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1 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2011, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ0609 Bird1 7Electrocution1 7in1 7the1 7Daurian1 7Steppe1 7(South-Eastern1 7Trans- Baikal1 7Region),1 7Russia ｧ ｧｪｧ ｧｦｧｭｧｾ ｧｱｧｴｧｪｧｸ ｧｯｧ ｧｭｧｿｧｱ ｧ ｧ ｧ ｧｵｧｲｧｳｧｬｧｰｧｫ ｧｳｧｴｧｦｧｱｧｪ (ｧﾀｧ ｧｰ-ｧ ｧｰｧｳｧｴｧｰｧｹｧｯｧｰｧｦ ｧｩｧ ｧ ｧ ｧｫｧｬｧ ｧｭｧｾｧｦ), ｧｲｧｰｧｳｧｳｧｪｧﾁ Goroshko1 7O.A.1 7(Daursky1 7State1 7Biosphere1 7Nature1 7Reserve,1 7Chita1 7Institute1 7of1 7Nature1 7 Resources,1 7Ecology1 7and1 7Cryology,1 7Chita,1 7Russia) ｧ ｧ爰筴爰ﾜｧ ｧｰ.ｧ. (ｧ ｧ爰罘蟋ﾕｧﾑｧ筴罘荅ﾓｧﾖｧﾟｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧ皎筴ﾚｧ筴爰ﾕｧﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾒｧﾚｧ爰罘讒ﾖｧ筴ﾟｧｧﾛ ｧﾙｧﾑｧ皎爰ﾓｧﾖｧﾕｧﾟｧﾚｧﾜ 00ｧ ｧﾑｧ蟋筴罘ﾜｧﾚｧﾛ03, ｧｪｧﾟｧ罘荅ﾚｧ荅蟋 ｧ皎筴ﾚｧ筴爰ﾕｧﾟｧｧ ｧ筴ﾖｧ罘蟋筴罘爰ﾓ, ｧｧﾜｧ爰ﾝｧ爰ﾔｧﾚｧﾚ ｧﾚ ｧﾜｧ筴ﾚｧ爰ﾝｧ爰ﾔｧﾚｧﾚ ｧｳｧｰ ｧｲｧ ｧｯ, ｧｹｧﾚｧ荅ﾑ, ｧｲｧ爰罘罘ﾚｧ) 0806ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｰ: ｨｺ06 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ 0002ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ , ｨｨ07, 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦ, ｨｨ03ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ﾁｨ 09ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｦ, ｨ /07 66 ｨｰ0205.: oleggoroshko@mail.ru Contact: Oleg Goroshko Daursky State Biosphere Nature Reserve P.O. Box 66, Nizhny Tsauchy, Zabaykalskiy Kray, Russia, tel.: oleggoroshko@mail.ru ｨｬ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｺ080209ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 0002ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ03, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ04 09ｨｨｨｰｨｮｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ020906ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｦ. 02ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｰ070300ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 50,4 ｨｺｨｬ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨ ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 6ｨC10 ｨｺ00, 0609ｨｪｨ ｨｴ00ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ01 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺ ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ01 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨ 0, ｨ 02ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0601ｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ (06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ). 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0401 (0601ｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ) ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ 0706ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹ ｨ ,05, ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 (0109ｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ ) ｨｨ ｨｮ (ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ ) ｨC ｨｬｨｪ060006ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｰｨｪ : 0,67 ｨｨ 0,86, ｨｰ0902ｨｰ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ06. 01ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ (1,42 07ｨｰｨｨ0204 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ) 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｦ, ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ (06ｨ ｨ ｨｪ06 19 ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨ ) ｨ ｨｴ02ｨｦ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ01: ｨｺｨ (Pica pica) ｨC 20,9%, ﾂ0008ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ (Corvus corone) ｨC 19,4%, ｨｪ (Corvas corax) ｨC 16,42%, ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ (Buteo hemilasius) ｨC 14,93%, ｨ ｨｬｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺ (Falco amurensis) ｨC 8,96% ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ (Falco cherrug) ｨC 5,97%. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｪ02 09ｨｮ01ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ020702ｨｦ 00ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ, ｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02 ｨｨ ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ06-ｨｺｨｮ09ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060906ｨｦ 08ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｦｨｬ 0802ｨｺ ｨC 0908ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺ ,15% ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ0204, ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ ｨｨ 29,85% ｨC ｨ 0909 ﾂｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ0208ｨ ｨC 06ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ01 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰｨ 09ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｮｨ. 02ｨｰ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ0209ｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨ 0405 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪ 0102ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｦ 06ｨｰ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｰ0802ｨ 0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 06ｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｪｨ 06ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨｰｨｨ020204ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0109ｨｮ01 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ06 ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｹ040609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ ｨｮ06 06 ﾂ ｨｹ 06ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ , ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｮ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ ｨ : ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ02, 02ｨ ｨｮ08ｨｨ07, 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ 0002ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ03, 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ0204, ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ, , ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ, Buteo hemilasius, ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ, Falco cherrug ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ05ｨ ｨ ｨｺ02ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ07ｨｰｨ ｨｺ 07ｨｮｨ 05ｨｨｨｺｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ Abstract The article includes results of observations of power lines (PL) carried out in the steppe zone of South-Eastern Trans- Baikal Region in the vicinity of the Daursky Nature Reserve (Daursky NR) in September 2010, analysis of situation, and experience of cooperation with regional electric utility companies. We observed three PL (50.4 km in total) and 19 selected poles in 5 other PL (6ｨC10 kv). We have not found electrocuted birds during the observation of 260 wooden poles. The average density of carcasses and remains of electrocuted birds near concrete poles was 0.14 bird a pole (491 poles were observed). The complex concrete poles are much more dangerous for birds than simple ones. The reinforced complex concrete poles are used for strengthening of the PL. The average density of electrocuted birds near concrete simple one-post pole was 0.05, near complete two-posts pole ｨC 0.67, and near three-posts pole ｨC The most dangerous poles are complete concrete ones located inside the ｰwooden ｱ PL consisting of simple wooden intermediate poles ｨC 1.42 electrocuted birds per one pole. 67 electrocuted birds were found in total: Magpie (Pica pica) ｨC 20.9%, Carrion Crow (Corvus corone) ｨC 19.4%, Raven (Corvus corax) ｨC 16.42%, Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius) ｨC 14.93%, Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) ｨC 8.96%, Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) ｨC 5.97%, other species ｨC 13.42%. Main victims in area of dry steppes are Upland Buzzards and Saker Falcons, in forest-steppe area and along the river floodplains overgrown trees and bushes ｨC different species of crows and the Amur Falcon % of found birds were electrocuted in 2010 and 29.85% ｨC in The damage has been calculated: it is 984,456 rubles. The detailed report about results of observation of PL and a requirement to prevent bird electrocution were sent from the Daursky NR to a regional electric utility company. The company has included some funds in the budget of 2011 for retrofitting the two observed PL with bird protective devices. It is recommended to install bird protective devices in the first place for the complex concrete poles because they are most hazardous to birds. Keywords: South-Eastern Trans-Baikal Region, Dauria, Daursky State Nature Reserve, raptors, birds of prey, power lines, electrocutions, Upland Buzzard, Buteo hemilasius, Saker Falcon, Falco cherrug. Received: 15/02/2011. Accepted: 01/03/ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ 0502ｨｬｨ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 06ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ03ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪ ｨｺｨｰ ｨ ﾂｨｨ (090603) 09ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ 06 ﾂ02ｨｪｨｹ 0609ｨｰ0806, 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ 09 ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｪ0600ｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｮ ｨｰ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ06 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 Introduction The problem of bird deaths through electrocution has not studied in the South- Eastern Trans-Baikal Region until recent time. The Daursky State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Daursky NR) with support of the

2 13Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2011, project UNDP/GEF/48248 ｰImprovement of the system and mechanisms for protected area management in the steppe biome of Russia ｱ carried out surveys concerning the problem of bird electrocution in ｨｪｨ 05ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ (Buteo hemilasius). 0806ｨｰ ｨｺ06. Burn on foot of electrocuted Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius). Photo by O. Goroshko. (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2008; 00ｨ 0204ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0108., 2008; 08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2009; 05ｨ 05ｨｰ04ｨｺ0609, 2009 ｨｨ 0108.) ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ06, ﾂｨｰ06 06ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｪｨｮｨｰ, ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ, 09ｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪｨ ｨｴ00ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨC10 ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｰ 05ｨｰ ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ, ﾂｨｰ06 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｰ08ｨ , ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｺ ｨｰ0907 ｨｨ ｨｰ060804, 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0502ｨｪ04 (ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ 0708ｨｮｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨ 08ｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｮ0806ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ ). 01ｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ08ｨｮ07ｨ 01 07ｨｰｨｨ02 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｨ01ｨｪ04 09ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ0302 ﾂｨｺｨ 01 05ｨ 07, ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｮ ｨｺｨｰ08ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｦ 04ｨ ﾂｨ ｨｴ ｨｨｨｰ ﾂ ｨｪ0600ｨｨ, ｨｺ060001ｨ 09ｨｨ0107ｨｴｨ 07 ｨｪｨ ｨｺ05ｨ 01ｨｨｨｪ02 07ｨｰｨｨ02ｨ 0704ｨｰｨ 02ｨｰ ﾂｨｨ09ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 6ｨC10 ｨｺ00 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪ02 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0502ｨｪ04, ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ0907 ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ ｨｺ06, ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｬ (08ｨ 0807ｨｺｨｨｨｪ ｨｨ 0108., 2009). 04ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ /010608/ ｨｪ09ｨｰ090609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｬ0201ｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｬ0609 ｨｮ0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ ｨｨ06ｨｬ ｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｨ ｨｨ0608ｨｨｨｰ02ｨｰｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨC ｨｨ04ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ (Aqula nipalensis), 09 08ｨ ｨｬｨｺｨ 01 ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 08ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ: 1) 06ｨ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ ｨ 01 ｨｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ02; 2) ｨｬｨｮ05ｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｰｨｹ 0802ｨｺ06ｨｬ02ｨｪ01ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ06 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01ｨ ﾂｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｮ01ｨ ｨｹ 0106ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰ020906ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 00 ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ 05ｨｪ ｨ , ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ Area of Surveys Surveys were conducted in the Daurian steppes (it is northern part of the East Asian steppes) in the South-Eastern Trans-Baikal Region. This region has also name Dauria. Present-day administrative name of this region is the Zabaikalsky Kray (Transbaikal Region) and the former name was the Chitinskaya Oblast (Chita district). We observed power lines (PL) in the vicinity of the Daursky NR. The Daursky NR has three zones of protection: a strictly protected core area, a buffer zone, and a cooperative (transit) zone (fig. 1). There is no PL in the core area, and any kind of human activity is strictly prohibited there. Limited human activity is allowed within the buffer zone. There are no restrictions on human activities in the cooperative zone, this zone is established to promote cooperation of the Daursky NR and the local community for environmental sustainability. Main human activities in the buffer and cooperative zones are livestock production (primarily sheep and cattle with lesser numbers of horses and few camels) and grain production (mainly wheat and oats). About 20% of steppe lands of the south-eastern Trans-Baikal Region are developed for agriculture. The Daursky NR includes the Torey lakes (Barun-Torey Lake connected with Zun- Torey Lake). It is the largest water body of Transbaikalia, located at the border with Mongolia. Flat and hilly Daurian steppes includes a lot of small lakes. Among vast arid steppe areas, these wetlands are the centers of bird diversity. The Torey lakes (especially the Barun-Torey) and network of small steppe lakes are established as an IBA for breeding and migratory waterbirds. The Daurian steppes are flat and lowhilly with a height of 600ｨC900 m above sea level, some mountains and ridges ｨC up to 1100 m. In the forest-steppe zone, low and medium-altitude mountain ranges of 1100ｨC 1900 m above sea level are presented. The steppe vegetation of the central part of the region near the Torey lakes is presented by cereals mainly; the periphery territories (near forest-steppe zone) are represented by forb-grass meadow steppes. Floodplain vegetation communities represented by reed, sedge wetlands, and grass-forb mead-

3 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2011, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 02ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ. Fig. 1. Zones of protection on the Daursky Nature Reserve. 04ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ02 ( ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ09ｨｺ ｨｺ08ｨ 07). 04ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ020702ｨｦ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｦ 0804ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ02 ｨ 06ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ 00ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 06ｨｪ ｨｨｨｰ 09 02ｨ ｨｮ ｨｪ000605ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｮ ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 04ｨｨｨ ｨｰ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 06ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ. 04ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｮ01ｨ 0809ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ080601ｨｪ ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ 0002ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ03, ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ06ｨｦ (ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｪ06ｨｦ) 0406ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 02ｨｪ06ｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0406ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 0800ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ ｨ 01ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ ｨｦ06ｨｪｨ (08ｨｨ09. 1) ｨ ｨｰｨ, ｨｪｨ ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ 09ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ, ｨｰ09ｨｮｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｰ. 05ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨC ｨｺ08ｨｮ07ｨｪ02ｨｦ03ｨｨｨｦ 09 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｬ, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨｪｨ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ000605ｨｨ02ｨｦ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｰ06ｨｨｨｰ ｨｨ04 ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺ05ｨ 09ｨｰ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺ0609, 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨｮｨｪ ｨｦ, 0708ｨｨｨｬ04ｨｺｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ02 ｨｺ ｨｪ02ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0402 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨｨ, ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ 0706ｨｦｨｬ02ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ06-ｨ ｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｮ000601ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨｬｨ 05ｨｺｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 00ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｦ09ｨｺ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｨ 09ｨｺｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨｬｨ 0909ｨｨ ｨｪ- ﾁ020506ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ, ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ, ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ020707ｨｬｨｨ 0906ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ , 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｮｨｪ ｨｦ, 0706ｨｦｨｬ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ 03ｨｨ08ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｰｨｨ08ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｹ 0008ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ000605ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ 08ｨｨｨｰｨ 07, ｨ ｨｰ0409ｨ 02ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0402 ｨｮ000601ｨｹ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ04 ｨｨ 0308ｨｨｨ 0800ｨｮｨｪｨｹ07, 0906ｨｰｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨ 0605ｨｹ03ｨｨ01 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ , 0706ｨｦｨｬ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｦ, ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0402 ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺｨｨ. 05ｨｰ0207ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ows and willow shrubs. In the forest-steppe zone, the main species of the trees and shrubs are: birch, pine, larch, thickets of willows and ernik (shrub birch). In the steppe zone during 1980-s, windbreak woodland belts mainly of poplar were created around the agriculture fields. During the prolonged drought in 2000-s, more than 90% of the poplars perished. The climate is dry continental. Daurian ecosystems greatly depend on long-term climate cycles (about 30 years long) with intermittent wet and dry periods (Obiazov 1994). These cycles greatly affect quantity of precipitations, condition of wetlands, and population status of birds (especially ｨC waterbirds): numbers and distribution of birds, mortality, breeding success, etc. In 1984ｨC1998, the rainfall had increased (1990-s were very wet for the most part); but since 1999 it has been steadily decreasing, with 2000ｨC2008 and the first half of 2009 being extremely dry. Approximately 98% of lakes (including the Barun-Torey Lake), rivers and springs completely had dried up by 2007ｨC2009. The second half of 2009, and 2010 were more humid, but main part of wetlands were still dry. Methods The author has studied birds in the South- Eastern Trans-Baikal Region since 1988, but no serious study of the problem of bird deaths caused by electrocution has been conducted until Also nobody else has studied this problem in the region and carried out any activity on PL retrofitting with bird protective devices in the region. For the survey, we have selected three PL of 6ｨC10 kv, electric poles are mainly concrete (fig. 2) and wooden with upright insulators. Two of these PL (1 and 2) are located in the buffer zone of the Daursky NR, and one PL (3) ｨC in the cooperative zone. In the selected PL we have observed the all concrete poles and a part of wooden ones (table 1). We observed three PL (1ｨC3) including concrete and wooden simple one-post poles and concrete complex reinforced poles. The reinforced complex concrete poles (with 2 or 3 connected poles) are used for strengthening of the PL. We sampling observed also some concrete complex reinforced poles located in PL including only wooden simple poles (PL 1ｨC9). The observation was conducted by vehicle or on foot, if visibility had been limited (as a result of high grass vegetation or shrubs developing); pedestrian surveys carried out

4 13Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2011, ｨ 09ｨｪｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪｨ ｨ. 0806ｨｰ ｨｺ06. Concrete one-post pole hazardous for birds Photo by O. Goroshko. within a radius of 3ｨC6 m around a pole. We identifies the species and approximate date of death of found electrocuted birds, took photographs, recorded the coordinates and number of the pole. We recorded the remains of birds electrocuted during 2010 and If it was necessary, we took away the remains for the species identification to compare the samples found with specimens and skeletons from the collection in the laboratory. Along the way we recorded of live birds and condition of neighboring habitats of birds of prey. Surveys were conducted in September 2010 during autumn migration of birds of prey (table 1). ｨｬｨｨ09ｨｰ04ｨｬｨｨ 08ｨ 09ｨｪｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨｮ 600ｨC900 ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｬ060807, ｨｰｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ00ｨ 02ｨｰ 1100 ｨｬ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ04 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｪ06 ﾂ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｰ0609, ｨｰ06ｨｦ 1100ｨC1900 ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 01 ｨｮ080609ｨｪ02ｨｬ ｨｬ ｨｨ 0105ｨｨｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ, 0904ｨｰ07ｨｪｨｮｨｰ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ. 04ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0202ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 09ｨｮ01ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｪｨｪ060405ｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｰ020707ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ ｨｰ080202ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｦ. 01ｨ ｨｨ000208ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ04, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0401 ｨｨ 0603ｨｪ ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨ0701, 08ｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 08ｨ 04ｨｪ06ｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｪ060405ｨ ｨｺ ｨｮ ｨｰ0207ｨｨ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 07ｨｨ03ｨｬ04 ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨｦ. 04ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 0706ｨｦｨｬ 0802ｨｺ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ080609ｨｰｨｪｨｨｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｴ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨ ｨ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺ060904ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｺ ｨ 04ｨｪ06ｨｰ08ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ09ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｺｨｮ09ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060906ｨｦ 08ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨ ｨ, ｨｪｨ, 05ｨｨ09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪｨｨ02ｨ, 04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ09 ｨｨ 0208ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ (ｨｺｨｮ09ｨｰｨ 08ｨｪｨｨｨｺ060906ｨｦ ｨ ) ｨｺ08ｨｮ ｨｦ 09 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 04ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｪ , ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨｨ04 ｨｰ ｨ ｨｰ0703ｨｪ06ｨｦ 04ｨ 09ｨｮ01ｨｨ ｨ % ｨｰ ｨｦ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｨ07ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨ02 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨｺ0609ｨｨ09ｨｰ02ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 06ｨｺｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 02ｨｨｨｺ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ06 06ｨｺ ｨｰ ﾂ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 04ｨ 09ｨｮ0305ｨｨ ｨｨ 0905ｨ 03ｨｪ0401 ｨｺ05ｨｨｨｬｨ ｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ 02ｨｨｨｺ05ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ02 ｨｺ060502ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 0802ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｮ080609ｨｪ ｨｰ0207ｨｪ ｨ 01 (02ｨ , 1994), ｨｺｨｮｨｴｨｨ02 04ｨ 0906ｨ 06ｨｦ ｨｺ060802ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 09 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ 01 06ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ050702ｨｨ0701 (060906ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 ｨｨ 06ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｨ010609). 02ｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺｨｨ ｨ, ｨｨｨｬ0206ｨｴｨｨ02 09 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｪ ｨｴｨ 01ｨｹ ｨ ｨｺｨｬ 2, ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ Results and discussion About a half of PL in the region includes only grounded concrete poles and about half PL includes un-grounded wooden simple poles and some grounded concrete complex reinforced poles (PL 4ｨC9). Some PL (1ｨC3) include mixed grounded concrete and un-grounded wooden simple poles. Very few PL include only un-grounded wooden simple and un-grounded wooden complex reinforced poles We have not found electrocuted birds during the observation of 260 not-grounded wooden poles (table 2). The average density of carcasses and remains of electrocuted birds near concrete poles was 0.14 birds a pole (491 poles were observed). The complex concrete poles are much more dangerous for birds than simple ones. The method of fixing the wires to the complex pole is more complex ｨC there are more grounded metal traverses and more wires there. It increases quite a hazard for birds. The frequency of electrocution of birds on the complete poles in nearly 20 times higher comparatively simple poles (table 2, 3). The highest frequency of electrocution of birds was recorded on complex concrete poles located in ｰwooden ｱ PL (consisting of simple wooden intermediate poles). The electrocuted birds were found almost near every such complex pole, up to 4 birds were found near some of them. Carcasses and remains of 67 electrocuted birds were found (table 2, 3). 70% of them were birds electrocuted in 2010 and 30% ｨC in The main part of remains of birds electrocuted in 2009 was found in the northern part of the surveyed region in the territories covered by toll grass and bush vegetation (PL 3, 4ｨC9). In the central dry steppes located around the Torey lakes, on the areas covered by short grass, carcasses are clearly

5 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2011, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ ﾂ02ｨｰ ｨｬ0008ｨｰ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｬ060302ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｦ. 02ｨｺ ｨｪｨ 0006ｨｰ060008ｨ 00ｨｨｨｨ ｨC ｨｬ0601ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ (Corvus corax) (ｨｬ020301ｨｮ ｨｪｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨC ｨｰ02ｨｰ08ｨ 01ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ020507). 0806ｨｰ ｨｺ06. Concrete three-post poles are a hazardous for birds. Up to 4 electrocuted birds can be found near one such pole. Electrocuted Upland Buzzard and Raven (Corvus corax) near concrete threepost pole (notebook is located between the birds). Photos by O. Goroshko. 07ｨｨｨｺ 04ｨ 09ｨｮ0305ｨｨ ｨｨ0601ｨ ｨ , ｨ 0905ｨ 03ｨｪ ｨC ｨC ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ ｨｹ 09ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 0609ｨ 01ｨｺ0609, ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02 04ｨ 09ｨｮ0305ｨｨ0904ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ 2000ｨC ｨｨ ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ , ｨ ｨ 03ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 09ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｨｨｪｨ , ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨC ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｨ ｨｨ09 ﾂ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 98% ｨｬ0205ｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ , ｨｺ0506 ﾂ02ｨｦ ｨｨ 0802ｨｺ; ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 08ｨｮｨｪ ｨｦ ｨｨ06ｨｪ 01ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨｨ04ｨｮ02ｨｰ ｨ 0409ｨｨｨｰ04ｨｬ ｨｹ09ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｦ09ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 05ｨｺ09ｨｰ02ｨｪ09ｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｺｨｰ0208ｨ. 05ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0402 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｹ04ｨｮ06ｨｰ ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ ｨ 09ｨｰｨ ｨｨｨｴｨ (090407ｨ 09ｨ 06ｨｰ , ｨｺ , ｨ 0102ｨｦ, ｨｨｨｪ060001ｨ ｨ ) ｨｨ 0902ｨｪ06ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｬｨｪ ｨｰ0906 ｨｬ0205ｨｺｨｨ01 03ｨｨ0906ｨｰｨｪ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｰ0607ｨｪ06ｨｺ, ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨｮｨｰ ｨC2 0902ｨｬｨｹｨｨ 07ｨ 09ｨｰｨｮ ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ04 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ06 ｨｪｨ 08ｨ 0909ｨｰ0607ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ0209ｨｺ0605ｨｹｨｺｨｨ01 ｨｺｨｨ0506ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮ00 06ｨｰ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪ02ｨｪ04 00ｨｮ09ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0902ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰ ｨ 03ｨｪ0602 ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨC 0402ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｴｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ, ｨｪ0609ｨｪ06ｨｬ, ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ 03ｨｪ07ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｨｨｰ ｨｺ % 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ0401 ｨｰ020808ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｨｨｦ. visible and, as a result, they are often eaten or carried off by dogs and predators. Thus, there are too little remains of 2009 were found there. Mainly crows of different species have been electrocuted: Magpie (Pica pica), Carrion Crow (Corvus corone), Raven (Corvus corax). They are closely connected with trees, and inhabit mainly the northern part of the region. The most often electrocuted species of bird of prey are the Upland Buzzard (Buteo hemilasius), Amur Falcon (Falco amurensis) and Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). In steppe zone, the most numerous species of birds of prey is the Upland Buzzard, in forest-steppe zone ｨC Amur Falcon. The Saker Falcon is a rare species, but the rate of its deaths through electrocution is high. PL 1 goes across the breeding habitats of rare raptor species. Several pairs of Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Upland Buzzard, Saker Falcon, and also Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) inhabit there. It is also important site for migratory birds of prey: different species of harriers, sparrowhawks, falcons, and also Upland Buzzard and Rough-legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus). PL 2 goes through breeding habitats of several pairs of Upland Buzzard, Saker Falcons are recorded too. The Amur Falcon, Common Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus), Hobby (Falco subbuteo), Carrion Crow, Magpie, Raven breeds in the windbreak woodland belts. It is also important site for migratory birds of prey, especially Amur Falcons. PL 3 also goes near breeding habitats of rare bird species: a pair of Steppe Eagle, several pairs of Upland Buzzards and Eagle Owls, and probably Saker Falcon breed there. Eastern Marsh Harrier (Circus spilonotus) was absent there during our observation because the Khila river was completely dry, but this species was numerous in the region under consideration in 1990-s during humid climatic period. Probably, rate of bird deaths through electrocution there is much higher during humid periods than in dry seasons. Damage and mitigating measures undertaken to prevent bird electrocution The damage was calculated according to official methods. The total damage for all 67 found electrocuted birds is 984,456 rubles. But of course, real damage is significantly higher (at least 2 times) because we did not record many carcasses eaten and taken by dogs and predators. The detailed report and a requirement to

6 13Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2011, ｨ ｨｰ0208ｨｨｨ 05 ｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪｨｨ02 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｰ0907 ｨ 09ｨｰ060806ｨｬ , 0601ｨｪｨ ｨｺ ｨｹ0004ｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪ ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｮ00ｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｰ020507ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 08ｨ ｨｪ0202 ｨｪ ｨｨ05ｨｨ09ｨｹ, ｨｬ ｨ 0608ｨｮ010609ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ020204ｨ ｨｴｨｨｨｰｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰ0806ｨｦ09ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ. 05ｨ 0109ｨ ｨｬ ｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨｮ ｨｰ0209ｨｮ06 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ06 00 ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ 05ｨｪ (00ｨｨ05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 08ｨ ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 05ｨｨｨ ｨｨ08ｨｨ03) ｨ ｨｰ0708ｨ ｨｪ ｨｨ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ09ｨｹｨｬ ｨ ｨｪｨ 01 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨ 04ｨ ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ 06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ070300ｨｪｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨC10 ｨｺ00, 0609ｨｪｨ ｨｴ00ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 02ｨｰ 08ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ07ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｮ ﾂ02ｨｪ 06ｨｰ0902ｨｰ 06 ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ﾂｨｰ06 04ｨ 0708ｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｬｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨ ｨｮ0102ｨｰ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 09 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺ. 0201ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｰｨｮ07ｨｨ05ｨ, ｨｪ0209ｨｬ06ｨｰ0807 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｪ ﾂｨｨ090502ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪｨ 0706ｨｬｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰ060806ｨｪ04 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0609ｨｪ0609ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0906ｨ 09ｨｰ0902ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 06 08ｨ 04ｨｬ02ｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0706ｨｰ02ｨｪ02ｨｨｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｦ 09 ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ 01 06ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 undertake mitigating measures have been sent from the Daursky NR to the regional electric utility company. The company has included in its budget some funds for retrofitting the two observed PL (2 and 3) with bird protective devices in We have discussed the next cooperation. Since the length of PL dangerous for birds in Dauria is very large but funds for protective devices are limited, the Daursky NR step by step will do observation of PL and the company year by year will retrofit its hazardous PL with protective devices. Analysis of the problem and recommendations 323 species of birds were recorded in the Reserve and its vicinity. A large number of rare bird species is recorded inhabiting Dauria: 20 of them are included in the IUCN Red List (2010) as globally threatened species (table 4). The region is also important as a breeding and migration area for many globally threatened waterbirds. The Saker Falcon is one of the globally threatened bird species breeding in Dauria. 41 species of birds listed in the Red Data ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0402 ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｰ ｨｺ06. Poles extremely hazardous for birds. Photos by O. Goroshko.

7 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2011, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ Fig. 2. Observed power lines. 09ｨｰ0207ｨｪ , ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ0609 (Falco cherrug) ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨｺ080209ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰ ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｰ08ｨｨ ｨC10 ｨｺ ｨｰ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｰ0608ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨC ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0402 (08ｨｨ09. 2) ｨｪｨｨ (01011 ｨｨ 2) ｨC 09 ｨ ｨｮ000208ｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02 04ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｨ 0601ｨｪｨ (013) ｨC ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ (ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ04ｨｨｨｰｨｪ06ｨｦ 0406ｨｪ02) ｨｨ 3 ｨｨ04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｰ0605ｨｹｨｺ06 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ , ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ02ｨｦ0302ｨｬ ｨｨ04-04ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬｨｺｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ﾂｨｪ06 04ｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪ02ｨｪ04 ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0904ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 0405ｨｨ 0609ｨｬ06ｨｰ0802ｨｪ04 06ｨｺ080209ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ﾂｨｪ06. 06ｨｰ06 ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｰ020702ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 09 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. 00 ｨｮ ｨｨ0701 ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨ 0907ｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｨｨ04 06ｨｰｨｺ0804ｨｰ ｨｺｨｪｨ ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬ06ｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ ｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨｨ04ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ. 0308ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ, 06ｨｺ ｨｰ0605ｨ 0609 ｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｬ06ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｹ 06ｨ 04 ﾂｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨ 0905ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨｰ0608ｨｬｨ 03ｨｨ09ｨ ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨ 0907ｨｪ06ｨｦ 08ｨ 09ｨｰｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｺｨｮ09ｨｰ0609, ｨｰ09ｨｰ09ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨ ｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｬｨｮ 06ｨ ｨｮ, ｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬ 0609ｨｬ06ｨｰ0806ｨｬ 06ｨｺ080209ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰ02ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ 09 08ｨ 01ｨｨｨｮ0902 3ｨC6 ｨｬ02ｨｰ (01ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｺ06 06ｨｰｨｰｨ 09ｨｺｨｨ09ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ02 06ｨｰ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ 0609). 0308ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｺ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ02 ｨｨ01 09ｨｨ ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ 0708ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ 01ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ0204, ｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｹ 0006ｨｰ0609ｨｲ00ｨｬｨｺｨ, ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ09ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ 0200 ｨｪ06ｨｬ0208 (0708ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｨ ｨｪ06ｨｬ ) ｨｨ09ｨｰ08ｨｨ080609ｨ 05ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ02, ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｪ0206ｨ ｨｨｨｬ0609ｨｰｨｨ, ｨｪｨｨ07 09ｨｨ ｨｦ 0708ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ, Book of Russia are recorded in Dauria. There are breeding habitats of Steppe Eagle, Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and Eagle Ows. The Steppe Eagle is original but rare breeding species there. The Golden Eagle breeds mainly in forest-steppe and forest zones, but migrating and wintering birds are regularly recorded in the Daurian steppe, as well as non-breeding immature eagles during summer time. They often recorded near herd of Mongolian Gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) around the Torey lakes. The Regional Red List includes 66 species of birds, 64 of them are recorded in the Daursky NR. The Dauria supports key habitats for migratory Eastern Marsh Harrier, migratory and wintering Rough-legged Buzzard and Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca). The all mentioned protected raptor species often use electric poles as roosting sites. During the last decade of extremely dry period, abundance of almost all the raptor species birds of prey has been reduced in the region due to the deterioration in food, often grass and forest fires and other problems. Populations of some breeding species have declined greatly: the Black Kite (Milvus migrans), Eastern Marsh Harrier, Upland Buzzard, Steppe Eagle, Saker Falcon, Amur Falcon, Eagle Owl. In particular, the population number of Marsh Harriers decreased by dozens of times that was caused by disappearance of the vast majority of the wetlands. This species was abundant in the 1990-s, but at the present time it is rare. Populations of migratory Hen Harriers and wintering Rough-legged Buzzards have declined much too. In addition, in 2010 population number and breeding success of the Upland Buzzard, Steppe Eagles and Saker Falcons were especially low in Dauria due to extreme weather conditions and depression of rodents. Because of low number of the birds during 2009 and 2010, the rate of deaths of them through electrocution was low too. It is expected that in the coming wet many years duration climatic period, the populations will restore and frequency of birds deaths through electrocution will increase significantly. The highest increasing of abundance of birds will be near wetlands. Firstly the PL going across and near habitats of key rare species of birds of prey and near wetlands should be retrofitted with bird protective devices. It is recommended also to retrofit the concrete complex reinforced poles with bird protective devices because they are the most dangerous for birds.

8 13Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2011, ｨ ｨ ｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06ｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｨ ｨ 01. Table 1. Information about observed power lines and poles (01) Power line 02ｨ ｨｰｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 Date of observation ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｪｨ ﾂｨ 05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ02ｨ 05ｨｨｨｪｨｨｨｨ Location (beginning and end of the line) 1 06/09/2010 N ; E ｨC N ; E /09 ｨC 16/ ｨｨｨｪｨ (ｨｺｨｬ) Length of a line (km) ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨ (%)* Share of concrete and wooden poles in a line (%)* ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 / ｨｪｨｪ0401* Number of observed concrete / wooden poles* ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ 02ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ / Buffer zone of the Daursky NR N ; E ｨC N ; E /09/2010 N ; E ｨC N ; E /09/2010, 17/09/ ｨｨ06ｨｰ0607 Habitats /9 194/ ｨｬｨｨ09ｨｰｨ 07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｺｨ 05 Hilly steppe with rocks /57 173/ ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ, ｨｬ0209ｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ Flat steppe with some woodland belts 0506ｨｪｨ 0906ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ 02ｨ ｨｮ0809ｨｺ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ / Transit zone of the Daursky NR N ; E ｨC N ; E /09/2010 N ; E ｨC N ; E /09/2010 N ; E ｨC N ; E , 8, 9 17/09/ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｪ Some concrete poles in three different lines /19 105/25 05ｨｰ0207ｨｹ ｨｹ 0706ｨｦｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨ ｨｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09ｨｺｨ 05 Steppe along the Khila river valley and near hills and rocks /93** 8/ ｨｬｨｨ09ｨｰｨ 07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ 06ｨｺ ｨｮｨｪ-0506ｨｺｨｰｨｮｨｦ Hilly steppe near Zun-Soktuy lake 3.0 7/93** 4/ ｨｰ0207ｨｹ 09 ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0806ｨｴｨ ｨｬｨｨ Forest-steppe with birch groves /93** 2/ ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｦｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｪ, 04ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ07ｨｬｨｨ Flat steppe and agriculture lands near the Onon river valley covered by trees - 7/93** 5/ ｨｪｨ 07 09ｨｰ0207ｨｹ ｨｨ ｨｹ ｨｺ ｨｦｨｬ ｨｪ06ｨｪ, 04ｨ ｨｦ ｨｹ07ｨｬｨｨ Flat steppe and agriculture lands near the Onon river valley covered by trees 06ｨｰ / In total /260 * ｨC ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ0204ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ , ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｺ0605ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ * ｨC All the power lines include wooden and concrete poles. Numbers of observed concrete and wooden poles are presented. ** ｨC ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ. ** ｨC Wooden pole power lines having some concrete two- and three-posts poles for strengthening of the line. ｨｬ04 04ｨ ｨ ｨｨ08ｨ 05ｨｨ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ01 09 ｨｺ ｨｺ02ｨｨ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨｺ0402ｨｬ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ 0608ｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ0401 ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｬ06ｨｰ ｨｹ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ ｨｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ ｨｪ04ｨｬ 0708ｨｨ04ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ08ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬ ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｰ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 Acknowledgments The author is very grateful to V.E. Kirilyuk, A.N. Barashkova, I.V. Karyakin, S.B. Balzhimaeva, T.E. Tkachuk, A.V. Komarov, O.K. Kirilyuk, as well as rangers of the Daursky NR participated in the observation PL and provided other assistance in conducting of surveys and data processing.

9 ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ 2011, ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺ ｨｮ0302 ﾂｨｺｨｨ ｨｪｨ 05ｨ 07ｨ ｨｨ 06ｨ ｨｪｨ 08ｨｮ0302ｨｪｨｨｨｨ 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨ01 ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨｰｨｨ02, 04ｨ ｨｪ020900ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｪｨｮ06 ｨｺｨｪｨｨ00ｨｮ 0408, ｨｰｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｰ ｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｨ050609ｨｹ ｨｨ01 ｨｨ04ｨｲ07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴｨｨｨｬ 0108ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ02ｨｬ 09 ｨｬ ｨｨ05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺｨ ｨｬ ｨｹ06 ｨｪ ｨｮｨｴ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｪｨ 0402ｨｬｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪｨｨｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 0906ｨ ｨ ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｮ06ｨｴ02ｨｬ, 0708ｨｨ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨｨｨ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ0609 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｮｨｺ ｨｰ0906ｨｬ 00 ﾁｨｨｨｰｨ 05ｨｪ , 0102ｨｬ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨ 02ｨｨ07 05ｨｰｨｨｨｺ02ｨｰｨｨ080609ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｰ08ｨｮ ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ 05ｨ 07ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ05ｨ 09ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｬｨｪ02ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｨ ｨｪｨ 0708ｨ 09ｨｨｨｰｨｹ 08ｨ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺｨｰｨｨ09ｨｪ ｨｮ ｨｮｨｰｨｪ ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾂ00ｨｰ 03ｨｨ ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｨ ｨｪｨｺｨ 0708ｨｨ000601ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｮ000601ｨｨｨｦ ｨ ｨｨｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 01ｨｨｨｴｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ ｨ ｨ 06ｨｰ04 ｨ 0405ｨｨ ｨｪ ｨｪｨｰ07ｨ , 09 08ｨ 0400ｨ ｨｪｨｪ02ｨｦ ｨｬｨｨ0008ｨ 02ｨｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｨ 0108ｨｮ00ｨ 07 ｨｨｨｪ000608ｨｬｨ 02ｨｨ07 06 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｮｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪ04 09 ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｬ02 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ07 ｨｰ ｨ 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401, 06ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰ070300ｨｪｨｪ0401, ｨｮ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｺ , 09ｨｺ0506 ﾂｨ 06ｨｴｨｨ01 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨｮ06 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ0605ｨ 0609, ｨｬ ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨｪ ｨｰ08ｨｮ01ｨｪｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ09ｨ ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｨ 0904ｨ ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ 0609ｨｬ06ｨｰ ｨｰｨｪｨ 0102ｨ ｨｰｨｨ 06ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0401 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ , 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0401 ｨｪｨ 0707ｨｰｨｨ 08ｨ 04ｨｪ , ｨｰｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ05ｨｹｨｰｨ ｨｰ04 ｨｨ 06ｨ 09ｨｮ030102ｨｪｨｨ ｨｬ, 09 ｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ06ｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 0909ｨｰ0802 ﾂｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｪｨ ｨｺ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ ｨｨ 05ｨｰ06ｨｬ, ｨｪｨｰ08ｨ 05ｨｹｨｪ06ｨｦ ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｨ ｨｦ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ ｨ 05ｨ 01ｨ 06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ , ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｰ050609ｨｨｨｪ04, ｨｨｨｪ09ｨｺ06ｨｦ 09ｨｰ0207ｨｨ ｨC ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪ02 ｨ ｨｪ06 ｨｪｨｨ 0601ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨｨ 0302ｨｦ 07ｨｰｨｨ0204 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05. 2) ｨｮ02ｨｰ 06ｨｰｨｬ02ｨｰｨｨｨｰｨｹ, ﾂｨｰ06 09ｨｪｨｨ0302ｨｪｨｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 09ｨｰ090609ｨ 05ｨ 09ｨｮ01ｨ ｨ. 00 ｨｮ ｨｨ ﾂ00ｨｪｨｪ ｨｹ0200ｨ, ﾂｨ 09ｨｰ06ｨｰｨ ｨｮ09ｨｰｨ ｨｪ0609ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｬｨ ｨｺ09ｨｨｨｬｨ 05ｨｹｨｪｨ. 08ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402, ｨｮ , ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ0302 ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｪｨ ｨｴ02ｨｪ ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰ08ｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 09 ｨ 05ｨｨ04ｨｺ06 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｰｨ 0505ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ02ｨｪｨｰｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨC 05ｨｰ06 04ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ06 ｨｮ090205ｨｨ ﾂｨｨ09ｨ 02ｨｰ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ ｨ 0302ｨｪｨｨ07 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｺｨｰ0806ｨｰ06ｨｺ06ｨｬ ｨｨ01ｨｨｨｬ06ｨｬｨｮ, , ｨｰ06ｨｦ 0708ｨｨ ﾂｨｨｨｪ02 09ｨｬ0208ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨ ﾂｨｰｨｨ ｨ , ﾂ02ｨｬ ｨｪｨ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0401 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05. 2) ｨｬ02 ｨｰ060006, ｨｬ06ｨｴｨｪ0402 ｨｮ , ｨｬ0603ｨｪ06, ｨ ｨｨ090502ｨｺｨ ｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪ ｨｰｨｨ02 09 ｨｺｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨ09ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｮ ｨｪｨｹ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 06ｨｺｨ 04ｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｮ ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 01, 08ｨ ｨｪｨｪ , ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ ｨｺ06ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ0402 (ｨｰｨ ｨ 05. 3) ｨｪｨ 03ｨｨ01 ｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｨｨｦ 0609ｨｰｨ ｨｪｨｺｨｨ ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ01 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨ 0405ｨｨ 0708ｨ ｨｺｨｰｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｺｨｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺｨｨｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ, ｨ ｨｪ02ｨｺ06ｨｰ060804ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨｨ05ｨｨ 2ｨC4 07ｨｰｨｨ ｨｨ ｨｮ02ｨｬ06ｨｬ ｨｨ06ｨｪ02 05ｨｨ03ｨｹ ｨｺ08ｨ ｨｦｨｪ02 ｨｪ0204ｨｪｨ ﾂｨｨｨｰ0205ｨｹｨｪｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ ﾁｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｪ02 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0502ｨｪｨ ｨｨ 0706ｨｰ06ｨｬｨｮ ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｰ ｨ 0605ｨｹ0306ｨｦ 0607ｨ 09ｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｰ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06, 09 ｨｰ ｨｮ ﾂｨ 0701, ｨｺ060001ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0402ｨｬ0502ｨｪ04, 06ｨｪｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ 09ｨｪ04, ｨｺｨ ｨｺ ｨｨ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪ ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｺ080209ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰ ｨ 09ｨｪｨ 07 06ｨｬｨ 05ｨｺｨ ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｨ04 ｨｪｨｨ01 ｨｪｨ ｨｦ0102ｨｪ ｨｹｨｪ ｨｨｨｦ ｨｰ08ｨｮ07 ｨ ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨ. ﾁｨｰ06ｨ 04 ｨｪ02 ｨｮ ｨｪ07ｨｰｨｹ ｨｰｨ ｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｰｨｹ02, ｨｬ04 ｨｪ02 09ｨｰｨ 05ｨｨ ｨｰｨｹ 05ｨｰｨｨ ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ ｨｪｨｪ ｨ ｨｮ06 ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨ06, ｨ 0708ｨｨ ｨｨｨｪｨｨ05ｨｨ ｨｨ01 ｨｺ ｨｺｨ ｨｰ ｨｨｨｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0401 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ06ｨｬ 05ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｦｨｺｨ 05ｨｹ ｨ ｨｴｨ 07 ﾂｨ 09ｨｰｨｹ ｨｪｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｨｨｬ0202ｨｰ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨｴ00 ｨ ｨ 09ｨｪ04ｨｬｨｨ ｨｬ0600ｨｮｨｰ ｨ 04ｨｰｨｹ ｨｺ06ｨｪ ｨｰ090601ｨｺｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨｪｨ ｨｺ06ｨｬ070502ｨｺｨｰｨｪ0402 ｨｰ08ｨ ｨｪ ｨｬｨ ｨｰ0608ｨｪ ｨｰｨ ｨｪ02ｨｨｨｨ (080603), ｨ ｨｰｨ ｨｺ ｨ ｨｬｨｨ ｨ ｨｺｨｨ ｨ ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｹ 00ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｨ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨ ｨ 04ｨｪ06ｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨｪ09ｨｰ08ｨｮｨｺ02ｨｨｨｨ. Table 2. Rates of bird deaths through electrocution on poles of different construction ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨｪ02 04ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ0402 Wooden notearthed ｨｬ0203ｨｮｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ0402 (0601ｨｨｨｪ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ) One-post poles 0902ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨ 0402ｨｬ0500ｨｪｨｪ0402 / Concrete earthed 08ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402 (0109ｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ ) Two-posts poles (ｨｰ08ｨｨ 09ｨｰ0605ｨ ｨ ) Three-posts poles Number of poles in total 02ｨ ｨ ｨｪ Number of observed poles ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ01 07ｨｰｨｨ02 Number of electrocuted birds ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ ｨｮ Density of birds per pole

10 13Raptor Conservation Raptors Conservation 2011, ｨ ｨ ｨｨｨ 0205ｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ Table 3. Bird deaths through electrocution on observed power lines. 00ｨｨ01 / Species (01) Power line ｨ ﾂｨｪ06 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ0402 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ ｨｮ00ｨｨ (01 1ｨC9) Sampling observed concrete poles in other lines (1ｨC9) ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ Electrocuted in ｨｨｨ 03ｨｨ Electrocuted in ｨｰｨｨ02 Electrocuted birds in total ｨｰｨｨ02 (%) Portion of birds (%) ｨｰ06 ﾂｨｪ04ｨｦ ｨ ｨｰｨｪ04ｨｦ 05ｨｮｨｪｨｹ (Circus spilonotus) ｨｪ06ｨｪ0600ｨｨｨｦ ｨｺｨｮ0800ｨ ｨｪｨｪｨｨｨｺ (Buteo hemilasius) ｨｨｨｬｨｪ07ｨｺ (Buteo lagopus) ｨ 0506ｨ ｨ ｨｪ (Falco cherrug) ﾁ ｨｺ (Falco subbuteo) ｨｬｨｮ0809ｨｺｨｨｨｦ ｨｺ06ｨ ﾂｨｨｨｺ (Falco amurensis) ｨ 04ｨｺｨｪ060902ｨｪｨｪｨ 07 07ｨｮ09ｨｰ0205ｨｹ00ｨ (Falco tinnunculus) ｨｨ05ｨｨｨｪ (Bubo bubo) (Upupa epops) ｨｦ 09ｨｺ (Sturnus cineraceus) ｨｺｨ (Pica pica) ｨ ﾂ (Corvus frugilegus) ﾁ0008ｨｪｨ ｨｪｨ (Corvus corone) ｨｪ (Corvus corax) ｨｰｨｨ02 Birds in total ｨｰｨｨ02 (%) Portion of birds (%) ｨｨ ﾂ0209ｨｰ0906 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ Number of concrete poles * ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 1 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ Density of birds per concrete pole * ｨC 0004ｨ ﾂｨｪ06 06ｨ ｨ ｨｪｨｪ ｨｰ010205ｨｹｨｪ0402 ｨ ｨｪｨｺ0208ｨｪ0402 ｨｨ ｨｮ ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ * ｨC Sampling observed concrete two- and three-posts poles of the power lines. 0902ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪ = 491 Concrete poles in total = ｨｪ ｨｰｨｪ0609ｨｰｨｹ 07ｨｰｨｨ02 ｨｪｨ 1 ｨ 02ｨｰ06ｨｪｨｪｨｮ ｨｮ = 0,14 Middle density of birds per concrete pole = 0.14