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- あいと こやぎ
- 6 years ago
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1 Abstract We assumed that a million electric vehicles will be introduced in Indonesia in 2028 and considered the impact on the electric supply structure. Our findings are the following : 1Assuming that electric demand in 2028 will increase about three times as much as that in 2006, there will be many more coal - fired power stations because of coal s cheap cost although average electricity cost will be lowered to US cents/kwh from 9.1 US cents/kwh.as a result, CO 2 emissions will increase accordingly. 2However, a proposed 4,000 MW nuclear power station would mitigate this impact to some extent by substituting for fossil fuel powered plants. 3After the introduction of a million electric vehicles, an additional 2,000 MW will be necessary for night charging.most of the electricity will be supplied by increased utilization of coal - fired power stations.no new plants would have to be built to charge the batteries. CO 2 emissions will decrease as electric vehicles are introduced.on the other hand, CO 2 emissions will increase due to more coal - fired power stations, which will end up having a greater impacts on the environment in Indonesia CO 2 EV : Electric Vehicle PHEV : Plug - in Hybrid Electric Vehicle CO 2 19
2 EV PHEV EV 2. Meier and Munasinghe 1993 CO 2 SO x NO x 2008 Bernow CO 2 SO x SO x 3 Markandya1990 Rafaj MARKAL - SO x NO x CO 2 SO x NO x CO 2 EVPHEV Yamaji et al 2008 PHEV % 80% PHEV 2006 PHEV PHEV 8,000 PHEV 96 km PHEV 793 kwh 30,000 MW 20
3 EPRI2001PHEV 50% NO x CO 2 Uhrig2005PHEV 50-75% 200 1,000 MWe substation ORNL Review 2008 PHEV PHEV pm 5 pm 10 pm 5 PHEV PHEV GTCCGT MFO Marine Fuel OilHSD High Speed Diesel ,000 MW 2 IPP 10,000 MW PLN
4 79 1 : PLTU Steam Power PlantPLTP Geothermal PlantPLTGU Combined Cycle Power Plant PLTG Gas Turbine Power PlantPLTD Diesel Power PlantPLTA Hydro Power Plant : JICA MW Mw % MWh % CO 2 CO 2 % USD/ KW USD USC/ USC/ % KWh KWh USC/ KWh PLTA 2, % E06 4.6% % 40 3, , PLTD % E05 0.1% % 25 1, , PLTG 2, % E06 5.3% % , PLTGU 4, % E % % , PLTN E % 40 3, , PLTP % E06 4.9% % 30 2, , PLTU 11, % E % % 30 1, , PST E % , , E : Fuel Oil 2 : 10% 3 : : PLTU Steam Power PlantPLTP Geothermal PlantPLTGU Combined Cycle Power Plant PLTG Gas Turbine Power PlantPLTD Diesel Power PlantPLTA Hydro Power Plant : CO 2 12 CO 2 2 3,400 MW3, 20 MW 6,000 MW KV KV 22
5 : : PLN : Perusahaan Umum Listric Negara PERSERPNGO : Non - Governmental Organization PLN EMSA ASEAN 4 GAIKINDO % , , GAIKINDO ) 2002 EMSAElectricity Market Supervisory Agency EMSA 2) GAIKINDO
6 79 1 : 3 : , % 100 3) GAIKINDO EV EV 0.6%~15% EV Electromobility - Development - Plan.pdf
7 : GAIKINDO : (2028 1,000 EV 5,9008.6% 1, % PHEV 5,0007.3% 15, % 26, % 68,700100% 48,444100% 1 : EV EV EV PHEV PHEV HV HV NGV 2 : 10% GAIKIN- DO 10~12 20 : 21 5 GAIKINDO Magori, H. et al.,
8 79 1 : : 7 LDC : Load Duration Curve 6 26
9 2005 bestmix : + Generator EV CO 2 CO LDC % ,000 MW 2 Matenggeng Gurindulu 1 : JICA
10 Capital Cost % $/kw Capital cost $/kw USC/kWh D F Total O & M : USD/ Wh O & M : $/MWh PLTA ,500-3,000 3, PLTD HSD ,200 1, HSD MFO PLTG HSD/GAS / PLTG HSD PLTG GAS PLTGU CCGT GAS/HSD , / PLTGU CCGT HSD , PLTP 90 1,500-2, ,776 2, PLTU Steam MFO 65 1,200-1, PLTU Steam COAL 85 1,300-2, ,037 1, PLTU Steam COAL 85 1,300-2, ,425 2, PLTU Steam GAS/MFO 75 1,150-1, / PLTGU LNGCCGT LNG PLTN 80 3, ,637 3, PS PS PS : Capital Costs$/kw 2 : JICA 20 Construction Data 3 : Capital Cost 600 MW 1,481$/kw1,000 MW 2,036$/KW 4 : PLTPPLTUGPLTUPLTGPLTN JICA 2008 : JICA LDC EV 100 LDC Battery capacity 24 kwh 5 1 km 0.15 kwh =24 kwh/160 km EV 75% 1 km 0.2 kwh/km= 1 50 km 10 kwh 365 3,650 kwh 100 EV 100 3,650 kwh=3,650,000 MWh ,825 3,650,000/1,8252,000MW 5 2,000 MW 1 : 00-6 : ,000 MW 9 EVPHEV 1 : 00-6 : 00 charging station New York ISO 2009 PHEV Daily Charging Availability Profile 1 : 00-6 : 00 28
11 4 100 MW 24 kwh km % 1 km 50 km km kwh 0.2= / : 50 km 10 kwh/day MW 0.2 kwh50 km / =2,000 MW 6.4 kw 100 =2,000 MW : km 1 50 km : : BAUBusiness As Usual scenario : 9EV n1.htm
12 : 2 : EVPHEV 3 : 4 : : PLTN Mw % MWh % CO CO 2 % USD/ KW USD USC/ % KWh USC/ PLTA 1, % E07 3.7% % 40 3, , PLTD % 25 1, , PLTG % E % % , PLTGU 3, % E06 1.4% % , PLTN 4, % E07 7.6% % 40 3, , PLTP 1, % E07 3.5% % 30 2, , PLTU 50, % E % % 30 1, , PST % E % % , , % E08 100% 2, % 6.1 : 1 : 1 KWh USC/ KWh : 1 2 LNG 30
13 Mw % MWh % CO CO 2 % USD/ KW USD USC/ % KWh USC/ PLTA 1, % E07 3.7% % 40 3, , PLTD % 25 1, , PLTG % E % % , PLTGU 6, % E07 3.8% % , PLTN , , PLTP 1, % E07 3.5% % 30 2, , PLTU 50, % E % % 30 1, , PST % E % % , , % E08 100% % 6.2 : 1 : 1 KWh USC/ KWh : EV 7 3 Mw % MWh % CO 2 CO 2 % USD/ KW USD USC/ % KWh USC/ KWh USC/ KWh PLTA 1, % E07 3.7% % 40 3, , PLTD % 25 1, , PLTG % E % % , PLTGU 3, % E06 1.4% % , PLTN 4, % E07 7.5% % 40 3, , PLTP 1, % E07 3.4% % 30 2, , PLTU 50, % E % % 30 1, , PST % E % % , , % E08 100% 2, % 6.1 : 1 : : EV 2 EV CO 2 CO MWMWh CO CO 2 31
14 Mw % MWh % CO 2 CO 2 % USD/ KW USD USC/ % KWh USC/ KWh USC/ KWh PLTA 1, % E07 3.7% % 40 3, , PLTD % 25 1, , PLTG % E % % , PLTGU 6, % E07 3.8% % , PLTN , , PLTP 1, % E07 5.2% % 30 2, , PLTU 50, % E % % 30 1, , PST % E % % , , % E08 100% % 6.2 : 1 : 1 : PLTU Steam Power PlantPLTP Geothermal PlantPLTGU Combined Cycle Power Plant PLTG Gas Turbine Power PlantPLTD Diesel Power PlantPLTA Hydro Power Plant : JICA MW 32
15 : PLTU Steam Power PlantPLTP Geothermal PlantPLTGU Combined Cycle Power Plant PLTG Gas Turbine Power PlantPLTD Diesel Power PlantPLTA Hydro Power Plant : JICA MWh : PLTU Steam Power PlantPLTP Geothermal PlantPLTGU Combined Cycle Power Plant PLTG Gas Turbine Power PlantPLTD Diesel Power PlantPLTA Hydro Power Plant : JICA CO
16 CO 2 CO 2 1,000 EV 1,000 1,000 1,000 EV 1,000 1, , , ,2 BAU : ,4 EV 48, , ,444 1,000 47, : IPCC Defalt 74.1 kg - CO 2 /TJ 74.1 g - CO 2 /MJ Litre 74.1 g - CO MJ=2,546 gco 2 /Litre=2.55 kg/ Litre 2.55 kg - CO 2 /litre EV CO kg - CO 2 /kwh kwh kg - CO 2 /kwh : - nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_volume2/v2_2_ch2_stationary_combustion.pdf Table 2.2Fuel type Gas/Diesel Oil HSDMFO CO LDC LDC MW 22,655 63,175 63,175 63,173 62,565 TWh CO kwh
17 11 Name Full name Type Fuel type MWh MWh MWh 22 GT145 Muara Tawar PMT MTWAR Ne PLTG HSD E E04 23 GT Cilegon BBG CLGON PLTG GAS E E05 30 CC - GRT Grati Grati PLTUG HSD E E04 31 CC - MT Muara Tawar MTWAR PLTUG GAS/HSD E E04 64 MKR2 M. Karang #4#5 200 MW PLTG GAS E E04 65 MKR3 M. Karang PLTGU LNG E E05 66 MKRR M. Karang Repowering 2011 PLTGU LNG E E06 68 PRK2 T. Priok Block I & II PLTGU LNG E E05 69 PRK3 T. Priok #1 & #3 26 MW PLTG GAS E E03 70 PRKE T. Priok Extension 2012 PLTGU LNG E E06 71 MTR1 M. Tawar Block I PLTGU LNG E E05 72 MTR2 M. Tawar #2.1# MW PLTG GAS E E04 73 MTR3 M. Tawar #3.1# MW PLTG GAS E E04 74 MTRR M. Tawar Repowering 2011 PLTGU LNG E E05 77 CLND IPP Cikarang Listrindo 150 MW PLTG GAS E E04 78 CLGN Cilegon 740 MW PLTGU LNG E E06 89 SRG1 Sunyaragi #1 $ # MW PLTG GAS E E03 90 SRG2 Sunyaragi #3 $ # MW PLTG GAS E E03 99 TBK1 Tambak Lorok Block I & II PLTGU LNG E E05 98 CLC1 Cilacap #1 & #2 29 & 26 MW PLTG GAS E E GSK1 Gresik Block III PLTG E E GSK2 Gresik #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E GRT1 Grati Block I PLTGU LNG E E GRT2 Grati #2.1# MW PLTG GAS E E PMRN Pemaron #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E GKMR Giltimur #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E GLMK Gilimanuk # MW PLTG GAS E E BLRI Pesanggaran #1#4 20/42 MW PLTG GAS E E PLTGU Cikarang PLTGU Cikarang PLTGU Clikarang E E Nuclear PLTN Nuclear E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E MWh 184 N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E N.C. New Coal PLTU COAL E E N.G. New GAS PLTGU LNG E E N.G. New GAS PLTGU LNG E E05 35
18 Electric Vehicle US cents/kwh US cents/kwh CO 2 2 4,000 MW CO 2 3EV100 1 : 00-6 : 00 2,000 MW CO 2 EV 7. 1 EV 2028 PHEV HV HV NGV 2EV PHEV
19 4 BAU 2028 SO x NO x [IGCC] CO 2 USC 5 JICA JICA CO CO L Bernow, S., B. Biewald, and D. Wolcott, 1993, Modeling fuel cycle and site - dependent environmental impacts in electric 37
20 79 1 resource planning.expert Workshop on Life - Cycle Analysis of Energy Systems : Proceedings, Paris, France : OECD/IEA, Paris 21022, May EPRI, 2001, Comparing the Benefits and Impacts of Hybrid Electric Vegicle Options, Palo Alto, CA : Magori, H., Yamanaka, T., Nakajima, S. and Yokoyama, R., 2002 Large - Scale Generation MIX Solution in Deregulated Environment via Extended Dynamic Programming.Proc. ICEE in Jeju Island, Korea, pp Markandya, A., 1990, Environmental costs and power systems planning.utilities Policy 11, pp Meier, P. and M. Munasinghe, 1993, Incorporating environmental concerns into power sector decision making : A case study of Sri Lanka, Environment Paper No. 6, The World Bank, Washington DC. New York Independent System Operator, 2009, Alternate Route : Electrifying the Transportation Sector, Potential Impacts of Plug - In Hybrid Electric Vehicles on New York State s Electricity System. ORNL Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2008, Plug - in hybrid electric vehicles may have an unexpected value. gov/info/ornlreview/v41_1_08/article11.shtml Rafaj, P. and S. Kypreos, 2006, Internalization of external cost in the power generation sector : Analysis with Global Multi - regional MARKAL model.energy Policy 352, pp R. Uhrig, 2005, Using Plug - in Hybrid Vehicles to Drastically Reduce Petroleum - Based Fuel Consumption and Emissions THE BENT OF TAU BETA PI, Spring, p Kenji Yamaji, Atsuki Hashimoto, Hiromi Yamamoto, Ryoji Hiwatari, and Kunihiko Okano, 2008, An Analysis of Market Potential and CO 2 Mitigation Effects of Plug - in Hybrid Electric Vehicle in Japan, 31st IAEE International Conference, Istanbul,Turkey, pp , June
21 1 Name Full name Type Fuel type MRJC A/Soedirman MRICA/Sudimar PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 2 small hydros PLTA Region 1 PLTA HYDRO E E E E04 3 small hydros PLTA Region 2 PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 4 small hydros PLTA Region 3 PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 5 small hydros PLTA Region 4 PLTA HYDRO E E E E04 6 Jatiluhur Jatiluhur PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 7 Saguling SGLNG PLTA HYDRO E E E E06 8 Cirata CRATA PLTA HYDRO E E E E06 9 Brantas PLTA BRANTAS PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 10 sutami sutami PLTA HYDRO E E E E05 22 GT145 Muara Tawar PMT MTWAR Ne PLTG HSD E E E E E E04 23 GT Cilegon BBG CLGON PLTG GAS E E E E E E05 30 CC - GRT Grati Grati PLTUG HSD E E E E E E04 31 CC - MT Muara Tawar MTWAR PLTUG GAS/HSD E E E E E E04 32 CC - TL Tambak Lorak TBROK PLTUG GAS/HSD E E E E06 39 GEO - 60 Dieng PLTP DIENG PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 40 GEO - 55 Watayang Windu GSLAK/PLTP SW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 41 GEO - 70 Darajat II/Amoseas PLTP Darajat PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 54 STCF6H Suralaya Slaya/SRLYA PLTU COAL E E E E06 55 STC Jawa Power Jawa Power PLTU COAL E E E E06 56 STCF6H Paiton I PEC PLTU COAL E E E E06 57 STCF6H Paiton II PLTU COAL E E E E06 58 STCF Cilacap PLTU Cilacap PLTU COAL E E E E06 59 STCF Tanjung Jati B PLTU COAL E E E E06 60 Krakatau Daya Steel KDL PLTU COAL E E E E06 61 SRL1 Suralaya #1 - #4 400 MW PLTU COAL E E E E06 62 SRL2 Suralaya #5 - #7 600 MW PLTU COAL E E E E06 63 MKR1 M. Karang #1 - #3 100 MW PLTU COAL E E E E05 64 MKR2 M. Karang #4 - #5 200 MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E04 65 MKR3 M. Karang PLTGU LNG E E E E E E05 66 MKRR M. Karang Repowering 2011 PLTGU LNG E E E E06 67 PRK1 T. Priok #3 & #4 50 MW PLTU COAL E E E E05 68 PRK2 T. Priok Block I & II PLTGU LNG E E E E E E05 69 PRK3 T. Priok #1 & #3 26 MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E03 70 PRKE T. Priok Extension 2012 PLTGU LNG E E E E06 71 MTR1 M. Tawar Block I PLTGU LNG E E E E E E05 72 MTR2 M. Tawar #2.1# MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E04 73 MTR3 M. Tawar #3.1# MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E04 74 MTRR M. Tawar Repowering 2011 PLTGU LNG E E E E E E05 75 SLK1 Salak #1#3 60 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 76 SLK2 IPP Salak #4#6 60 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 77 CLND IPP Cikarang Listrindo 150 MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E04 78 CLGN Cilegon 740 MW PLTGU LNG E E E E06 79 SRL3 Crash Program Suralaya 0MW PLTU COAL E E E E06 80 LBHN C.P. Labuhan 300 MW2 PLTU COAL E E E E06 81 TLNG C.P. Taluk Naga 300 MW3 PLTU COAL E E E E06 82 KMJ1 Kamojang #1 30 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 83 KMJ2 Kamojang #2 & #3 55 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 84 KMJ3 IPP Kamojang #4 60 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 85 DRJ1 Darajat #1 55 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E
22 79 1 Name Full name Type Fuel type DRJ2 IPP Darajat #2 95 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 87 DRJ3 IPP Darajat #3 110 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 88 WW1 IPP Wyndu #1 110 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E05 89 SRG1 Sunyaragi #1 $ # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E03 90 SRG2 Sunyaragi #3 $ # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E03 91 PTH1 IPP Patuha #1#3 60 MW PLTP Gaotharmal E E E E05 92 JBSL C.P. Pelabuhan Baru 300 MW3 PLTP COAL E E E E06 93 JBUT C.P. Indramayu 300 MW3 PLTU COAL E E E E06 94 CRBN IPP Cirebon 600 MW1 PLTU COAL E E E E06 95 TBK1 Tambak Lorok Block I & II PLTGU LNG E E E E E E05 96 TBK2 Tambak Lorok #1 & #2 50 MW PLTU COAL E E E E05 97 TBK3 Tambak Lorok #3 200 MW PLTU COAL E E E E06 98 CLC1 Cilacap #1 & #2 29&26 MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E03 99 CLC2 IPPCliecap #1 & #2 PLTU COAL E E E E TJB1 Tanjung Jati - B #1 & #2 660 MW PLTU COAL E E E E TJB2 C.P. T. Jati Baru/Cilacap 600 MW1 PLTU COAL E E E E DIEN IPP Dieng #1 60 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E RMBG C.P. Rembang 300 MW2 PLTU COAL E E E E PTN1 Paiton #1 & #2 400 MW PLTU COAL E E E E PTN2 C.P. Paiton 600 MW1 PLTU COAL E E E E PEC IPP Paiton #7 & #8 645 MW PLTU COAL E E E E JPOW IPP Jawa Power #5 & #6 610 MW PLTU COAL E E E E GSK1 Gresik Block IIII PLTG E E E E E E GSK2 Gresik #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E GSK3 Gresik #1 & #2 100 MW PLTU COAL E E E E GSK4 Gresik #3 & #4 200 MW PLTU COAL E E E E PRAK Parak #1 & #2 50 MW PLTU COAL E E E E GRT1 Grati Block 1 PLTGU LNG E E E E E E GRT2 Grati #2.1# MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E PMRN Pemaron #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E GLMR Giltimur #1 & # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E GLMR Gillimanuk # MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E BLII Pesanggaran #1#4 20/42 MW PLTG GAS E E E E E E BLUT IPP Bali Utara 130 MW3 PLTU COAL E E E E BDGL IPP Bedugul 10 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E TJAW C.P T Awar - awar 300 MW2 PLTU COAL E E E E JTSL C.P J. Selatan/Pacitan 300 MW2 PLTU COAL E E E E CSLC IPP Cisolok - Cisukarama 45 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E TGBP IPP Tangkuban Perahu 110 MW2 PLTP Geothermal E E E E TMPM IPP Tampomas 50 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E KMJ4 IPP Kamajang #5 60 MW1 PLTP Geothermal E E E E DIEN2 IPP Dieng #2 & #3 PLTP Geothermal E E E E WW2 IPP Wyndu #2 100 MW PLTP Geothermal E E E E RJMD IPP Rajamandandala 47 MW1 PLTA HYDRO E E E E JTGD PU Jatigede 55 MW2 PLTA HYDRO E E E E JTLH Jatiluhur $ PLTA HYDRO E E E E SAGL Saguling PLTA HYDRO E E E E IPA1 IP - Area I PLTA HYDRO E E E E IPA2 IP - Area II PLTA HYDRO E E E E MRTC Sudirman PLTA HYDRO E E E E APA3 IP - Area III PLTA HYDRO E E E E STM1 Sutami PLTA HYDRO E E E E
23 139 EPNS EP Non Su PLTA HYDRO E E E E BNEP Brantas N PLTA HYDRO E E E E CRI2 Cirate PLTA HYDRO E E E E RJMD Rajamand PLTA HYDRO E E E E JTGD Jatigede PLTA HYDRO E E E E PLTP Salak 4, 5 & 6 PLTP Salak 4, 5 & 6 PLTP Salak E E E E PLTP Darajat Unit 2, Unit 3 PLTP Darajat Unit 2, Unit 3 PLTP Darajat E E E E PLTU Paiton I PLTU Paiton I PLTU Paiton I E E E E PLTU Paiton II PLTU Paiton II PLTU Paiton II E E E E PLTGU Cikarang PLTGU Cikarang PLTGU Cikarang E E E E E E PLTP Dieng PLTP Dieng PLTP Dieng E E E E PLTP Wayang Windu unit 1 PLTP Wayang Windu unit 1 PLTP Wayang E E E E PLTU Cilacap PLTU Cilacap PLTU Cilacap E E E E Cibrii - 3 PLTA HYDRO E E E E Cipasang PLTA HYDRO E E E E Cimandiri PLTA HYDRO E E E E Maung PLTA HYDRO E E E E Matenggeng PST Pumoed Storage E E E E Gurindulu PST Pumoed Storage E E E E Nuclear PLTN Nuclear E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E E05 41
24 79 1 Name Full name Type Fuel type N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E N.C New Coal PLTU COAL E E E E E E N.G New GAS PLTGU LNG E E E E N.G New GAS PLTGU LNG E E E E
P R I O K SOPP (OIL) : MUARA TAWAR SURALAYA CIKARANG LISTRINDO MUARA TAWAR MUARA KARANG SOPP (OIL) : 300 DARAJAT PLN DARAJAT IPP TAMBAK LOROK P E R A
P R I O K SOPP (OIL) : MUARA TAWAR SURALAYA CIKARANG LISTRINDO MUARA TAWAR MUARA KARANG SOPP (OIL) : 300 DARAJAT PLN DARAJAT IPP TAMBAK LOROK P E R A K PAITON IPP SALAK PLN CIRATA SUNYARAGI JELOK/TIMO/KD.OMBO
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
4. 電力開発シナリオの最適化 4.1. 一次エネルギー需給および開発可能性評価 インドネシア国では 石油 天然ガス 石炭など豊富なエネルギー資源を有していると考えられてきたが その資源も有限であり 石油については 年々生産量が減少する傾向にあり 2004 年を境に輸入量が輸出量を上回り このまま推移すると 2013 年頃には 輸入量が生産量を追い抜き 石油の純輸入国になるものと考えられる 一方ガスについては
レポート本文電力自由化2000年4月.PDF
No.80 May 2000 2000 3 21 27 1995 31 2000 3 21 IPP 1 3 1 LNG 2 99 5 2000 3 21 31 95 12 95 IPPIndependent Power Producer 2000 2,000kW 2 27% 95 7 95 96 98 3 IPP 566 kw 2,583 kw 566 kw 104 W 670 kw 99 5 10
Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori
Proposal and Characteristics Evaluation of a Power Generation System Utilizing Waste Heat from Factories for Load Leveling Pyong Sik Pak, Member, Takashi Arima, Non-member (Osaka University) In this paper,
第２９回日中石炭関係総合会議
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資料１－１ 経済性評価モデルによる地中貯留ポテンシャルの評価
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