трусенкова.p65

Transcription

1 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ (265.54) ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ * 06ｨｨ010606ｨｺ02ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 06ｨｺ02ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｮｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨ , , ｨ 01ｨｨ090609ｨｰ06ｨｺ, ｨｮ05. 09ｨ 05ｨｰｨｨｨｦ09ｨｺｨ 07, ﾁ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｹ06 00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ060807, 06ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ. 0002ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ 06ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｮ ｨｨ0701 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ, 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ 00ｨｨ0706ｨｰ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 04ｨ 01ｨ 09ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ060006, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902, ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ0208ｨｬ0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｮ ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 ｨｮ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｺ 09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｪｨｰｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02. 00ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ 0706ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ 06ｨ 08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02. 09ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ07 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｺｨ ｨｦ0106 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ0902ｨｦ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨ06 ｨｰ020705ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ 0308ｨｨｨｬ0608ｨｹ ﾂ ｨ : 00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｬ ｨｹ, 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ060807, 08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902, 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨｰ, 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ Trusenkova O.O. Modeling of regional circulation patterns in the Japan Sea under various forcing scenarios // Izv. TINRO. ｪ ｪ Vol ｪ P. 118ｨC133. Responses of the Japan Sea circulation to the wind and thermal forcings are studied using the ｮstate-of-the-art ｯ oceanic model. Statistically derived wind stress patterns are applied for numerical simulations, which are based on 1 -gridded NCEP winds. These patterns differ in prevalent wind directions and spatial distributions of stress curl in warm months. Their month-to-month succession and seasonal variation of wind stress curl are verified from satellite scatterometry data. Thermal forcing is imposed by the realistic (modern) and decreased volume transport in the Korea Strait, while the surface buoyancy forcing is the same in all cases. Five model runs were performed for different forcing scenarios: 1) under the ｮtypical ｯ monsoon wind conditions and realistic inflow in the Korea Strait when the circulation is conditioned by the observed seasonal wind shifts, prevailing cyclonic stress curl in winter and late summer, and anticyclonic curl in the monsoon transition periods, 2) under the same wind conditions and decreased inflow, 3) under the strong summer monsoon conditions characterized by the prevailing * 0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ 0205ｨｹ00ｨ ｨｪｨ, ｨｺｨ ｨｪ01ｨｨ01ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0201ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨｮｨｺ, ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨｨｺ, trolia@poi.dvo.ru. 118

2 13cyclonic curl throughout a year, and under the hypothetical ｮno-monsoon ｯ conditions of 4) westerlies throughout a year characterized by the prevailing cyclonic curl in winter and anticyclonic curl in summer and 5) northwesterlies and southwesterlies in cold and warm season, respectively, so that curl is mostly cyclonic over the western sea and mostly anticyclonic over the eastern sea. In the western Japan Sea forcing by anticyclonic wind stress curl and increased transport in the Korea Strait results in the intensified East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) and the northward shift of the Subarctic Front, while both cyclonic curl and decreased transport produce the opposite effect. Tuning of volume transport in the Korea Strait has no effect in the northeastern Japan Sea. In contrast, the Tsushima Current bifurcation off Hokkaido is strongly affected by wind stress curl: anticyclonic curl intensifies its northward branch which flows along the Hokkaido and Sakhalin coasts, while cyclonic curl intensifies the westward branch which carries heat towards the coast of Primorye. Key words: numerical model, Japan Sea circulation, volume transport in the Korea Strait, wind stress curl, East Korea Warm Current, Subarctic Front, Tsushima Current ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 04ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｬ0201ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬ0609 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨｨ04ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｺ ｨｬ060809ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ060809ｨｺｨｨ01 05ｨｺ0609ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｪ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ0809ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｺｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ 02ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｨｨｨ. 01ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｨｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ. 00 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ06ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｬ0208ｨｨ01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 0008ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ , ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨ ｨｲ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ060807, 06ｨ 0609ｨｰ080702ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨ (Kim, Yoon, 2010), ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ 08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 0502ｨｪ 09 06ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ 0802 (0209ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 0108., 2009). 06ｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 06ｨ 08ｨ 0406ｨｬ, 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ07 ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060904ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 06ｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ (Morimoto, Yanagi, 2001; Trusenkova et al., 2010) ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ06 00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2007; Trusenkova et al., 2009; Kim, Yoon, 2010). 00ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪ01ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ060806ｨｬ, ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ060809ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｺｨｬｨ ｨｪ060909ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ﾂｨｺｨｨ, 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ03ｨｪ02ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 09 ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｮ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ, 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｦ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ060802ｨｬ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨｮ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ06 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨ. 0906ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｮ 0706ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ0608ｨｹ07 ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｰ ｨｬ060809ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨ010802ｨｦ, ｨｮ050708ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 02ｨｬ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060904ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ (Danchenkov et al., 2006); ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 00ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ (Trusenkova et al., 2009; Yoon, Kim, 2009). 0002ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ06, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｪ0204ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ, ｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ. 04ｨ ｨｪ0202 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｨ 0108., 2007) ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ04 ｨｰｨｨ , 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ ｨｰｨｹ0907 (Trusenkova et al., 2009). 00ｨｬ0209ｨｰ02 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｬ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨｮ0301ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ 09 06ｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｪ0202 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2011) 07ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ 0907ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ04ｨｬ , ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｪ060907ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ0602 ｨｨ 0902ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ

3 ｨｹ06 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ0602 ｨｬ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ060807, 06ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 0902ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｮ0301ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ0701 ｨｬ ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪ 09 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｺ 0706ｨ ｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0608ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ0609 ｨｰ ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0204 (09 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｨｨｪ0607ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨ010802ｨｦ ｪ 01ｨｨｨｺｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2002), ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ (09 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 0902ｨｰ0907ｨｬｨｨ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｪ Danchenkov et al., 2006). 00ｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 0504 ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ (01ｨ 07ｨｨ0806, 1998). 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｬ ｨｹ, 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬｨｨｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ0401 (070605ｨｪ0401) ｨｮ08ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｨ, 09 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ0701 ｨｪ020903ｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 00ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｮ0909ｨｨｨｪ0209ｨｺｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0907 ｨｺ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｮ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ05ｨｨ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｺ09ｨ 04ｨｨ0601ｨｪ ｨｪ (000805) ｨｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨ , 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 09ｨｬ02ｨｴｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ. 0708ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ04 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ ｨ 01 ｨｺｨ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ 0709ｨｪ06 ｨｮ ﾂ0209ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ 0806ｨｰ080607ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｬ0601ｨｮ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ060102ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ 09ｨｮｨ 01ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ0906ｨｬ ｨｺｨｨｨｪ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 05ｨｪ020800ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｮ0502ｨｪｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 0002ｨｪ0208ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ0806ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ 0705ｨ 09ｨｮ ﾂ0209ｨｰｨｨ. 0306ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｨ 0705ｨ 09ｨｮ ﾂ0209ｨｰｨｨ (ｨｰ020705ｨ ｨｨ 0905ｨ 00ｨｨ) ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 05ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｦ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ070208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 02ｨｨｨｺ05ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ07, 09 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｺ060502ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｨｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ /8 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｨ. 0308ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨ 09 ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ060006, 05ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ 0809ｨｺ060006, 09ｨ ｨｮ04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪ07ｨｰ 09 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｨ00ｨ 02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ 08ｨｰ04, ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ 09 ｨｺ ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ06ｨｬ 0,75 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪ 9-ｨｰ06 ﾂ02 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｰ0806ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨ0506 ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ03ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 0008ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ 01 (08ｨｨ09. 1) ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ 0708ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨ00ｨ 08ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｮ08ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ ｨ 0902ｨｪ 2, ｨｬ 4 /c, ｨ 00ｨ 08ｨｬ06ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ｨｺ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｨ0905ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｪ02ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｨ; ｨｺ ｨｨ02ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 01ｨｨ0000ｨｮ04ｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨｮ08ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｰ020705ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ 2 /c. 06ｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｪ060006, ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06-09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ ｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨ 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 250, 350, 500, 700 ｨｨ 900 ｨｬ; 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0902 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ04 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｰｨｨｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｰ02ｨｬ070208ｨ ｨｰｨｮ0804 ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ 09 03ｨ 0006ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ 7,5 ｨｬｨｨｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ0609, ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ0609 ｨｰ020705ｨ ｨｨ 0905ｨ 00ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0802ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ0502ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｬ ﾂ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｰ ( = 10 6 ｨｬ 3 /09) ｨ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0409ｨ ｨｹ ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｬｨｮ0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ ﾂ ｨｹ09ｨｺ (08ｨｺｨｮｨｪｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2000). 05ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨ05 ﾂ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ (70 % 08ｨ ｨ ) ｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｮ04ｨ (30 % 08ｨ ｨ ) ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 05ｨｰ ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 06ｨ 09ｨｮ0301ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2007). 06ｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨｴ ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬ 09ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｪ06 09 ｨｪ02ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬ0601ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ

4 1304ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ060807, 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0702ｨｬ04ｨｦ 09 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01; ｨｨ0406ｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ04 ﾂ ｨｬ. 00ｨｨ ｪ ｨｨ0904: 1 ｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 2 ｪ 05ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 3 ｪ 09ｨ ｨｮ04ｨ, 4 ｪ 06ｨ ｨｰｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ, 4ｨ ｪ ｨｹ09ｨｺ060006; A ｪ ｨｪ09ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ, B ｪ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ, C ｪ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪｨ 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰ06, D ｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰ06, E ｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺｨ 02ｨｺｨｨ, F ｪ 06ｨ ｨｰｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨ. 05ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ060302ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨ ｨｺ02 ｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (0708ｨ , 0808ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ, 1991): ｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, ｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 0306 ｪ 0308ｨｨｨｬ060809ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 0006 ｪ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 200 ｪ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｹ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 Fig. 1. Bottom topography of the Japan Sea, with the contours every 500 m. 1 ｪ Korea Strait, 2 ｪ Tsugaru Strait, 3 ｪ Soya (La Perouse) Strait, 4 ｪ Tatar Strait and Nevelskoy Strait (4a), A ｪ Japan Basin, B ｪ Ulleung Basin, C ｪ Yamato Basin, D ｪ Yamato Rise, E ｪ Oki Spur, F ｪ Tatar Trough ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ060807, ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｬｨｪ060006ｨｬ0208ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ05ｨ 0909ｨｨ00ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ NCEP ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09 1 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ ｨｨ 0108., 2007). 08ｨ ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07. 00ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｬ060802ｨｬ ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060904ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ090601ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0902ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ06, ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ0402 (0505) 0902ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ, 0502ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｪ ｨｺ 0600ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｮ, ｨ ｨｪｨｹ06 ｪ 09ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2011) ｨｨ07 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1 (09ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨｮ) ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｬｨ 08ｨｰ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨｬ07 09ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ 09 ｨ ｨｨ 0902ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ 0802 ｪ 0406ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ (04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ) 0902ｨｰ0208, 09 ｨｬｨ 02 ｨｨ 09 ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 ｪ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ (0705) 0902ｨｰ0208, 09 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰ02 ｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ (070700) 0902ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ, 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 Types of wind stress field applied in numerical simulations 06ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 08ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ 0606ｨｪｨｹ ｨｹ ｨｪｨｰ. 02ｨｺｨｰ ｨ. 0202ｨｺ. 1ｨ, 1ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｬ02 ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｪ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ, 0503 ｪ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ0402, 0705 ｪ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ0402, ｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ 0505 ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ010807, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02, 0708ｨｨ050200ｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺ 0706ｨ ｨｹ (08ｨｨ09. 2, ｨ ｪ ｨｪ09ｨ 0807) ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｹ06 ｨｪｨ 01 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨ ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ 06ｨｰ 42ｨC ｪ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ (2, ｨ ｪ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ 0807) ｨｰｨｨ07ｨ 09 ｨ , ｨｬｨ 02 ｨｨ 09 ｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02ｨｬ 0902ｨｰ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｨ ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0609ｨｨ ｨｬ060807, 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｮ06 09ｨｰ060806ｨｪｨｮ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｨ (ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ) 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ, ｨ ｨ 09ｨｮ06 (ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｮ) ｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ

5 13ｨｺｨｨｨｦ (08ｨｨ09. 2, 01 ｪ ｨｬｨ 07). 00 ｨｨ06ｨｪ02, ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰ02 ｨｨ 0902ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ 0802 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ080609ｨ 07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮ07 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｬ060807, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨ02ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ 0603ｨｪ04ｨｦ, ｨ ｨ 04ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ (08ｨｨ09. 2, 02 ｪ ｨｨ06ｨｪ07) ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ0907 ｨｮｨｬ020802ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨ ｨｺ09ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ (08ｨｨ09. 2, 03 ｪ ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ). 08ｨ ｨｺ 0706ｨｺｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ, 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｬ060802ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2011). 04ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨｬ ｨ : ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨ 0807 (ｨ ) ｨｨ 06ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ 0807 (ｨ ), 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨ 0807 (09) ｨｨ 0902ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ 0807 (00), ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬｨ 07 (01) ｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪ07 (02), ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ (03). 00ｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ 0902ｨｺｨｰ0608 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 2 01ｨｨｨｪ/09ｨｬ ｨｪ09ｨ 0807 ｨｨ 1 01ｨｨｨｪ/09ｨｬ ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 ｨｬ ; ｨｨ040605ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09ｨｨ ｨｪ04 ﾂ ｨC8 01ｨｨｨｪ/09ｨｬ 3 ; ｨｪｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｨ040605ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 07ｨｮｨｪｨｺｨｰｨｨ0806ｨｬ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｪｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 09ｨｨ010806, 06ｨｰ08ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ; ｨｪ0605ｨｹ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ 03ｨｨ08ｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ Fig. 2. Wind stress and curl applied in the simulations for representative months: northwestern wind for January (ｨ ) and October (ｨ ), western wind for January (09) and September (00), southwestern wind for May (01) and June (02), south-southeastern wind for August (03). Scale vector corresponds to 2 dyn/cm 2 for January and 1 dyn/cm 2 for other months. Curl contours are shown every ｨC8 dyn/cm 3 ; additional contours are dashed; positive values correspond to cyclonic curl and negative values correspond to anticyclonic curl; zero contour is thick ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ06 04ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｮ01 09ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 ｪ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｬ (1ｨ ) ｨｨ 09 08ｨ ｨｬ, ｨｮｨｬ02ｨｪｨｹ0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 25 % (1ｨ ) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ0907 ｨｮ ｨｨ07 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 0506ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬ 06ｨｺ06ｨｪ ﾂｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ: 09 ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ0208, ｨ 09 ｨｨ06ｨｪ07 122

6 ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ 08ｨｹ ｪ ｨｰ0208; ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｰ , ﾂｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1 (09ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨｮ) ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｬ060802ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨ, 04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ. 06ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 00ｨｨ0706ｨｰ02ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｬｨｮ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 06 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07 ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ : 0902ｨｰ08ｨ 09 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ 05ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 (04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ0402) 0902ｨｰ08ｨ (09ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨｮ), 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｬ060802ｨｬ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ (08ｨｨ09. 2, 09 ｪ ｨｪ09ｨ 0807). 0902ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｺ 0600ｨｮ 06ｨｰ 40ｨC ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 04ｨｦ, 09 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ, ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ, ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ09 ﾂｨ ｨｦ 09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ ｨｹ 0609ｨｨ 09ｨｮ03ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨ, ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ (08ｨｨ09. 2, 00 ｪ ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ 0807). 06ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07 ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｪ ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ04 ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ ｪ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ (09ｨｬ. ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ02ｨｮ). 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0706 ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨｹ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ (04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨｨ), ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨ 07 ｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ (04ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 04ｨｨｨｬ04). 06ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪ0706ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ0402, ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ020902ｨｪ04 ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪ02 ｨｬ , 09 05ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 03ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｨ. 06ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨｨｬ ﾂｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ, 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 01ｨ 0302 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ 01 ｨ 0605ｨｹ0302 ｨ ｨｰｨｬ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ0607ｨｰｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺ (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2011), ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｰ0802ｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0609ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ ｨｰｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ0302ｨｬ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬｨ ｨｰ08ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ0402 ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ , 08ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ0209ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｮ ｨｬ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ ｨｨ01 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ0402 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ (09ｨｬ ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ02 08ｨｨ09. 1, 0706: 0708ｨ , 0808ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ, 1991) 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 (ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 ｨｬ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0609 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨ09. 3), ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨｨｬ ｨｮｨｴｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｬ (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2007; Trusenkova et al., 2009). 05ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ , ｨｴｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｬ ﾂ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ, ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0906 ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02. ﾁｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ, ｨｴ ﾂ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05, ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｹ ｨｺ060802ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 0108ｨｮ00ｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨ 02ｨｬｨ 07 09ｨｰ060806ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ09ｨｹ06 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (0708ｨ , 0808ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ, 1991), ｨｨ05ｨｨ Offshore Branch (Chang et al., 2004), ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ 0706 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｺ ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ090600ｨ 04ｨｪ0602 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ02 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ01 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (08ｨｨ09. 3, 4), ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｮ0209 (Lee, Niiler, 2010). 00 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, 06ｨｰｨｬ02 ﾂ02ｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨ ｨｨ00ｨｮ08ｨｺｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ 09 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ060202ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ % 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0209 (Lee, Niiler, 2010) ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ080409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 0600ｨｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｺ0506ｨｪ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰ06, ｨｪ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ ｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02, ﾂｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｪ06 09 ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ (09ｨｬ. 08ｨｨ09. 3) ｨｰ09ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨｺｨｪ06ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨ. 0306ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｺｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ00ｨｰ (Lee, Niiler, 2005). 06ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｰ 09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨｮ 09 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｰ , ｨｰ060001ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 09 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｪｨｰ (09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｪ ). 0506ｨｪ04 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｦｨｪ0401 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ (09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ ｨｮｨ 06ｨｺ ｨｪｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ 06ｨ ｨｰｨ 0809ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ ) ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ0701 ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 (08ｨｨ09. 4). 123

7 1304ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 (09ｨｬ) ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨ 0507, ｨｬｨ 07, ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0607ｨ 0807 Fig. 3. Monthly mean sea level (cm) from numerical simulations for February, May, August, and November 00 09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ (ｨｺ ｨｮ 06ｨｰ ) ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｬｨｪ ｨｬｨｮ090906ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ

8 13ｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02, 0708ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｺｨ 06ｨｴ02ｨｬ ｨｺ 0706ｨ ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ, ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬ, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｮ ｨ ｨｪ06 06ｨ 09ｨｮ0301ｨ ｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2007; Trusenkova et al., 2009; Yoon, Kim, 2009) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪ04 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ, 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 01 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰ (09ｨｬ. 08ｨｨ09. 3) ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪｨｰｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺ0506ｨｪｨ ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨ ｨｨｨｬ060809ｨｺ0602 ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ080409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ0605ｨｴｨｮ 07ｨｨｨｺｨｪ06ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ02ｨｦ (0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07) ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 5-ｨｬ ｨｨ 6-ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ, 06ｨｰ0902 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ 07ｨｨｨｺｨｪ06ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06 05ｨｰ06 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｨ0406ｨｪｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｬ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ020008ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ 00ｨｨ07, ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｦ ﾂ02ｨｰｨｺ ｨ 0302ｨｪ , ｨ ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ04 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ﾂ ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨ 02ｨｰ 100 ｨｬ, ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ02 ( ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｬ02ｨｪ ｨｬ) ｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ0609, ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 (ｨｪｨｨ

9 13ｨ 04ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 (10 ｨC7 ) 09 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ (ｨ ) ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ (ｨ ) ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ Fig. 4. Monthly mean gradients of sea level (10 ｨC7 ) in the western (ｨ ) and northeastern (ｨ ) Japan Sea 200 ｨｬ) ｪ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060807, ｨｦ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ04ｨｦ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ 00ｨｨ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ, 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｬ0401 ｨｺ 07ｨｨｨｺｨｪ06ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪｨｮ ( ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0204 ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 8-ｨｬ ｨｨ 9-ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06), ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｨｨｺｨｪ06ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｪ02 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ0906ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｨ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ. 04ｨｨ ｨｪ0707 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪｨ 07 (ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰ) 0005ｨｮｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ 04ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 (ｨｬ) ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ 5-ｨｬ ｨｨ 6-ｨｬ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ Fig. 5. Monthly mean interface topography (m) between 5 th and 6 th layer of the model. Hatches downhill 126

10 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ07ｨｬ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 (010609ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ070502ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｮｨ ｨｰ080607ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬ060802) ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪｨｨ06 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ (ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｨ07 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰ06) ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ ｨｰ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨ 09 ｨ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ 08ｨｹ (08ｨｨ09. 3, 4, ｨ ). 0306ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1ｨ ｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02, ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0909ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｰ06ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ, ｨｴｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨｬ ﾂ ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ, 06ｨｰｨｺ0506ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ, ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ07 09ｨｰ0608ｨｮ ｨｰ09ｨｹ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪ06 ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 06ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ, 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ00ｨｨ02ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ0907, ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｹ ｨｺ060802ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨC , ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ 0603ｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ02 (08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 1ｨ ｨｨ 3ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨ07, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 04ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰｨ, ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｪ 09 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｹ ｨｰ060806ｨｬ 0905ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02 ｨｪｨ 01 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｬ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ. 06ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ, ﾂｨｰ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0705 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨ 03ｨｪ04 ｨｪ02 ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｮ ｨｨ07, ｨｪ06 ｨｨ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ060802ｨｬ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ06 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ｨｬ, ｨｰ.02. ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 ｨｪｨ 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ (0209ｨｰ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ 0108., 2009), ｨ 09ｨｨｨｪ0607ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｹ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪｨｮ06. 06ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ 0708ｨｨ- ﾂｨｨｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨ04ｨｬ02ｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090609ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨｨ ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬｨ 0705 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060807, ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ 07 ｨ 0405ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨｨ ｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01, ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨｺ ｨｨ 0907ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (Chang et al., 2004; Lee, Niiler, 2010). 05ｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｬ ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ, ｨｪｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ. 00 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ0208ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｨ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ 0802ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (inertial boundary current; Lee, Niiler, 2010), ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 09ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨ, ｨ ｨｰ080409ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｨｨｪ020802ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 0406ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ. 0002ｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨ, 09 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ (ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ), ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬ0702ｨｪ09ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｪｨｮ06 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ (09ｨｮｨｬｨｬｨｮ 0705ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ (ｨｬ0601ｨ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07; Lee, Niiler, 2010), ｨ ｨｹ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｨ04 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨｨ09ｨ 0109ｨｨ0302ｨｰ0907 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ (09ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｹ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07; 0708ｨ , 0808ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ, 1991). 0004ｨｰ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｬ0208ｨｨ01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ ﾂ02ｨｦｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｺ060802ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ ｨ, ｨｮ02ｨｰ 0603ｨｪ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02, 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 06ｨｴ0202 ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨｮ0405ｨ 0902ｨｰｨｺｨｨ (< 0,5 ), ｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ｨｮｨｴ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 07, ｨｪ02 35,5ｨC37, ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ, ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ06 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪｨ ｨｹ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｨ (08ｨｨ09. 6) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1ｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｦ09ｨｺ0602 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰ06, ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｰ02ｨｦ 06ｨｰ010601ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 127

11 1304ｨｨ ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ 0802: ｨ ｪ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ (09ｨｬ); ｨ ｪ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ (04ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｺｨ, 10 ｨC5 09 ｨC1 ) ｨｨ 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (09ｨｰ080205ｨｺｨｨ, 09ｨｬ/09) ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｦ 4-ｨｦ 0902ｨｺｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｬｨ 0903ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｦ 0902ｨｺｨｰ ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 50 09ｨｬ/09. 00ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 ｪ 06ｨｰ08ｨｨ02ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ ; ｨｪｨｮ050209ｨ 07 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ08ｨ 09ｨｪ06ｨｦ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ Fig. 6. Circulation patterns in the southwestern Japan Sea in October: a ｪ sea level (cm), ｨ ｪ current velocity (cm/s) in the top model layer overlaid upon the relative vorticity (10 ｨC5 s ｨC1 ). Every fourth current vector is shown; scale vector corresponds to 50 cm/s. Cyclonic vorticity is positive, anticyclonic vorticity is negative, and zero contour is red ｨ ｨ, ｨｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ. 05ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 00ｨ ｨｺｨｰ060806ｨｬ ｨｰ0907 ｨｮ09ｨｨ0502ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｰ.02. ｨｪ0205ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｦｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ, ｨｰ09ｨｨ02 ﾂ ｨｨｨｪ020802ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 0409ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｦ, ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｦ ｨ 09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06ｨｰ010601ｨｮ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｨ 08ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ06ｨｦ 02ｨｨ08ｨｺｨｮ050702ｨｨｨｨ (08ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨｨ ﾂ, 1966; Kiss, 2002) ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02, ｨｴ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 09ｨｨｨｪ0607ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｮ06 01ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨｨｺｨｮ 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06, ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｪ0203ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｮ ｨｨｨｦ, 09 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｰ ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 (09ｨｬ. 08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ) ｨｬ 0008ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ04 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ0907, ｨｰ.02. ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｮ09ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｰ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨ, ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ060807, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0609ｨｰ080706ｨｰ ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪ ｪ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (01ｨｨｨｺｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｪ, 0708ｨ , 2007), ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 09 ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 09 ﾂ02ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ ( ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 0406ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ070302ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ040605ｨｨｨｪｨｨ07ｨｬｨｨ 0008ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07) 08ｨ 0903ｨｨ080702ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ- 128

12 130506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨ 0903ｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｨ0806ｨｺｨ (1,50ｨC2,25 ) 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 09ｨｨ010802ｨｬ 0902ｨｰ08ｨ 09 ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 1ｨ ｨｨ 3ｨ ｨ 0903ｨｨ080702ｨｰ ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ,50ｨC1,75 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｰ08ｨ 0401ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ ｱ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨｨｨｬ04, ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 09 06ｨｺｨｰ07ｨ ｨｬｨ 08ｨｰ ｨｬ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｰｨｨ02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 09ｨｨ0108ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 01 05ｨｰｨｨｨｬ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ. 00 ｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 01 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ06 ｨｬ060807, ｨｦ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｬ, ｨｨｨｬｨ 02ｨｰ ,00ｨC1,25, ｨｪ0209ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 ｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｨ0502ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨｰｨ, ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ04ｨｬ 0106 ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ 0502ｨｰｨ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｴ ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ- ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 2 ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0706ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1ｨ ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ (04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｺ) ｨ ｨ 0502ｨｪ ｨｨ 0903ｨ ｨｰ: ｨｨ08ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ 0,75 09 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｬ ﾂｨｪ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07, ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨ 03ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬ02ｨ ｨｪ0108ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｰｨ 09 ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ 0406ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 09ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ 0603ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 (08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 1ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 131ｨC ｨ 0502, ｨ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0702ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨ , 0708ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ 09ｨｮｨ ｨ 08ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨ 07 09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｮ08ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｰ 01ｨ 0502ｨｺ06 ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｮ08ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ 0601ｨｪ ｨ ｨ, ｨｪｨ 0708ｨｨｨｬ ｨｹ 132 ｨｬ0208ｨｨ01ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨ, ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰｨｹ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060906ｨｦ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｰｨｨｨｬ02ｨｰ08ｨｨｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02 ｨｬ060807, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ ｨ ｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 (Choi et al., 2009) ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨｨ (ｨｺ ｨｰ06ｨｺｨｮ 06ｨｰ ) ｨｪ02 ｨｨ090704ｨｰ0409ｨ 06ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｬ0208ｨｨ01ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨｨｦ (09ｨｬ. 08ｨｨ09. 3, 4, ｨ ), ｨｺｨ ｨｺ 05ｨｰ06 ｨｨ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｰ0208ｨｬｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ0609, ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ08ｨｮ02ｨｬ ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060904ｨｬ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬ (01ｨｨｨｺｨｨｨｰｨｨｨｪ, 0708ｨ , 2007) ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ 09 ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ ｨｮｨｴｨｨ01 ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ 01 (0608ｨｮ0902ｨｪｨｺ0609ｨ, 2007; Trusenkova et al., 2009) ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ﾁｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｮ06ｨｴ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0906, 0706ｨｺｨｨ01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｬ ﾂ ｨ ｨｪ00ｨ 0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ09, ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ02 ｨｺ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｮ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨｺｨ ｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ09ｨｹ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ 01ｨ ｨｹ ｨ ｨｺｨｺｨ ｨｦ0106 ｨｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 05ｨｨｨｪｨ, ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｮ ｨ ｨｮ04ｨ. 0208ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｰ09ｨｹ ｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ 01 ｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ, ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｮｨ 06ｨｺ06ｨｦ, ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ04 (08ｨｨ09. 3, 4, ｨ ) ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬ, ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｬ ｨｺ 0706ｨ ｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0608ｨｹ07, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ02ｨｰ 04ｨ 0005ｨｮｨ 0502ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ02 04ｨ 07ｨ 01ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ09ｨｨ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07 (08ｨｨ09. 5) ｨｺ02ｨｨ07 ｨｰ ｨｪｨ 04ｨ 07ｨ ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｮ , ｨ ｨｮｨｦｨｺ ｨｨ 0907ｨｮｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ (Danchenkov et al., 2006) ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｬ02 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨｬ (0708ｨ , 0808ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ, 1991), 06ｨｰ 0708ｨｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ ｨｺ 0600ｨｮ 06ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｹ00ｨｨ (ｨｪｨ ) 08ｨ ｨｰ ｨｪ04 01ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ. 0201ｨｪｨ 0904ｨｰ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｰ06ｨｺ ｨｺ 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨｮ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ 07 ｪ ｨｪｨ ｨ 07ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ 01ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｬ0603ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 09 09ｨｪｨｮｨｰ0802ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰ07ｨｬｨｨ 02ｨｨｨｺ0506ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｰ0609 ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｺ 0600ｨｮ 06ｨｰ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ (09ｨｬ. 08ｨｨ09. 3). 09ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208 ｨｬ ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09 05ｨｰ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｮｨｴ0209ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06 04ｨ 09ｨｨ09ｨｨｨｰ 06ｨｰ 0902ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨｨ07, ｨ 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨｪ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｦ 0708ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 08ｨ ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ0902 (05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ 1ｨ ) ｨｪ02 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ09ｨｹ 00ｨｮ09ｨｨｨｬ09ｨｺ ｨｰ02 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ07, ｨｬｨｨ08ｨｮ06ｨｴｨ ｨｹｨ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｮ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨｨ02ｨｪｨｰ0609 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ07 (08ｨｨ09. 4, ｨ ), ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｬｨ ｨｪ09ｨ 08ｨｹ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ ｨｨ 09 ｨｬｨ ｨ 0900ｨｮ09ｨｰ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ09ｨｨ 09 05ｨｺ ｨｨｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ02 3ｨ 06ｨ ｨｲ0709ｨｪ0702ｨｰ0907 ｨｰ02ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 09 ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 01 08ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ06ｨｬ 0902ｨｰ090502ｨｪｨｨ07 129