イタリア投資セミナー

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1 "Italian Investment Seminar Taxes and Other Issues of M&A in Italy Tokyo, 6 th December 2016

2 イタリア投資セミナー イタリアの M&A 税制と留意点 2016 年 12 月 6 日東京

3 Contents Page 1. Introduction 5 2. Taxation M&A taxable transactions M&A neutral transactions Specific issues for M&A transactions Acquisition scenarios 53 3

4 目次 Page 1. はじめに 6 2. イタリアの法人税制の概要 M&Aにおける課税対象取引の概要 M&Aにおける課税対象外取引の概要 M&A 取引の税務上の留意点 ケーススタディー 54 4

5 1. Introduction

6 1. はじめに

7 Foreign investors Investments made in Italy by nationals of other European Union ("EU") Member States are not subject to any limitations and are treated in the same way as those made by Italian nationals. Foreign investments made by non-eu nationals are subject to the reciprocity condition: a foreigner may have the same rights as an Italian citizen if Italian citizens can carry out the same activities in the foreigner s country. Therefore, foreigners will enjoy the same rights that the national law of their own country allows to Italian citizens in that country. Moreover, certain authorizations/requirements may be necessary for investments in some industries and regulated sectors (e.g. telecommunications and banking/financial intermediation), both for the incorporation and the acquisition of a company. 7

8 外国人投資家 EU 加盟国に所在する外国法人がイタリアで投資を行う場合 いかなる規制の対象にもならず イタリア内国法人に よる投資と同様に取り扱われる EU 加盟国以外に所在する外国法人による投資は 相互主義 ( レシプロシティー ) 条件の対象になる: 外国法人は イタリア内国法人がその外国法人が所在する国において可能な活動について イタリア内国法人と同等の権利が認められる つまり 外国法人は 自国の法律がイタリア内国法人に認めるものと同じ権利をイタリアにて享受することが可能である 一部の業種および規制産業セクター ( テレコミュニケーション 銀行 金融仲介など ) への投資については 会社設立 や企業買収のいずれの場合も 特定の承認 要件が必要となる可能性がある 8

9 Company Law (1/5) General overview Foreign investors who intend to conduct commercial activities in Italy can choose from a wide range of legal entities that may be incorporated under Italian law, depending on the company s organizational model, its commercial objectives, the level of capital to be committed, extent of liability and tax and accounting implications. There are two main categories of legal entities: I. partnerships (società di persone), and II. companies (società di capitali). The most important difference between these is that partnerships assets and liabilities are only partially segregated from the assets and liabilities of their members, while companies assets and liabilities are completely segregated. 9

10 会社法 (1/5) 概要 イタリアで商業活動を行う外国人投資家は イタリア会社法の下で設立が認められるさまざまな法人形態の中から 組織モデル ビジネスの目的 資本水準 責任範囲 税務 会計上の影響などを勘案して選択することが可能である 主な法人形態は以下の2つ : I. パートナーシップ (società di persone) II. 会社 (società di capitali) 最も重要な違いとして パートナーシップの資産および負債はパートナーシップのメンバーの資産および負債から完全に分離されていないのに対し 会社の資産および負債は完全に分離されている 10

11 Company Law (2/5) General overview (Cont.) There are three different kinds of company that may be incorporated under Italian law: a) a joint-stock company (società per azioni or S.p.A.) in which the participants equity is represented by shares; b) a limited liability company (società a responsabilità limitata or S.r.l.) in which the capital stock is represented by quotas as opposed to shares; c) a partnership limited by shares (società in accomandita per azioni or S.a.p.a.) this combines features of both limited partnerships and joint-stock companies. It is a company in which at least one member has unlimited liability, while the liability of the remaining members is limited to the extent of their capital subscriptions. Apart from this difference, an S.a.p.a. is similar to an S.p.A. The basic principle governing the above types of companies is that only the company is liable with its assets for its obligations: the liability of the shareholders/quotaholders is therefore limited to the amount paid in, or to be paid in, as corporate capital. 11

12 会社法 (2/5) 概要 ( 続き ) イタリア会社法の下で設立可能な3 種類の会社形態 : a) 株式会社 (società per azioni または S.p.A.): 参加者の資本は株式で表される b) 有限会社 (società a responsabilità limitata または S.r.l.): 資本金は株式ではなく持分で表される c) 株式合資会社 (società in accomandita per azioni または S.a.p.a.): 有限責任パートナーシップと株式会社双方の特徴を併せ持ち 少なくとも1 名の無限責任パートナーと 責任が出資額までに限定されるその他のメンバーから構成される この違いを除き S.a.p.a. と S.p.A. は類似している 上記の会社に共通する基本原則として 会社はその資産に対して責任を負うもので すなわち 株主 持分保有者の責任範囲は 資本金としての払込金額に限定される 12

13 Company Law (3/5) Joint-stock companies (S.p.A.) The two key features of an S.p.A. are the limited liability of all its members and the division of the capital into shares. Upon formation, a joint-stock company requires minimum share capital of EUR 50,000.00, of which at least 25 percent (amounting to EUR 12,500) must be paid. For companies operating in specific fields (e.g. the insurance sector, banking, etc.) a higher amount of capital is required. Limited liability companies (S.r.l.) This form of company is the most widely used in Italy because of its organizational flexibility and limited liability. A limited liability company is suitable for companies with few quotaholders (even a sole quotaholder) and slim management structure. The minimum corporate capital for an S.r.l. is EUR 10,000.00, of which at least 25 percent (amounting to EUR 2,500) must be paid. 13

14 会社法 (3/5) 株式会社 (S.p.A.) S.p.A の 2 つの主な特徴は すべてのメンバーが有限責任であること 資本金が株式に分割されていること 株式会社の設立時に要求される最低資本金は 50,000 ユーロであり そのうち 少なくとも 25%(12,500 ユーロ ) の 払込が必要 特定の業種 ( 保険業 銀行業等 ) の会社についてはより高額の資本金が必要とされる 有限会社 (S.r.l.) 組織体としての柔軟性が高く 有限責任であることから イタリアで最も広く活用されている法人形態 少数の持分 保有者 (1 名でも可 ) で スリムなマネジメント体制の会社に適している 有限会社に求められる最低資本金は 10,000 ユーロで そのうち 少なくとも 25%(2,500 ユーロ ) の払込が必要 14

15 Company Law (4/5) The main steps in incorporating a company The main steps in the incorporation of an Italian company are as follows: 1. drafting the memorandum of association: this records essential information about the company (notarial deed); 2. drafting the articles of association: these contain rules for the operations and governance of the company (notarial deed); 3. registration with the local Value Added Tax ("VAT") office: the new company must apply for a VAT no. and tax code as soon as it has been incorporated; 4. acquiring tax codes for the directors: the members of the board of directors, if foreign, must request Italian tax codes; 5. registration in the Trade Register: the company acquires legal status after registration. The process of constituting an Italian company can take from 1 to 3 weeks. 15

16 会社法 (4/5) 会社設立の主な手続き イタリアでの会社設立における主な手続きは以下の通り : 1. 基本定款の作成 : 会社に関する基本的な情報を記載 ( 公正証書 ) 2. 通常定款の作成 : 会社の業務およびガバナンスに関するルールを記載 ( 公正証書 ) 3. 管轄区のVAT 事務所への登録 : 新会社は設立後ただちにVAT 番号と納税者番号の申請が必要 4. 取締役の納税者番号の取得 : 取締役会のメンバーが外国人の場合はイタリアの納税者番号が必要 5. 商業登記所への登録 : 会社は登記後に法人格を取得 イタリアの会社登録プロセスに要する期間は1~3 週間程度 16

17 Company Law (5/5) Representative offices and branches Foreign companies have the right to establish the following in Italy: a) one or more representative offices, and/or b) one or more branches. A representative office which is not a legal entity of a foreign company in Italy is characterized by a local presence to promote the company and its products/services and to perform other nonbusiness operations (from a tax point of view, if the representative office carries on a business activity such as selling goods, providing services, etc. it is considered a permanent establishment). A branch is an extension of the foreign entity and depends both administratively and economically on its headquarters. It uses the same name and legal form as the foreign company: it does not have its own internal governing body but is managed directly by the governing body of the foreign company, which appoints one or more permanent legal representatives (preposto/i), who are entrusted with the powers to manage and represent the branch before third parties. It does not have its own capital and is not required to draw up annual financial statements: a copy of the financial statements of the headquarters must be filed at the Trade Register. An annual report is only required in order to prepare the Italian income tax return. 17

18 会社法 (5/5) 駐在員事務所および支店 外国法人はイタリアにおいて以下のような法人形態を設立することが可能 : a) 1ヵ所またはそれ以上の駐在員事務所 b) 1ヵ所またはそれ以上の支店 駐在員事務所 : 現地法人ではなく 会社や製品 サービスの宣伝や市場調査などの非営利活動を行うための現地拠点 駐在員事務所が物品販売やサービス提供などの営利目的の活動を行った場合 税務上はPE( 恒久的施設 ) とみなされる 支店は 外国法人の一部で 管理上も経済的にも本社に依拠するもので 本国の会社と同一の名称や法的形態を用いる 独自のガバナンス体制を持たず 本社の直接の管理下にある 対外的には 本社から1 名またはそれ以上の常駐の代表者 (preposto/i) が任命され 第三者に対して支店の監督並びに代表責任を有する 支店は独自の資本金を持たず年次財務報告書の作成義務はない : 本社の財務諸表のコピーを商業登記所に提出する必要がある また 法人税申告書の作成のために 決算書が必要となる 18

19 M&A Transactions (1/2) General overview Generally, M&A transactions involving existing companies can be carried out through the following structures: I. share/quota deals involving the purchase of shares (S.p.A.) or quotas (S.r.l.); II. asset deals involving the purchase of some or all of the assets of the target. Share/quota deals and asset deals are not subject to general investment barriers, with the exception of the limitations described above for foreign investments. Moreover, when the turnover of the undertakings involved in the acquisition exceeds certain thresholds, the transactions are subject to the prior notification of: I. the Italian Competition Authority, and/or II. the European Commission. 19

20 M&A 取引 (1/2) 概要 一般的に 既存の会社に関するM&Aのトランザクション ( 取引 ) は以下のストラクチャーで実行可能 : I. 株式 (S.p.A.) または持分 (S.r.l.) の取得による株式 持分譲渡 II. 対象会社の資産の一部または全部の取得による資産譲渡 株式 持分譲渡および資産譲渡は通常の投資障壁の対象外 ( 前述の外国投資に関する制約を除く ) 買収関連事業の売上が一定の金額 ( スレッシュホールド ) を超える場合 その取引に関して以下への事前通知が必要となる : I. イタリア公正取引委員会 II. 欧州委員会 20

21 M&A Transactions (2/2) Share/quota deals In a share/quota deal, the purchaser succeeds as shareholder/quotaholder of the target. The purchaser becomes the owner of the legal entity and acquires the company s assets as well as all existing and potential liabilities and debts. It also takes over all the company s contracts, with all the related rights and obligations. The main benefit of a share/quota deal is that it involves fewer formalities than an asset deal and provides greater certainty of continuity for the underlying business, with the notable exception of the effects of any changes to the control provisions in agreements entered into by the target company. Asset deals In an asset deal, the purchaser acquires all the assets or certain business units of the target. It is important to define the object of the transaction (i.e. the assets, contracts, liabilities, workforces being transferred). In asset deals, the purchaser and the seller become jointly liable towards creditors (despite any agreements between the parties that say otherwise) for all the debts of the business unit shown in the accounting records. 21

22 M&A 取引 (2/2) 株式 持分譲渡 株式 持分譲渡においては 買収会社が対象会社の新たな株主 持分保有者となる 買収会社はその法人の所有者となり 会社の資産 既存または潜在的な負債と債務に加え 関連するすべての権利 義務と共にすべての契約を引き継ぐ 株式 持分譲渡の一番のメリットは 資産譲渡に比べて手続きが簡易的で 対象会社の事業の継続がより確実に見込まれることである ただし 対象会社が締結していた契約書に含まれるチェンジオブコントロール条項による影響は重要な不確定要素となる 資産譲渡 資産譲渡においては 買収会社が対象会社の全資産または特定の事業部門を取得する したがって 取引の対象を定義することが重要である ( 移転される資産 契約 負債 従業員等 ) 資産譲渡においては 当事者間による合意の内容にかかわらず 対象事業の帳簿上の全債務について買収会社と被買収会社が連帯して債権者に対し責任を負う 22

23 2. Taxation

24 2. イタリア法人税制 の概要

25 Taxation (1/3) The Italian corporate tax is generally made up of "Imposta sul reddito delle societa" ("IRES") and "Imposta Regionale sule Attiva Produttive" ("IRAP") IRES (Corporate income tax) Tax rate: 24% Taxable income: worldwide income for resident companies; income produced in Italy for non-resident companies Taxable base: statutory profit / loss before tax increased / decreased by positive / negative adjustments in accordance with tax regulations Applicable to: Italian corporations; Italian branches of non-resident companies; non-resident companies producing income in Italy IRAP (Regional income tax) Tax rate: at least 3.9% (up to 4.82%) Taxable income: income produced in each Italian regions Taxable base: gross operating margin less certain costs (e.g. labour and interest) Applicable to: Italian corporations and Italian branches of non-resident companies 25

26 イタリア法人税制の概要 (1/3) イタリアの法人税は 法人税 (IRES) と地方法人税 (IRAP) によって構成される 法人税 税率 :24% 課税所得の範囲 : 内国法人の場合は全世界所得 外国法人の場合は国内源泉所得である 課税標準額 : 会計上の税引前損益に税務調整を加減算した金額である 納税義務者 : 内国法人 外国法人のイタリア支店 恒久的施設を有さない外国法人でイタリアで課税対象の国内源泉所得を有する法人が対象である 地方法人税 税率 :3.9% から4.82% 課税所得の範囲 : 国内源泉所得である 課税標準額 : 営業損益額から一定の費用 ( 労務費や支払利息等の一部 ) を控除した金額である 納税義務者 : 内国法人および外国法人のイタリア支店が対象である 26

27 Taxation (2/3) The transfer of assets / shares / business units may be also subject to certain transfer taxes such as: VAT (Value Added Tax) Tax rate: ranging from 4% to 22% Applicable to: certain transfer of goods; certain rendering of services Registration Tax Tax rate: at fixed amount; at proportional rates depending on the deal (from 3% to 9%) Applicable to: certain transfer of assets / shares / business units Mortgage and Cadastral taxes Tax rate: at fixed amount; at proportional rates depending on the deal Applicable to: certain transfer of real estate assets 27

28 イタリア法人税制の概要 (2/3) 資産 株式 事業譲渡時に法人税および地方法人税以外に下記の税目につき課税が生じる可能性がある 付加価値税 税率 :4% から22% 課税対象 : 一定の資産の譲渡または役務提供登録免許税 税率 : 固定税額または取引金額に応じ一定税率 (3% から9%) 課税対象 : 一定の資産 株式 事業譲渡不動産抵当 登記税 税率 : 固定税額または取引金額に応じて一定税率 課税対象 : 一定の不動産の所有権移転 28

29 Taxation (3/3) From a tax perspective, M&A transactions may be classified as: Taxable transactions: Sale / Purchase of shares Sale / Purchase of business units Tax-neutral transactions: Mergers / Demergers Contributions in kind of business units 29

30 イタリア法人税制の概要 (3/3) 税務上の観点からは 企業合併 買収取引は以下の通りに大別される 課税対象取引 : 株式譲渡 譲受 事業譲渡 譲受課税対象外取引 : 合併および会社分割 現物出資 30

31 3. M&A taxable transactions

32 3.M&A における課税 対象取引の概要

33 M&A taxable transactions (1/3) Sale / Purchase of shares At the level of the seller: Sale of shares in a resident / non-resident company by an Italian company / branch - The capital gain is subject to IRES in Italy at the rate of 1.2% if Participation Exemption Regime ("PEX") applies, otherwise IRES is due at the standard rate of 24%. If shares were owned for at least 3 financial years prior to the transfer and PEX does not apply, the capital gain may be subject, upon election, to IRES in equal instalments over a period of up to 5 years Sale of shares in an Italian company by a non-resident company (no branch in Italy) - Qualified shares in listed / non-listed companies: the capital gain is 50.28% tax exempt. The difference is subject to IRES at the standard rate of 24%. The double tax treaties may apply. - Non-qualified shares in listed companies: the capital gain is tax exempt in Italy - Non-qualified shares in non-listed companies: the capital gain is subject to a substitute tax at 20% 33

34 M&A における課税対象取引の概要 (1/3) 株式譲渡 譲受譲渡法人 : 内国法人または外国法人イタリア支店による内国法人または外国法人株式の譲渡 - 資本参加免税の適用がある場合 : 株式譲渡益につき1.2% の法人税 (IRES) が課税される - 資本参加免税の適用がない場合 : 株式譲渡益につき標準税率の24% の法人税 (IRES) が課税される - 資本参加免税が適用されない場合において 譲渡対象株式を譲渡事業年度の3 事業年度以前から有している場合は 選択により 5 年間の分割課税が認められている 恒久的施設を有さない外国法人による内国法人株式の譲渡 - 適格の上場株式 / 非上場株式 : 株式譲渡益の50.28% が免税となり 課税対象額につき標準税率の24% の法人税 (IRES) が課税される なお 租税条約の適用をについて考慮する必要がある - 非適格の上場株式 : 株式譲渡益の全額が免税 - 非適格の非上場株式 : 株式譲渡益につき20% の代替税が課税される 34

35 M&A taxable transactions (2/3) At the level of the purchaser: Shares are recognised at price paid for the acquisition for both accounting and tax purposes. No stepup in the accounting/tax asset values of the acquired company is allowed due to the transfer, being the acquisition structured as a share deal rather than an asset deal The transfer is VAT exempt and subject to a registration tax of EUR 200 Furthermore in case of acquisition of shares in an S.p.A. (not in the case of acquisition of an S.r.l.), Financial Transaction Tax ("FTT") would apply. The standard FTT rate is 0.20% for over-the-counter transactions and 0.10% for transactions executed on recognized regulated markets or multilateral trading facilities. 35

36 M&A における課税対象取引の概要 (2/3) 譲受法人 : 株式譲受法人の会計および税務上の株式取得価額は 購入対価であり 資産譲渡ではなく株式譲渡であるため 株式譲渡法人の会計および税務上の資産 負債の時価への洗替えは生じない 付加価値税 (VAT) は免税であり 登録免許税として一律 200 ユーロが課税される また 株式会社 (S.p.A.) の株式の取得においては 金融取引税が適用される 金融取引税の標準税率は 0.20% で あり 店頭取引に対して適用される 一方で 取引所取引または国際流通市場取引については 0.10% の税率が適用さ れる 36

37 M&A taxable transactions (3/3) Sale / Purchase of business units At the level of the Italian seller (company / branch): The capital gain is subject to IRES at the standard rate of 24%. If the business unit was owned for at least 3 financial years prior to the transfer, the capital gain may be subject, upon election, to IRES in equal instalments over a period of up to 5 years At the level of the purchaser: Any assets / liabilities acquired are accounted for at their fair market value up to the consideration paid for the transfer for both accounting and tax purposes. The difference between the consideration paid and the fair market value of any assets / liabilities acquired may be accounted for as goodwill and depreciated for both accounting and tax purposes The transfer is outside the scope of VAT. However, the fair market value of any assets / liabilities acquired (including goodwill) is subject to registration tax at a standard rate of 3% (8% on real estate assets). Mortgage and cadastral taxes are due at a combined rate of up to 4% if real estate assets are involved 37

38 M&A における課税対象取引の概要 (3/3) 事業譲渡 譲受事業譲渡法人 : 事業譲渡益につき標準税率の24% の法人税 (IRES) が課税される 譲渡対象事業を譲渡事業年度の3 事業年度以前から有している場合は 選択により 5 年間の分割課税が認められている 事業譲受法人 : 事業譲受法人の会計および税務上の事業資産 負債の取得価額は 購入対価である 事業譲受資産 負債の購入対価と時価とが相違する場合は その差異は会計および税務上ののれんを構成し 譲受事業年度以降において毎期一定額の償却が可能である 付加価値税 (VAT) は課税対象外であるが 事業譲受資産 負債 ( のれんを含む ) につき標準税率の3%( 不動産は 8%) の登録免許税が課税される 事業譲受資産に不動産が含まれる場合は 不動産抵当 登記税が税率 4% の範囲内で一律に課税される 38

39 4. M&A taxneutral transactions

40 4. M&A における 課税対象外取引 の概要

41 M&A tax-neutral transactions (1/2) Mergers / Demergers At the level of the resulting Italian company No capital gains/losses may arise for tax purposes The tax value of assets / liabilities received remain the same those assets / liabilities had at the level of the receiving company and no step-up is allowed for tax purposes unless a substitutive tax is paid on the difference between the accounting values and the inherited tax value Specific rules apply to tax-deferred reserves, tax losses carried forward and non-deducted interest expenses carried forward as a result of the application of the Earning Stripping Rule ("ESR") Mergers / Demergers are outside the scope of VAT and subject to a fixed registration tax of EUR 200 as well as to mortgage and cadastral taxes at the fixed amount of EUR 200 each if real estate assets are involved 41

42 M&A における課税対象外取引の概要 (1/2) 合併 会社分割内国法人 : 原則として 譲渡損益は生じない 合併法人 分割承継法人は 被合併法人 分割法人の資産および負債の税務上の簿価を承継し 時価への洗替えは行わない ただし 会計上の評価額と相続税評価額との差異につき代替税を支払っている場合はこの限りではない 繰延税金資産 負債 繰越欠損金および控除未済利子の繰越額につき一定の制限規定がある 付加価値税 (VAT) は課税対象外であるが 登録免許税として一律 200ユーロが課税される また 譲受資産に不動産が含まれる場合は 不動産抵当 登記税として一律 200ユーロが課税される 42

43 M&A tax-neutral transactions (2/2) Contribution in kind of business units At the level of the contributing Italian company No capital gains / losses may arise for tax purposes The tax value of shares received in consideration for the contribution must be equal to the tax value of the business unit transferred In case of subsequent sale of these shares, PEX may apply At the level of the receiving company The tax value of assets / liabilities received remains the tax value these assets / liabilities had at the level of the contributing company If assets / liabilities received are recognised for accounting purposes at a different value no step-up is allowed for tax purposes unless a substitutive tax is paid The transfer is outside the scope of VAT and subject to a fixed registration tax of EUR 200 as well as to mortgage and cadastral taxes at the fixed amount of EUR 200 each if real estate assets are involved 43

44 M&A における課税対象外取引の概要 (2/2) 現物出資現物出資法人 原則として 譲渡損益は生じない 現物出資によって取得する株式の税務上の価額は 現物出資の対象となる事業資産 負債の税務上の簿価と同額である必要がある 仮に現物出資後にその株式を譲渡した場合には 資本参加免税の適用可能性がある 被現物出資法人 被現物出資法人は 現物出資法人の資産および負債の税務上の簿価を承継する ただし 会計上の評価額との差異につき代替税を支払っている場合は 時価への洗替えが認められる 付加価値税 (VAT) は課税対象外であるが 登録免許税として一律 200ユーロが課税される また 譲受資産に不動産が含まれる場合は 不動産抵当 登記税として一律 200ユーロが課税される 44

45 5. Specific issues for M&A transactions

46 5. M&A 取引の 税務上の留意点

47 Specific issues for M&A transactions (1/3) PEX (Participation Exemption Regime) Capital gains The capital gain realised from the disposal of shares held in an Italian / non-resident by an Italian company may be 95% IRES exempt if (i) shares have been held continuously for 12 entire calendar months prior to the disposal; (ii) shares are recorded as financial assets in the first financial statements of the parent company; (iii) the downstream company is a resident of a state or territory other than those listed by ministerial decree as tax havens and (iv) the downstream company performs a real business activity. The requirements under letters (iii) and (iv) must be met for an uninterrupted period of three years Capital losses The capital loss realised under PEX regime is non-deductible for tax purposes. Write-offs and revaluations of shareholdings are always disregarded for tax purposes Dividends Dividends received by an Italian company is 95% IRES exempt. The exemption applies to cash dividends as well as to distributions of dividend in kind Dividends paid by an Italian company to a non-resident company (no branch in Italy) are subject to the domestic withholding taxes ("WHT") at 27% (reduced rate 1.2%, provided that the beneficial owner of the dividends is a company that is subject to corporate income tax in another EU Member State, or in another State of the European Economic Area that allows an adequate exchange of information with the Italian tax authorities). EU parent-company directive may apply. 47

48 M&A 取引の税務上の留意点 (1/3) 資本参加免税 譲渡益 内国法人は 内国法人および外国法人株式の譲渡に起因して生じた譲渡益につき 以下の要件を満たす場合は譲渡益の 95% 相当額を法人税 (IRES) の計算上は益金不算入として処理しなければならない なお 下記の 3 および 4 の要件は 継続的に 3 年間充足する必要がある 1. 株式が譲渡前 12 ヵ月以上継続保有されていること 2. 取得事業年度において 株式が財務諸表上で投資有価証券として記載されていること 3. 投資対象先がタックスヘイブン国 ( 軽課税国 ) に所在していないこと 4. 投資対象先が実質的に事業活動を行っていること 譲渡損 譲渡損 減損損失 評価損失は税務上は損金不算入として取り扱われる 配当 内国法人が受け取る配当 ( 現物分配を含む ) については 法人税 (IRES) の計算上 95% 相当額を益金不算入として取り扱わなければならない 内国法人が恒久的施設を有しない外国法人に対して支払う配当については 27% の源泉所得税が課される ( 配当の受益者が 他の EU 加盟国の法人税の対象となる法人またはイタリア税務当局との適切な情報交換を可能にする欧州経済圏の他の地域の法人である場合には 減額率 1.2% を適用 ) また 受益者が EU 域内の法人であれば一定の要件を満たす場合に限って EU 親子指令の適用も可能である 48

49 Specific issues for M&A transactions (2/3) ESR (Earning stripping rules) Interest expenses net of any positive interest are deductible for IRES purposes only up to 30% of EBITDA for the year. Any excess of interest expenses not fully deducted in that year as well as any excess of EBITDA not fully utilized to deduct interest expenses accrued in that year can be carried forward indefinitely In case of Italian tax consolidation regime, any excess of interest expenses of a company can be used to offset the taxable income of other companies within the group up to the amount of 30% of their EBITDA for the year that has not been used to deduct its own interest expenses In case of mergers/demergers any excess of interest expenses carried forward can be used by the resulting companies if certain conditions are met 49

50 M&A 取引の税務上の留意点 (2/3) 過大支払利子税制 法人税 (IRES) の計算上 純支払利子の損金算入限度額はEBITDAの30% 相当額である 損金算入限度額を超える控除未済利子は 翌年度以降使用可能であり また無期限で繰越が可能である 連結納税の場合 一の法人の控除未済利子は連結法人間のEBITDAの30% 以内であれば 他の法人の課税所得と通算することが可能である 一定の要件を満たす場合は 合併 分割で引き継がれた控除未済利子を合併法人 分割承継法人において使用することが可能である 50

51 Specific issues for M&A transactions (3/3) Depreciation of goodwill Goodwill may be depreciated for tax purposes only if it was acquired in a purchase of an existing business and a price was paid for it (e.g. goodwill arising from M&A tax-neutral transactions is not deductible for tax purposes unless it is stepped up by paying the substitute tax) Depreciation for tax purposes is allowed in 18 years straight-line In the case of companies accounting under IFRS, the depreciation of goodwill is allowed under the same rules even if the asset cannot be depreciated for accounting purposes 51

52 M&A 取引の税務上の留意点 (3/3) のれん償却 対価を支払って既存事業の買収を行う場合に限り 税務上 のれんの償却を認めている 一方 税制適格合併 会社分割 現物出資時に計上されたのれんに係る償却は税務上 損金算入が認められないが代替税を支払っている場合はこの限りではない のれんは定額法により18 年間で均等償却される IFRSを適用している場合においては 会計上はのれんの償却が認められなくても 税務上はのれんの償却が可能である 52

53 6. Acquisition scenarios

54 6. ケーススタディー

55 1 st scenario Direct acquisition from Japan

56 Case1 日本からの直接投資

57 1 st scenario Direct acquisition from Japan (1/2) Investment structure 1 st scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Description Under the first scenario, Japanese Hold Co' will directly acquire the 100% interest of Italian Target. Italian tax implications A. Acquisition of Italian Target The sale and purchase of the entire corporate capital of Italian Target would be governed by a shares sale and purchase agreement and the transfer would be implemented through the execution by Japanese Hold Co' of a notarial deed of transfer of the shares. The acquisition of the Italian Target shares is subject to Italian registration tax in the fixed amount of EUR 200. Should the Italian Target set up as Corporation ("S.p.A. - Società per azioni"), Italian FTT applies. FTT applies on the value of the transaction (the net daily balance of transactions on the same financial instrument executed by the same subject), or the consideration paid for each trade. FTT is due by the final purchaser. 57

58 Case1 日本からの直接投資 (1/2) 投資ストラクチャー Case1 概要 日本の持株会社がイタリア対象会社の株式 100% に対して直接投資する 日本の持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 イタリアの課税上の取扱い A. イタリア法人の株式取得イタリア対象会社の株式すべての譲渡および取得は 株式譲渡契約に基づき実行される 株式の移転は 日本の持株会社による公正証書の執行により実行される イタリア対象会社の株式取得に対しては一律 200ユーロの登録免許税が課される また イタリア対象会社が株式会社 (S.p.A.) に該当する場合には 金融取引税が適用される 金融取引税は取引対価または取引価額に対して適用され 買主が納税義務を負う 58

59 1 st scenario Direct acquisition from Japan (2/2) Investment structure 1 st scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Italian Target The standard FTT rate is 0.20% for over-the-counter transactions and 0.10% for transactions executed on recognized regulated markets or multilateral trading facilities. B. Dividends Domestic dividends are not subject to WHT On the contrary cross border dividends are subject to withholding taxes based on internal law provisions (standard rate is equal to 27%). The said standard WHT rate can be reduced by applying the reduced WHT rates provided for by the Italy-Japan double tax treaty ("DTT") or the full exemption granted by EU directives. Based on the DTT dividends shall be taxed in the State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident (i.e. in Italy), and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so charged shall not exceed: (i) 10% of the gross amount of the dividends if the Japanese Hold Co' owns at least 25% of the share capital of the Italian Target or (ii) 15% in all other cases. 59

60 Case1 日本からの直接投資 (2/2) 投資ストラクチャー Case1 日本の持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 金融取引税の標準税率は0.20% であり 店頭取引に対して適用される 一方で 取引所取引または国際流通市場取引については0.10% の税率が適用される B. 配当内国法人間の配当の支払いについては 源泉所得税は課されない 一方で 国外に対して支払われる配当については 国内法に基づき源泉所得税が課される ( 標準税率は27%) 租税条約またはEU 親子会社指令の適用により源泉所得税率が軽減または免除されることがある 日伊租税条約に基づき配当を支払う法人がイタリアの居住者であり 配当の受益者が日本の居住者である場合には イタリアは国内法にしたがって源泉所得税を課すことができるが その税額は 次を超えないものとする (i) 配当を受ける法人が 配当に係る事業年度の終了日に先だつ6ヵ月の期間を通じて株式の25% を所有する場合には 配当金額の10% 相当額 (ii) その他の場合には 配当金額の15% 相当額 60

61 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle

62 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資

63 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle (1/5) Investment structure 2 nd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Shareholder loan Description Under the second scenario, the Transaction should be structured as follows: Step 1: Japanese Hold Co' will incorporate an Italian company ("Intermediate HoldCo'"); Step 2: Japanese HoldCo' will capitalise Intermediate HoldCo'; and alternatively or in combination with; Step 3: Intermediate HoldCo' will be financed for the acquisition of Italian Target through intercompany loans (ie. shareholder's loan) or through a bank loan from third party lenders; Step 4: Intermediate HoldCo' will acquire the 100% interest of Italian Target; Step 5: Intermediate HoldCo' would be merged by absorption into Italian Target. Italian tax implications A. Step 1: Japanese Hold Co' will incorporate Intermediate HoldCo' The incorporation of Intermediate HoldCo' does not trigger relevant tax implications in Italy. 63

64 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資 (1/5) 投資ストラクチャー Case2 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 株主ローン 概要 Case2 における取引のストラクチャー ステップ 1: 日本の持株会社がイタリアの中間持株会社を設立 ステップ2: 日本の持株会社が中間持株会社に出資する ( または日本の持株会社から中間持株会社への出資と併せて ) ステップ 3: 中間持株会社がグループ法人間ローン ( 例 : 株主ローン ) または第三者からの銀行ローンによりイタリア対象会社の買収資金を調達 ステップ 4: 中間持株会社がイタリア対象会社の 100% 持分を取得 ステップ 5: 中間持株会社がイタリア対象会社に吸収合併される イタリアの課税上の取扱い A. ステップ 1: 日本の持株会社が中間持株会社を設立 中間持株会社の設立について イタリアにおける課税はない 64

65 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle (2/5) Investment structure 2 nd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Shareholder loan The set up of Intermediate HoldCo', to be performed in front of a Notary, is subject to a EUR 200 registration tax. Funding necessary to acquire Italian Target will be injected after the incorporation and before closing. B. Step 2: Japanese Hold Co' will capitalise Intermediate HoldCo' Assuming that Japanese Hold Co' will inject equity into Intermediate HoldCo' it has to be considered that most of the equity increase in Intermediate HoldCo' could be allocated to capital reserves. Capital duty (EUR 200) is payable on the equity increases into Intermediate HoldCo'. Intermediate HoldCo' could benefit from Allowance for corporate equity ("ACE") in connection with the equity increase, pro-rated for the year of acquisition. ACE will grant a notional interest deduction from Intermediate HoldCo' taxable income for IRES purposes equal in 2016 to 4.75% of the capital increase would be available. After 2016, the notional yield will be determined annually by a Ministerial Decree based on the yields on Italian treasury bonds and could be increased to compensate for higher business risk. For fiscal year 2017, ACE rate will be 2,3%. Unutilized ACE benefit can be carried forward with no time limitation and it is rolled up over years. 65

66 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資 (2/5) 投資ストラクチャー Case2 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 株主ローン 公証人の立会いによる中間持株会社の設立について 200 ユーロの登録免許税が課される イタリア対象会社の買収に必要な資金調達は会社設立後 かつ クロージング前に実施する B. ステップ 2: 日本の持株会社が中間持株会社に出資 日本の持株会社が中間持株会社に資本注入する場合 中間持株会社の資本金増加額のほとんどは資本準備金に配分されると考える必要がある 中間持株会社における資本金増加に対して登録免許税 (200 ユーロ ) が課される 中間持株会社の資本金増加に関して みなし利息控除 ( 買収実施年度の期間相当額 ) が適用される可能性あり 中間持株会社の法人税 (IRES) の算定上 課税所得に対して 2016 年度は増資額の 4.75% のみなし利息控除が認められる 2016 年以降のみなし利子率は 毎年のイタリア国債の利回りに基づき省令で定められることになっており ビジネスリスクの上昇を補正するために引き上げられる可能性がある 2017 年度 みなし利子率は 2.3% の見込み 未使用のみなし利息控除額は無期限に繰延可能であり 毎年累積される 66

67 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle (3/5) Investment structure 2 nd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Shareholder loan C. Step 3: Intermediate HoldCo' will be financed for the acquisition of Italian Target through intercompany loans (ie. shareholder's loan) or through a bank loan from third party lenders Alternatively to (or in combination with) a capital injection, Intermediate HoldCo' could be funded also with debt to be made available under the following alternatives options: - shareholder loan granted by Japanese Hold Co', or - a loan from an Italian resident bank or from an Italian branch of foreign bank. Shareholder loan must be interest bearing and with interests set at an arm s length rate, subject to transfer pricing rules. Shareholder loan Interest payable to Japanese Hold Co' should be deductible under Italian ESR, providing that net interest can be deducted up to 30% of borrower s EBITDA. A 27% WHT is in principle due on interest paid by Intermediate HoldCo' to its shareholder, reduced to 10% according to the DTT between Italy and Japan. 67

68 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資 (3/5) 投資ストラクチャー Case2 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 株主ローン C. ステップ 3: 中間持株会社がグループ法人間ローン ( 株主ローン ) または第三者からの銀行ローンによりイタリア対象会社の買収資金を調達 出資の代わりに ( または出資と併せて ) 中間持株会社は以下のいずれかの方法で資金調達が可能 - 日本の持株会社からの株主ローン - イタリアの銀行または外国銀行のイタリア支店からのローン 株主ローンは利付きで その利率は移転価格規則に準拠し独立企業間取引価格で設定される必要がある 株主ローン 日本の持株会社へ支払われる利息はイタリアの過大支払利子税制の下で損金算入可能 ( 純支払利子額については借手の EBITDA の 30% まで ) 通常 中間持株会社から株主へ支払われる利息には 27% の源泉税が課されるが 日伊租税条約により 10% が上限とされている 68

69 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle (4/5) Investment structure 2 nd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Shareholder loan Interest due on intercompany loans or intercompany financial guarantee must be set at an arm's length value following OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines. Bank loan As an alternative to a shareholder loan, Intermediate HoldCo' may enter into a loan issued by an Italian resident bank or by an Italian branch of a foreign bank (most likely conditioned to Japanese Hold Co' guarantee). As to interests tax deduction, also third party debt (including Bank debts) fall within the ESR as well. No WHT applies on interest payments to Italian resident banks or Italian branches of non Italian resident banks. D. Step 4: Intermediate HoldCo' will acquire the 100% interest of Italian Target The sale and purchase of the entire corporate capital of Italian Target would be governed by a shares sale and purchase agreement and the transfer would be implemented through the execution by Intermediate HoldCo' of a notarial deed of transfer of the shares. See P.57 and P.59 for the registration tax and FTT implication. 69

70 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資 (4/5) 投資ストラクチャー Case2 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 株主ローン グループ法人間ローンまたはグループ法人間債務保証に係る利息は OECD の移転価格ガイドラインに従い 独立企業間取引価格で設定される必要がある 銀行ローン 株主ローンの代わりに 中間持株会社はイタリアの銀行または外国銀行のイタリア支店から借り入れることが可能 ( ただし日本の持株会社の保証が求められる可能性が高い ) 利息の損金算入については 第三者からの借入 ( 銀行借入を含む ) も過大支払利子税制の対象となる イタリアの銀行または外国銀行のイタリア支店への支払利息については源泉税は課されない D. ステップ 4: 中間持株会社がイタリア対象会社の 100% 持分を取得 イタリア対象会社の株式すべての譲渡および取得は 株式譲渡契約に基づき実行される 株式の移転は 中間持株会社による公正証書の執行により実行される 株式取得時に係る登録免許税および金融取引税の影響については P58 および P60 を参照 70

71 2 nd scenario Acquisition through an Italian vehicle (5/5) Investment structure 2 nd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Shareholder loan E. Step 5: Intermediate HoldCo' would be merged by absorption into Italian Target Intermediate HoldCo' would be merged by absorption into Italian Target (downstream merger). The downstream merger of Intermediate HoldCo' into Italian Target would be in principle neutral for tax purposes (i.e. it does not trigger the realization of capital gains or losses - if any - on the assets and liabilities transferred). Accordingly, the assets transferred to the absorbing entity maintain the same basis they had in the absorbed entity for corporate taxes purposes. In principle, in case of a merger by absorption, tax losses carried forward by the companies participating to the merger (i.e. Intermediate HoldCo' and Italian Hold Co') can be utilized by the absorbing company if specific "vitality tests" are met. Italian tax group As an alternative to the merger, Intermediate HoldCo' and Italian Target could consider to opt for the application of the Italian tax group allowing Intermediate HoldCo' and Italian Target to form a single tax basis for corporation tax purposes (ie. IRES). 71

72 Case2 イタリアを通じた間接投資 (5/5) 投資ストラクチャー Case2 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 株主ローン E. ステップ5: 中間持株会社がイタリア対象会社に吸収合併される 中間持株会社がイタリア対象会社に吸収合併される ( 逆さ合併 ) 原則として 中間持株会社からイタリア対象会社への逆さ合併において課税は生じない ( 譲渡資産および負債に係る譲渡損益は生じない ) そのため 合併法人に移転した資産および負債の税務上の簿価は 被合併法人における税務上の簿価となる 一般的に 吸収合併の場合 合併当事者 ( 中間持株会社およびイタリア対象会社 ) の繰越欠損金は 一定の要件を満たせば 合併法人において利用可能である イタリアの連結納税合併の代替案として 中間持株会社およびイタリア対象会社を1つの課税対象法人とする連結納税 ( 法人税 (IRES)) の適用も可能である 72

73 3 rd scenario - Acquisition through an already existing European affiliate

74 Case3 EU 加盟国を通じた間接投資

75 3 rd scenario - Acquisition through an existing EU affiliate (1/2) Investment structure 3 rd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target Description Under the third scenario, Japanese Hold Co' will acquire the 100% interest of Italian Target through an already EU Affiliate (ie. resident in Germany). The acquisition is expected to be funded by equity and debt financing. Italian tax implications A. Acquisition of Italian Target The sale and purchase of the entire corporate capital of Italian Target would be governed by a shares sale and purchase agreement. Transfer would be implemented through the execution by Intermediate HoldCo' of a notarial deed of transfer of the shares. See P.57 and P.59 for the registration tax and FTT implication. B. Dividends Cross border dividends are subject to WHT based on internal law provisions (standard rate: 27%; reduced rate 1.2%, provided that the beneficial owner of the dividends is a company that is subject to corporate income tax in another EU Member State, or in another State of the European Economic Area that allows an adequate exchange of information with the Italian tax authorities). 75

76 Case3 EU 加盟国を通じた間接投資 (1/2) 投資ストラクチャー Case3 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリア対象会社 概要 Case3 では 日本の持株会社が EU 域内に既に存在する法人 ( 例えばドイツ居住法人 ) である中間持株会社を通じてイタリア対象会社株式の 100% を取得する この取得は 株式出資およびローンによって資金を調達する予定である イタリアの課税上の取扱い A. イタリア法人の株式取得 イタリア対象会社の株式すべての譲渡および取得は 株式譲渡契約に基づき実行される 株式の移転は 中間持株会社による公正証書の執行により実行される 株式取得時に係る登録免許税および金融取引税の取扱いについては P58 および 60 を参照 B. 配当 国外への配当は 国内法に基づき源泉所得税の対象となる ( 標準税率 : 27% 配当の受益者が 他の EU 加盟国の法人税の対象となる法人またはイタリア税務当局との適切な情報交換を可能にする欧州経済圏の他の地域の法人である場合には 減額率 1.2% を適用 ) 76

77 3 rd scenario - Acquisition through an existing EU affiliate (2/2) Investment structure 3 rd scenario Japanese HoldCo' 100% Intermediate HoldCo' 100% Italian Target However, if the foreign parent is a EU resident company, no WHT are levied on dividends distributed by the Italian subsidiary, provided that the requirements indicated in the EU Parent-Subsidiary Directive are met. In order to benefit from the Directive protection the following conditions must be met: a) both the parent and the subsidiary have to be incorporated under one of the form provided for in the Directive; b) he parent is subject to corporate tax in a Member state without any exemption or limitation; and c) the parent has held at least 10% of the capital of the subsidiary for a period of at least 1 year. Substance (Beneficial owner test) is essential to support the application of Parent Subsidiary Directive. Disposal of Italian Target Should Intermediate HoldC' qualify for DTT benefits, capital gains from the disposal of the interest in Italian Target are exempt from Italian taxation and only subject to tax in the other EU State (Germany) according to local rules. 77

78 Case3 EU 加盟国を通じた間接投資 (2/2) 投資ストラクチャー Case3 日本の持株会社 100% 中間持株会社 100% イタリアの対象会社 ただし 外国親法人が EU 居住法人である場合 EU 親子会社指令に規定された要件が満たされている場合には イタリア子会社からの配当に対して源泉所得税は課されない その指令による恩典を受けるには 以下の条件を満たす必要がある : a) 親法人と子法人の両方が 指令に規定されたいずれかの形式に基づいて設立されている ; b) その親法人がいかなる免除または制限なしに加盟国の法人税の対象となっている ; そして c) 親法人は子法人の資本金の少なくとも 10% を少なくとも 1 年間保有している 実体テスト ( 実質所有者テスト ) は 親子会社指令の適用を裏付けるために不可欠である イタリア対象法人の売却 中間持株会社が租税条約の適用を受ける場合 イタリア対象法人の株式譲渡から生じる譲渡益は イタリア税務上免税となり 他の EU 加盟国の国内法に基づき 他の EU 加盟国 ( ドイツ ) においてのみ課税される 78

79 Thank you

80 Thank you

81 Fabio Avenale Partner, Tax KPMG in Italy T: E: Tomonori Tsuda Manager KPMG Tax Corporation T: E: Chohwi Kim Manager, Global Japanese Practice KPMG in Italy T: kpmg.com/socialmedia The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular individual or entity. Although we endeavor to provide accurate and timely information, there can be no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or that it will continue to be accurate in the future. No one should act on such information without appropriate professional advice after a thorough examination of the particular situation Studio Associato - Consulenza legale e tributaria, an Italian professional partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International The KPMG name and logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International.

82 ファビオ アベナーレ税務部門パートナー KPMG イタリア T: E: 津田智規マネジャー KPMG 税理士法人 T: E: 金初禧グローバルジャパニーズプラクティスマネジャー KPMG イタリア T: kpmg.com/socialmedia ここに記載されている情報はあくまで一般的なものであり 特定の個人や組織が置かれている状況に対応するものではありません 私たちは 的確な情報をタイムリーに提供するよう努めておりますが 情報を受け取られた時点及びそれ以降においての正確さは保証の限りではありません 何らかの行動を取られる場合は ここにある情報のみを根拠とせず プロフェッショナルが特定の状況を綿密に調査した上で提案する適切なアドバイスをもとにご判断ください 2016 Studio Associato - Consulenza legale e tributaria, an Italian professional partnership and a member firm of the KPMG network of independent member firms affiliated with KPMG International The KPMG name and logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of KPMG International.

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