallel Processing Method to Solve Linear Equations in Load Flow Calculations Hiroaki Inayoshi, Non-member
A Feasibility Study of Direct-Mapping-Type Parallel Processing Method to Solve Linear Equations in Load Flow Calculations Hiroaki Inayoshi, Non-member (University of Tsukuba), Yasuharu Ohsawa, Member (Kobe
1 c Koichi Suga, ISBN
c Koichi Suga, 4 4 6 5 ISBN 978-4-64-6445- 4 ( ) x(t) t u(t) t {u(t)} {x(t)} () T, (), (3), (4) max J = {u(t)} V (x, u)dt ẋ = f(x, u) x() = x x(t ) = x T (), x, u, t ẋ x t u u ẋ = f(x, u) x(t ) = x T x(t
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2...2...3...4...4...4...5...6...7...8...
取 扱 説 明 書 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2...2...3...4...4...4...5...6...7...8...9...11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ito.dvi
1 2 1006 214 542 160 120 160 1 1916 49 1710 55 1716 1 2 1995 1 2 3 4 2 3 1950 1973 1969 1989 1 4 3 3.1 3.1.1 1989 2 3.1.2 214 542 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
86 7 I ( 13 ) II ( )
10 I 86 II 86 III 89 IV 92 V 2001 93 VI 95 86 7 I 2001 6 12 10 2001 ( 13 ) 10 66 2000 2001 4 100 1 3000 II 1988 1990 1991 ( ) 500 1994 2 87 1 1994 2 1000 1000 1000 2 1994 12 21 1000 700 5 800 ( 97 ) 1000
入門ガイド
ii iii iv NEC Corporation 1998 v P A R 1 P A R 2 P A R 3 T T T vi P A R T 4 P A R T 5 P A R T 6 P A R T 7 vii 1P A R T 1 2 2 1 3 1 4 1 1 5 2 3 6 4 1 7 1 2 3 8 1 1 2 3 9 1 2 10 1 1 2 11 3 12 1 2 1 3 4 13
Microsoft Word - .....J.^...O.|Word.i10...j.doc
P 1. 2. R H C H, etc. R' n R' R C R'' R R H R R' R C C R R C R' R C R' R C C R 1-1 1-2 3. 1-3 1-4 4. 5. 1-5 5. 1-6 6. 10 1-7 7. 1-8 8. 2-1 2-2 2-3 9. 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 10. 2-8 10. 2-9 10. 2-10 10. 11. C
橡災害.PDF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2.1 2.2 2.2.1 13 2.2.2 2.2.3 14 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 all or nothing 2.4. 2.4.1 15 i) ii) iii) iv) 2.5 2.4.2 2.2 2.5 2.5.1 16 2.5.2 2.6 2.6.1 2.4 2.6.2 2.6.3 2.6.4 17 18 3.2.1 Hazard
SC-85X2取説
I II III IV V VI .................. VII VIII IX X 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 ( ) 1-5 1-6 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 8 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 ) ) - - 3-8 3-9 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-6 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-11
No ii
2005 6 1 2 200004 103/7-2000041037-1 3 4 5 JIS JIS X 0208, 1997 o È o http://www.pref.hiroshima.jp/soumu/bunsyo/monjokan/index.htm 200004 3 6 188030489521435 6119865 1220007 2 1659361903 3118983 16 381963
中電配電サポート株式会社 80年史
1 19 8 80 2 80 19 8 2 History 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1934 1935 1936 3 4 memoirs History 1937 1938 1939 1941 5 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 6 History 1948 1949 1950 1951 7 1952 1953 1954 1955 1957
<4D6963726F736F667420506F776572506F696E74202D208376838C835B83938365815B835683878393312E707074205B8CDD8AB78382815B83685D>
i i vi ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
陳 力衛 ２４７‐２７１／２４７‐２７１
A B C A B C A A B unit A B BC A B B C B (1854-1921) Evolution and ethics, 1894 (1895) (1948) An inquiry into the (1901) nature and causes of the wealth of nations, 1776 (1888) The Study of Sociology, 1873
14 Pocket Page Weekly 03 June 2016 No. 542 B
Pocket Page Weekly 03 June 2016 No. 542 B 13 14 Pocket Page Weekly 03 June 2016 No. 542 B Pocket Page Weekly 03 June 2016 No. 542 B 15 B 16 Pocket Page Weekly 03 June 2016 No. 542 Pocket Page Weekly 03
iii iv v vi 21 A B A B C C 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 19 22 30 39 43 48 54 60 65 74 77 84 87 89 95 101 12 20 23 31 40 44 49 55 61 66 75 78 85 88 90 96 102 13 21 24 32 41 45 50 56 62 67 76 79
untitled
23 12 10 12:55 ~ 18:45 KKR Tel0557-85-2000 FAX0557-85-6604 12:55~13:00 13:00~13:38 I 1) 13:00~13:12 2) 13:13~13:25 3) 13:26~13:38 13:39~14:17 II 4) 13:39~13:51 5) 13:52 ~ 14:04 6) 14:05 ~ 14:17 14:18 ~
1 Edward Waring Lagrange n {(x i, y i )} n i=1 x i p i p i (x j ) = δ ij P (x) = p i p i (x) = n y i p i (x) (1) i=1 n j=1 j i x x j x i x j (2) Runge
Edwrd Wring Lgrnge n {(x i, y i )} n x i p i p i (x j ) = δ ij P (x) = p i p i (x) = n y i p i (x) () n j= x x j x i x j (2) Runge [] [2] = ξ 0 < ξ < ξ n = b [, b] [ξ i, ξ i ] y = /( + 25x 2 ) 5 2,, 0,,
１
10 1113 14 1516 1719 20 21 22 2324 25 2627 i 2829 30 31 32 33 3437 38 3941 42 4344 4547 48 4950 5152 53 5455 ii 56 5758 59 6061 iii 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PFI 30 20 10 PFI 11 12 13 14 15 10 11 16 (1) 17
ビットリアカップ2007けいはんなサイクルレースリザルト
Page 4/30 Page 5/30 Page 6/30 Page 7/30 Page 8/30 Page 9/30 Page 10/30 Page 11/30 Page 12/30 Page 13/30 Page 14/30 Page 15/30 Page 16/30 Page 17/30 Page 18/30 Page 19/30 Page 20/30 Page 21/30 Page 22/30
Page 1
Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 620 628 579-41 -6.7-49 -7.9 71 41 47-24 -33.3 6 15.9 11.5 6.5 8.1 36 15 22-14 -38.9 7 43.4 Page 5 277 302 23 24 12/3Q 12/4Q 13/1Q 13/2Q 13/3Q 13/4Q 14/1Q 14/2Q 14/3Q 14/4Q 15/1Q
A: B: C: D: E: a: b: 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Figure 1. Land-use around the Songkhla Lakes A: Rice field B: Urban area C: Fish/Shrimp ponds D: I
I (Kates et al., 1990) Rigg (1995) (1997) (Srivardhana, 1993) Hirai et al.(1999) 1,182 km 2 Somboon and Paphavasit (1993), (1997), (1995, 1999, 2000) 4 10 km 3 81 14 2001 1 A: B: C: D: E: a: b: 1: 2: 3:
o 2o 3o 3 1. I o 3. 1o 2o 31. I 3o PDF Adobe Reader 4o 2 1o I 2o 3o 4o 5o 6o 7o 2197/ o 1o 1 1o
78 2 78... 2 22201011... 4... 9... 7... 29 1 1214 2 7 1 8 2 2 3 1 2 1o 2o 3o 3 1. I 1124 4o 3. 1o 2o 31. I 3o PDF Adobe Reader 4o 2 1o 72 1. I 2o 3o 4o 5o 6o 7o 2197/6 9. 9 8o 1o 1 1o 2o / 3o 4o 5o 6o
50. (km) A B C C 7 B A 0
49... 5 A B C. (. )?.. A A B C. A 4 0 50. (km) A B C..9 7. 4.5.9. 5. 7.5.0 4..4 7. 5.5 5.0 4. 4.. 8. 7 8.8 9.8. 8 5. 5.7.7 9.4 4. 4.7 0 4. 7. 8.0 4.. 5.8.4.8 8.5. 8 9 5 C 7 B 5 8 7 4 4 A 0 0 0 4 5 7 8
印刷用一括
I.... - 2 -...- 2 -...- 2 -...- 2 -...- 3 -...- 4 -...- 6 - II.... - 7 - III.... - 9 -...- 9 -...- 15 -...- 20 -...- 22 -...- 28 - IV.... - 33 -...- 33 -...- 33 -...- 70 -...- 85 -...- 106 - V.... - 122
取引法の観点からみた資金決済に関する諸問題
1 / /2010.1 105 1. 1 1 1 2008 5 2 2008 10 3 1 4 2007 8 1 2008 32 2 2008 5 12 2009 1 2009 2009 3 6 2008 12 2008 3 1842 32 4 2006 10 2009 4 2009 http://www.shojihomu.or.jp/saikenhou/indexja.html 2005 11
s t 1, 2,..., 10 s t a, b,..., k t s 1, 2,..., 10 1 a, b,..., k 1 s t ts 1 0 ( 2.25) ½ ¾ ½¼ x 1j = 1 x 2c = 1 x 3e = 1
72 2 2 2 2.24 2 s t, 2,..., 0 s t a, b,..., k t s, 2,..., 0 a, b,..., k s t 0 ts 0 ( 2.25) 2.24 2 ½ ¾ ½¼ x j = x 2c = x 3e = x 4s = x 5g = x 6i = x 7d = x 8h = x 9f = x 0k = x ta = x tb = x ts = 9 2.26
1 4 4 [3] SNS 5 SNS , ,000 [2] c 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan
![1 4 4 [3] SNS 5 SNS , ,000 [2] c 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan](/thumbs/93/112672153.jpg "1 4 4 [3] SNS 5 SNS , ,000 [2] c 2013 Information Processing Society of Japan")
SNS 1,a) 2 3 3 2012 3 30, 2012 10 10 SNS SNS Development of Firefighting Knowledge Succession Support SNS in Tokyo Fire Department Koutarou Ohno 1,a) Yuki Ogawa 2 Hirohiko Suwa 3 Toshizumi Ohta 3 Received:
WATOC2005 Best Poster Diamond Certificate α -(BEDT-TTF) 2 IBr 2 H.turkmenica X H C H O Brønsted Al K Electronic structure of CeNiGe 2 x Si x studied by Ce 4d-4f resonant and angleresolved photoemission
4 13 6 7 6 13 9 19
13 9 4 13 6 7 6 13 9 19 139 173 i 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 2 5 1 3 6 4 7 5 8 6 9 6 Q&A Q1 QA 9 Q2 9 Q3 10 Q4 11 Q5 11 Q6 11 Q7 12 Q8 12 ii Q9 12 Q101 13 Q102 13 Q11 17 Q12 18 Q13 18 Q14 19 Q15 19 Q16 20 Q17 20 Q18
Mantel-Haenszelの方法
Mantel-Haenszel 2008 6 12 ) 2008 6 12 1 / 39 Mantel & Haenzel 1959) Mantel N, Haenszel W. Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 1959; 224):
5 Armitage x 1,, x n y i = 10x i + 3 y i = log x i {x i } {y i } 1.2 n i i x ij i j y ij, z ij i j 2 1 y = a x + b ( cm) x ij (i j )
5 Armitage. x,, x n y i = 0x i + 3 y i = log x i x i y i.2 n i i x ij i j y ij, z ij i j 2 y = a x + b 2 2. ( cm) x ij (i j ) (i) x, x 2 σ 2 x,, σ 2 x,2 σ x,, σ x,2 t t x * (ii) (i) m y ij = x ij /00 y
FX ) 2
(FX) 1 1 2009 12 12 13 2009 1 FX ) 2 1 (FX) 2 1 2 1 2 3 2010 8 FX 1998 1 FX FX 4 1 1 (FX) () () 1998 4 1 100 120 1 100 120 120 100 20 FX 100 100 100 1 100 100 100 1 100 1 100 100 1 100 101 101 100 100
7... 1... 34... 55... 86... 108 15 2003 1 2 3 1 7 pdf 2 8 1996 2-1 9010 5 247 362 4 7 5 4 11 7 22 4 29 45 5 59 6 61 4 63 10 2 820 3 1646 19 1944 1 2 4 11 3 11 22 4 1 340 2 20 3 13 4 450 1 2 3 4 2-2 29
main.dvi
SGC - 70 2, 3 23 ɛ-δ 2.12.8 3 2.92.13 4 2 3 1 2.1 2.102.12 [8][14] [1],[2] [4][7] 2 [4] 1 2009 8 1 1 1.1... 1 1.2... 4 1.3 1... 8 1.4 2... 9 1.5... 12 1.6 1... 16 1.7... 18 1.8... 21 1.9... 23 2 27 2.1
Microsoft Word - News 18 本文.doc
Argonauta 18: 17 30 (2010) 2007 1971 Cohen et al. 2003 A, B, C X, Y, Z 17 error error 1 0 1 1 X Y 1981 i) ii) 0 18 iii) iv) Yi = 0 + 1 X1i + 2 X2i + + p Xpi + i Xp pxpi + i i i Xp i Xp i 2 X Y 0 Xi Xi
KuniJiban 1000 GIS i
GIS Study on Geological Structure in the Hokusei area of Mie prefecture using 3D-GIS analysis 509M234 ( ) KuniJiban 1000 GIS i 1 1 1.1................................. 1 1.2...................................
これわかWord2010_第1部_100710.indd
i 1 1 2 3 6 6 7 8 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 2 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 20 21 ii CONTENTS 25 26 26 28 28 29 30 30 31 32 35 35 35 36 37 40 42 44 44 45 46 49 50 50 51 iii 52 52 52 53 55 56 56 57 58 58 60 60 iv
パワポカバー入稿用.indd
i 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 19 ii CONTENTS 2 21 21 22 25 26 32 37 38 39 39 41 41 43 43 43 44 45 46 47 47 49 52 54 56 56 iii 57 59 62 64 64 66 67 68 71 72 72 73 74 74 77 79 81 84